Nagurus nanus ( Budde-Lund, 1908 )

Campos-Filho, Ivanklin Soares, Montesanto, Giuseppe, Araujo, Paula Beatriz & Taiti, Stefano, 2017, New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil, Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2017034) 107, pp. 1-30 : 19-25

Nagurus nanus ( Budde-Lund, 1908)

Porcellio (Nagara) nana BUDDE-LUND, 1908:285 , taf. 14, figs 40-47. Nagurus nanus ; ARAUJO & BUCKUP, 1996b:161, figs 2, 3.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Santa Catarina: 5♂, 3♀, SÃo JoÃo Batista , 27°15’52”S, 48°51’12”W, 26.VI.2012, P. B. Araujo & B. L. Zimmermann col., in woods (UFRGS 5598) .

Previous Brazilian records. Santa Catarina: Gravatal ( ARAUJO & BUCKUP, 1996b).

Remarks. The synonym list presented here includes the original description and the works mentioning Brazil. The complete list is available in SCHMALFUSS (2003).

Distribution. Tropical and subpropical areas. In Brazil this species is recorded only from the state of Santa Catarina.

Armadillidiidae Armadillidium Brandt, 1833 Armadillidium vulgare ( Latreille, 1804)

Armadillo vulgaris Latreille, 1804:48 .

Armadillidium vulgare ; LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1971:4, fig 14; LENKO, 1971:8; ARAUJO et al., 1996:133, figs 54-58, 68; SOUZA-KURY, 1998:654; LEISTIKOW & WÄGELE, 1999:43; ARAUJO, 1999:252, fig. 23; SCHMALFUSS, 2003:38; APPEL et al., 2011:124, figs 1B, 2D–F; CAMPOS-FILHO et al., 2014:412 , fig. 40.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Minas Gerais: many ♂ and ♀, Itamonte, 20°20’44”S, 44°48’52”S, 07.III.2014, G. M. Cardoso col. (UFRGS 5909). São Paulo: ♀, Campos do JordÃo, 22°45’08”S, 45°37’38”W, 08.VI.2013, I. S. Campos-Filho & G. M. Cardoso col., Pinus and Araucaria forest (UFRGS 5855). Rio Grande do Sul: ♂, Fontoura Xavier, 29°0’17”S, 52°21’W, 27.VII.2013, G. M. Cardoso col. (UFRGS 5726).

Previous Brazilian records. Bahia, Minas Gerais, SÃo Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul ( LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1971). Minas Gerais: SÃo Roque de Minas, Serra da Canastra, Gruta Zeferino I cave ( CAMPOS-FILHO et al., 2014). SÃo Paulo: Barueri, Cidade Universitária (SÃo Paulo city), and Salesópolis (E. E. da BoracÉia) ( LENKO, 1971). Santa Catarina: Anchieta, Blumenau, Bom Retiro, Campos Novos, Catanduvas, Faxinal dos Guedes, Florianópolis, Itá, JoaÇaba, Lages, MondaÍ, Ponte Serrada, SÃo Miguel d’Oeste, SÃo LourenÇo d’Oeste, Santa CecÍlia, Sombrio, Urussanga, and Xanrerê (ARAUJO et al., 1996). Rio Grande do Sul: Agudo, Arroio Grande, BagÉ, CaÇapava do Sul, CamaquÃ, CapÃo da Canoa, Casca, Caxias do Sul, Coronel Bicaco, Dom Pedrito, Encruzilhada do Sul, Erechim, Flores da Cunha, Garibaldi, IraÍ, Mata, Nhu-PorÃ, Otávio Rocha, Palmeira das Missões, Panambi, Pantano Grande, Passo Fundo, Pinheiro Machado, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande (E. E. Taim), Rio Pardo, Rosário do Sul, SÃo Borja, SÃo Francisco, SÃo Gabriel, SÃo LourenÇo do Sul, SÃo Luiz Gonzaga, SÃo Vicente do Sul, Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Isabel do Sul, Santa Maria, Santa Rosa, Santana do Livramento, Santiago, Santo Ângelo, Sarandi, Tapes, Taquara, TramandaÍ, Três Passos, Veranópolis (ARAUJO et al., 1996).

Remarks. The synonym list presented here includes the original description and the works mentioning Brazil. The complete list is available in Schmalfuss (2003).

Distribution. Mediterranean species introduced into many parts of the world.

Eubelidae Ethelum Budde-Lund, 1899 Ethelum americanum (Dolfuss, 1896)

Mesarmadillo americanus DOLLFUS, 1896:397 , figs 11a-d; RICHARDSON, 1901:573.

Ethelum americanum ; BUDDE-LUND, 1899: 90, pl. III, figs 10-12; RICHARDSON, 1905:589, figs 649, 650; PEARSE, 1917, pl. l; VAN NAME, 1925:484, figs 27-36; PAULIAN DE FÉLICE, 1944:145; LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1967:312; SOUZA-KURY, 1998:657, LEISTIKOW & WÄGELE, 1999:42; SCHMALFUSS, 2003:95.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Pará: ♂ (part in micropreparations), BelÉm, MPEG, Campus de pesquisa, 11.IV.2014, J.T. Lisboa col., under tree barks, in front of the restaurants (MZUF 9650) .

Previous Brazilian records. Pará: ApeÚ, Castanhal ( LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1967).

Distribution. Lesser Antilles, northern Brazil (state of Pará), French Guiana, Guyana, and northern Venezuela.

Armadillidae Ctenorillo Verhoeff, 1942 Ctenorillo tuberosus ( Budde-Lund, 1904) , comb. nov.

( Figs 74-97 )

Armadillo tuberosus BUDDE-LUND, 1904:109 , pl. X, figs 1-4.

Reductoniscus tuberosus ; KESSELYAK, 1930:61; LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1972:357.

Cubaris tuberosa VAN NAME, 1936:377 , fig. 288, 1940:134.

Venezillo tuberosus ; SOUZA-KURY, 1998:654; LEISTIKOW & WÄGELE, 1999:51; JEPPESEN, 2000: 262; SCHMALFUSS, 2003:293.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Ceará: 3♂, 5♀, Fortaleza, Campus Pici, 29.V.2013, F. B. Ribeiro col., in cashew tree (MZUF 9651) .

Previous Brazilian records. Bahia: Abrolhos Archipelagous ( LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1972).

Redescription. Maximum body length: ♂ 2.5 mm, ♀ 3.5 mm. Color brown. Endoantennal conglobation ( Figs 74, 78 ). Dorsum covered with large ribs and tubercles, arranged as follows ( Fig. 75 ): vertex of cephalon with one anterior row of six tubercles and one posterior row of four tubercles; pereonites 1-7 with many tubercles and ribs as in Figs 74, 75 ; pleonites 3 and 4 with one row of four tubercles, pleonite 5 and telson with two paramedian tubercles each. Dorsal surface with short triangular scale-setae ( Fig. 76 ). Pereonites 1–7 with one nodulus lateralis per side inserted on lateral surface of the second outer tubercle ( Fig. 74 ). Cephalon ( Figs 77, 78 ) with frontal shield slightly protruding above vertex and concave in middle; eyes of about 10 ommatidia. Pereonite 1 grooved on lateral margin for about twothirds of its length, inner lobe of schisma rounded, not extending beyond posterior margin of outer lobe ( Figs 78, 79 ). Pereonite 2 with triangular ventral lobe not extending beyond posterior margin of epimeron ( Fig. 78 ). Pereonites 2–7 with quadrangular epimera ( Fig. 74 ). Telson ( Figs 80, 81 ) hourglass-shaped, proximal part broader than distal part, distal margin slightly convex. Antennula ( Fig. 82 ) of three articles with three apical and two subapical aesthetascs. Antenna ( Fig. 83 ) short and stout, slightly surpassing rear margin of cephalon; flagellum with second article about twice as long as first; apical organ about 1/3 as long as second article of flagellum. Mandible ( Figs 84, 85 ) with molar penicil dichotomized, consisting of several plumose setae; left mandibles with 2+1 and right mandible with 1+1 free penicils. Maxillula ( Fig. 86 ) with outer branch bearing 4+4 simple teeth; inner branch with two long penicils. Maxilla ( Fig. 87 ) bilobate, inner lobe distinctly narrower than outer lobe. Maxilliped ( Fig. 88 ) endite with subapical large seta overpassing distal margin, two short triangular spines distally; palp with two setae on the basal article. Pleopods 1–5 with monospiracular respiratory structures. Uropod ( Fig. 89 ) protopod flattened, enlarged on basal part, distal part trapezoidal, with medial margin slightly concave; exopod very short, inserted dorsally near medial margin of protopod.

Male: Pereopod 1 and 7 ( Figs 90, 91 ) with no particular modifications. Genital papilla as in Fig. 92 . Pleopod 1 ( Fig. 93 ) exopod small, wider than long, distal portion triangular, outer margin concave and crenulate; endopod with distal portion slightly bent outwards and slightly swollen. Pleopod 2 ( Fig. 94 ) exopod triangular, with outer margin distinctly concave; endopod longer than exopod. Pleopod 3–5 exopods as in Fig. 95-97 .

Remarks. This species was described by BUDDE-LUND (1904) as Armadillo tuberosus from Port au Prince, Haiti. It was later included in Reductoniscus by KESSELYAK (1930) and then in Cubaris by ( VAN NAME, 1936). The examination of the specimens from Brazil, certainly belonging to this species, showed that it belongs to Ctenorillo as redefined by SCHMALFUSS & FERRARA (1983), of which the genus Tuberdillo Arcangeli, 1941 , is a junior synonym (see TAITI et al., 1998). In fact, it has the cephalon, pereon, pleon and telson with developed costae and tubercles; the cephalon with the frontal lamina protruding above the vertex; pereon, pleon epimera and telson obliquely bent outward; pereonite 1 with schisma; ventral lobe of pereonite 2 tooth-shaped; epimera of pereonites 2-7 rectangular; telson hour-glass-shaped with basal part with two paramedial tubercles and distal part bent outwards with apex truncate; antenna short and thickset; uropod with tiny exopodite.

To date Ctenorillo included 13 species ( SCHMALFUSS, 2003; CAMPOS-FILHO et al., 2014): C. ausseli ( Dollfus, 1893) , from the Canary Islands; C. bananae ( Van Name, 1920) , from Cameroon, Congo and Angola; C. buddelundi Verhoeff, 1942 , from Uganda and Kenya; C. fagei ( Paulian de FÉlice, 1941), from Ivory Coast; C. ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti, 2014 from Brazil; C. gabunensis ( Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1983) , from Gabon; C. guinensis ( Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1983) , from Guinea; C. kenyensis SchmÖlzer, 1974 , from Uganda and Tanzania; C. legai ( Arcangeli, 1941) , from Ethiopia; C. mineri ( Van Name, 1936) , from Venezuela and Guyana; C. parituberculatus ( Taiti & Ferrara, 1987) , from Malawi; C. regulus ( Van Name, 1920) , from Zaire and Somalia; and C. strinatii ( Schmalfuss & Ferrara, 1983) , from Congo. The species of the genus are mainly distinguished by the number and disposition of dorsal tubercles. In having four tubercles on pleonites 3 and 4 and two on pleonite 5 and telson, C. tuberosus resembles C. gabunensis , from which it differs in the number and disposition of tubercles on the cephalon and pereon (compare Fig. 75 with Fig. 154 in SCHMALFUSS & FERRARA 1983).

Distribution. Haiti, St. Thomas Island, and Brazil (state of Bahia). It is also recorded from the Botanical Garden, Dahlem, near Berlin ( KESSELYAK, 1930; VAN NAME, 1936).

Cubaris Brandt, 1833 Cubaris murina Brandt, 1833

Cubaris murina BRANDT, 1833:190 ; LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1967:328; 1971:12, fig. 13; VILELA et al., 1971:184; ARAUJO et al., 1996:129, figs 46-47; SOUZA-KURY, 1998:653; LEISTIKOW & WÄGELE, 1999:44; SCHMALFUSS, 2003:81; NIEMEYER et al., 2006:14; 2009:138; NIEMEYER & DA SILVA,

2006:18; APPEL et al., 2011:124, fig. 2B, C; CAMPOS-FILHO et al., 2014:417, fig. 40; ZIMMERMANN et al., 2015b:3, table 1.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Espírito Santo : many ♂ and ♀, Linhares, 19°25’45”S, 40°05’12”W, 11.III.2014, G. M. Cardoso col. (UFRGS 5971). Mato Grosso do Sul :

3♂, 2♀, 1 manca, Bonito, Bonito HI-Hostel, 21°07’22”S, 56°30’06”W, 12.XI.2014, G. M. Cardoso col. (UFRGS 6011) ; 2♂, 3♀, Jardim, RPPN Rio da Prata , 21°27’41”S, 56°26’23”W, 13.XI.2014, G. M. Cardoso col. (UFRGS 6014). Santa Catarina : ♂, 4♀, Florianópolis, Praia Jurerê , 27°26’S, 48°29’W, 04.III.2005, P. B. Araujo col. (UFRGS 6475)

Previous Brazilian records. Pará: Arapera ( LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1967). Pará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, EspÍrito Santo, Rio de Janeiro and SÃo Paulo ( LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1971). Bahia: Simões Filho (NIEMEYER et al., 2006, 2009; NIEMEYER & DA SILVA, 2006); Gruta dos Brejões, Morro do ChapÉu ( CAMPOS-FILHO et al., 2014). Mato Grosso: Dourados ( VILELA et al., 1971). Santa Catarina: Blumenau and Timbó (ARAUJO et al., 1996). Paraná: Foz do IguaÇu ( ZIMMERMANN et al., 2015b).

Remarks. The synonym list presented here includes the original description and the works mentioning Brazil. The complete list is available in SCHMALFUSS (2003).

Distribution. Circumtropical. In Brazil, this species is recorded from the states of Pará, Bahia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, EspÍrito Santo, Paraná and Santa Catarina.

Diploexochus Brandt, 1833 Diploexochus echinatus Brandt, 1833

( Figs 98-122 )

Diploexochus echinatus BRANDT, 1833:192 , pl. IV, figs 20, 21; MILNE-EDWARDS, 1840:180; BUDDE-LUND, 1909:54; RICHARDSON, 1912:479; ARCANGELI, 1934:92, 1957:101; VAN NAME, 1936:398, figs 241-243; LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1967:322; SOUZA-KURY, 1998:6532; LEISTIKOW & WÄGELE, 1999:44; SCHMALFUSS, 2003:90.

Armadillo echinatus ; BUDDE-LUND, 1879:7; 1885:26, 1904:104, pl. IX figs 35-37.

Cubaris echinatus ; PEARSE, 1917:3.

Cubaris gaigei PEARSE, 1917:2 , fig. 1; VAN NAME, 1925:467.

Material examined. FRENCH GUIANA: ♂, 3♀, RN Nouragues, Saint PararÉ, 4.VII.2010, S. E. A. G. col. (MZUF 9653). BRAZIL, Pará: 3♂, 3♀, 3 juveniles, FLONA CaxiuanÃ, 25.VIII.2012, E. G. Cafofo col. (MZUF 9652) .

Previous Brazilian records. Pará: Acará and BelÉm ( Ilha do Marajó) ( LEMOS DE CASTRO, 1967).

Redescription. Maximum body length: ♂ 9 mm, ♀ 9.5 mm. Color dark brown. Endoantennal conglobation ( Fig. 98 ). Dorsum covered with large triangular and acute tubercles, arranged as follows ( Fig. 99 ): vertex of cephalon with 12 tubercles in three rows; pereonite 1 with 24 tubercles; pereonites 2-6 with 15 tubercles; pereonite 7 with 13 tubercles; pleonites 3 and 4 with one row of four tubercles, pleonite 5 and telson with two paramedian tubercles each. Dorsal surface with short semi-circular scale-setae ( Fig. 100 ). Cephalon ( Figs 101-103 ) with frontal shield prominent, distinctly protruding above vertex; eye with about 20 ommatidia. Pereonites with epimera flattened and directed outwards; pereonite 1 strongly grooved on lateral margin, inner lobe of schisma rounded, slightly extending beyond posterior margin of outer lobe ( Figs 103, 104 ), pereonite 2 with triangular ventral lobe; pereonite 3 with small rounded ventral lobe; pereonites 5-7 with oblique ventral ridge ( Fig. 104 ). Pleonites 3-5 ( Figs 105, 106 ) with epimera well developed, quadrangular slightly directed outwards. Telson quadrangular, proximal part broader than distal part, dorsum slightly depressed, distal margin concave. Antennula ( Fig. 107 ) of three articles, proximal and distal articles subequal in length, distal article with many aesthetascs inserted apically and subapically. Antenna ( Fig. 108 ) short, not surpassing rear margin of pereonite 1; flagellum of two articles, distal article about three times as long as first bearing two rows of two aesthetascs. Mandible ( Figs 109, 110 ) with molar penicil simple; left mandibles with 2+1 and right mandible with 1+1 free penicils. Maxillula ( Fig. 111 ) outer branch with 4+6 simple teeth; inner branch with two stout penicils. Maxilla ( Fig. 112 ) bilobate, outer lobe three times as wide as inner lobe, covered with thin setae, inner lobe covered with thick setae. Maxilliped ( Fig. 113 ) endite with medial seta overpassing distal margin, distal margin slightly rounded with two short triangular setae; palp with two setae on basal article. Pleopods 1–5 with monospiracular respiratory structures. Uropod ( Fig. 114 ) protopod flattened, enlarged on basal part, distal part subrectangular, medial margin slightly concave; exopod short inserted dorsally near medial margin below distinct lobe.

Male: pereopods 1 and 7 ( Figs 115, 116 ) with no particular modifications. Genital papilla as in Fig. 117 . Pleopod 1 ( Fig. 118 ) exopod small, triangular, wider than long, outer and inner margin with many setae; endopod about three times as long as exopod, distal part slightly bent outwards. Pleopod 2 ( Fig. 119 ) exopod triangular, outer margin strongly concave bearing many setae; endopod slightly longer than exopod. Pleopod 3–5 exopods as in Fig. 120-122 .

Remarks. Diploexochus was erected by BRANDT (1833) to allocate D. echinatus from Brazil. To date, the genus includes with certainty only the type-species ( SCHMALFUSS, 2003).

Distribution. Guyana, French Guiana, Trinidad and Brazil (state of Pará).

Figures

Figs 74-83. Ctenorillo tuberosus (Budde-Lund, 1904), ♂: 74, adult specimen, lateral view; 75, disposition of dorsal tubercles; 76, dorsal scale-seta; 77, cephalon and pereonites 1, dorsal view; 78, cephalon and pereonites 1 and 2, frontal view; 79, epimera of pereonites 1 and 2, ventral view; 80, pleonites 3-5, telson and uropods, dorsal view; 81, pleonites 3-5, telson and uropods, ventral view; 82, antennula; 83, antenna.

Figs 84-89. Ctenorillo tuberosus (Budde-Lund, 1904), ♂: 84, left mandible; 85, right mandible; 86, maxillula; 87, maxilla; 88, maxilliped; 89, uropod.

Figs 90-97. Ctenorillo tuberosus (Budde-Lund, 1904), ♂: 90, pereopod 1; 91 pereopod 7; 92, genital papilla; 93, pleopod 1; 94, pleopod 2; 95, pleopod 3 exopod; 96, pleopod 4 exopod; 97, pleopod 5 exopod.

Figs 98-108. Diploexochus echinatus Brandt, 1833, ♂: 98, adult specimen, lateral view; 99, disposition of dorsal tubercles; 100, dorsal scale-seta; 101, cephalon and pereonite 1, dorsal view; 102, cephalon and pereonites 1, caudal view; 103, cephalon and pereonites 1-3, frontal view; 104, epimera of pereonites 1-7, ventral view; 105, pleonites 3-5, telson and uropods, dorsal view; 106, pleonites 3-5, telson and uropods, ventral view; 107, antennula; 108, antenna.

Figs 109-114. Diploexochus echinatus Brandt, 1833, ♂: 109, left mandible; 110, right mandible; 111, maxillula; 112, maxilla; 113, maxilliped; 114, uropod.

Figs 115-122. Diploexochus echinatus Brandt, 1833, ♂: 115, pereopod 1; 116, pereopod 7; 117, genital papilla; 118, pleopod 1; 119, pleopod 2; 120, pleopod 3 exopod; 121, pleopod 4 exopod; 122, pleopod 5 exopod.