Copelatus, Erichson, 1832, Erichson, 1832

Jiang, Zhuo-Yin, Zhao, Shuang, Yang, Zhen-Yu, Jia, Feng-Long & Hájek, Jiří, 2022, A review of Copelatus Erichson, 1832 of Mainland China, with description of ten new species from the japonicus complex (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae), Zootaxa 5124 (3), pp. 251-295 : 276-278

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5124.3.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:67D4C618-C7C2-4FFC-925B-B260E11CD7B4
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6412793
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/291CAA4F-BF44-FF86-1DC5-FADB9DAAFD01
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Copelatus
status

Treatment

Key to species View in CoL (males predominantly)

1. Each elytron with five discal striae. Dark brown with reddish head and lateral sides of pronotum, elytra with broad orange transverse basal band, lateral sides and subapical spot ( Fig. 16 View FIGURES 13–16 ). Small (TL: 3.5–4.0 mm), parallel-sided species from central and eastern China, Korea and Japan........................................... C. parallelus Zimmermann, 1920 View in CoL

- Each elytron with six or more discal striae................................................................. 2

2. Each elytron with six discal striae........................................................................ 3

- Each elytron with more than six discal striae; even striae may be short (occupying only basal fourth of elytral length) or fragmented into several strioles ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 5–8 ).................................................................. 22

3. Broader species. Median lobe of aedeagus near mid-length with distinct finger-like process on ventral side ( Figs 49 View FIGURES 39–50 , 59 View FIGURES 51–62 )... 4

- Narrower species. Median lobe of aedeagus usually sickle-shaped, without distinct process on ventral side.............. 5

4. Smaller (TL: 4.3–5.3 mm), widely distributed Oriental species reaching southern China. Median lobe of aedeagus near midlength with small dent on dorsal side ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 39–50 ). Brown blackish, elytra usually with thin basal orange transverse band ( Figs 14–15 View FIGURES 13–16 ). Females dimorphic........................................................... C. oblitus Sharp, 1882 View in CoL

- Larger (TL: 5.2–6.1 mm), widely distributed Oriental species reaching southern and eastern China. Median lobe of aedeagus near mid-length with broad spoon-like process on dorsal side ( Fig. 59 View FIGURES 51–62 ). Brown blackish, elytra usually with broad comb-like shaped basal orange transverse band and orange-brown sides laterally from elytral stria 3 ( Fig. 21 View FIGURES 21–24 ). Females similar to males ….................................................................. C. sociennus J. Balfour-Browne, 1952 View in CoL

5. Elytra yellow orangish with two irregular transverse blackish bands, one medially and one subapically ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 25–28 ). Male unknown. Smaller (TL: 4.5–4.8 mm) species from Hongkong................................................ Copelatus sp.

- Elytra brown to black, at most with paler lateral sides and transverse basal band................................... 6

6. Median lobe of aedeagus near mid-length with large irregular process on dorsal side ( Fig. 65 View FIGURES 63–70 ). Dark brown, head, lateral sides of pronotum, and base and lateral sides of elytra usually paler ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–28 ). Larger (TL: 5.1–5.5 mm) species from northeastern China............................................................... C. weymarni J. Balfour-Browne, 1947 View in CoL

- Median lobe of aedeagus with dorsal side simple, continuous.................................................. 7

7. Elytra blackish with paler lateral sides, without pale transverse basal band ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 21–24 ). Elytral striae 1, 5 and 6 beginning posteriorly to base. Median lobe of aedeagus sickle-shaped, simple; in apical half regularly curved and only slightly narrowed to apex ( Fig. 61 View FIGURES 51–62 ). Smaller (TL: 4.0– 4.9 mm), widely distributed species........................... C. tenebrosus Régimbart, 1880 View in CoL

- Elytra light to dark brown, often with pale transverse basal band. Elytral striae usually beginning at base. Larger (TL:> 4.5 mm) species............................................................................................. 8

8. Apical part of median lobe of aedeagus bisinuous ( Figs 35 View FIGURES 29–38 , 45 View FIGURES 39–50 )................................................ 9

- Apical part of median lobe of aedeagus straight or sinuous................................................... 10

9. Median lobe of aedeagus in third quarter with a distinct shallow swelling on ventral side; apical fourth slender ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 29–38 ). Brown, with lateral sides of pronotum, base and lateral sides of elytra indistinctly paler ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 5–8 ). Larger (TL: 5.5 mm) species from northwestern Yunnan ..................................................................... C. felicis sp. nov.

- Median lobe of aedeagus without swelling on ventral side; apical part broader ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 39–50 ). Brown, with head, lateral sides of pronotum and thin transverse basal band on elytra orange-brown ( Fig. 12 View FIGURES 9–12 ). Larger (TL: 5.3–5.8 mm) species from central Yunnan ........................................................................................................................................................................... C. mopanshanensis sp. nov.

10. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view in shape of letter “Γ” ( Figs 55 View FIGURES 51–62 , 67)...................................... 11

- Median lobe of aedeagus more sickle- or hook-shaped...................................................... 12

11. Median lobe of aedeagus in mid-length with distinct trapezoidal swelling on ventral side; apical part narrow; apex pointed, turned dorsally ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 51–62 ). Brown, with orange-brown lateral sides of pronotum and thin comb-like shaped transverse basal band on elytra ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 17–20 ). Larger (TL: 5.0– 5.9 mm) species from Yunnan and western Guizhou ....... C. rimosus Guignot, 1952 View in CoL

- Median lobe of aedeagus in mid-length without any swelling, medially sinuous on dorsal side; apical part broader, narrowing continuously to straight apex ( Fig. 67 View FIGURES 63–70 ). Brown, with orange-brown head, lateral sides of pronotum and broad transverse basal band on elytra ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 25–28 ). Larger (TL: 5.5 mm) species from southwestern Guizhou ................ C. xiniudong sp. nov.

12. Median lobe of aedeagus straight in middle three fifths of its length; apical fifth strongly curved, hook-shaped ( Fig. 47 View FIGURES 39–50 ). Head and pronotum brown, elytra pale brown with broad orange transverse basal band ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 13–16 ). Smaller (TL: 4.6–4.9 mm) species from northern Guangdong ........................................................... C. nanlingensis sp. nov.

- Median lobe of aedeagus curved in basal three fourths of its length; apical fourth straight or sinuous, but never hook-shaped.................................................................................................… 13

13. Median lobe of aedeagus in apical third almost straight or slightly turned ventrally ( Figs 31, 33 View FIGURES 29–38 , 43 View FIGURES 39–50 ) …................ 14

- Median lobe of aedeagus in apical third distinctly curved dorsally............................................. 16

14. Median lobe of aedeagus in apical third slightly turned ventrally; distinctly narrowing to slender apical part ( Fig. 43 View FIGURES 39–50 ). Dark brown, with orange-brown clypeus, lateral sides of pronotum and thin transverse basal band on elytra ( Fig. 11 View FIGURES 9–12 ). Larger (TL: 5.6–6.1 mm) species from western Guizhou ............................................... C. miaowangi sp. nov.

- Median lobe of aedeagus in apical third straight, slightly but continually narrowing to skewed apex. Head and pronotum dark brown with orange clypeus and lateral sides of pronotum; elytra brown with broad orange transverse basal band. Comparatively smaller (TL: 4.6–5.6 mm) species....................................................................... 15

15. Median lobe of aedeagus in two thirds of its length with small tooth on ventral side ( Fig. 33 View FIGURES 29–38 ). Larger (TL: 5.2–5.6 mm) species from southeastern China............................................................. C. dentatipenis sp. nov.

- Median lobe of aedeagus without tooth on ventral side ( Fig. 31 View FIGURES 29–38 ). Medium sized (TL: 4.6–5.3 mm) species from central and eastern China................................................................ C. chinensis Régimbart, 1899

16. Median lobe of aedeagus strongly arched; broad in basal two thirds of its length, very narrow in apical third ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 39–50 ). Head and pronotum dark brown with orange clypeus and lateral sides of pronotum; elytra brown with comb-like shaped yellowish orange transverse basal band ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 5–8 ). Larger (TL: 5.3–5.7 mm) species from eastern China and Japan... C. japonicus Sharp, 1884 View in CoL

- Median lobe of aedeagus weakly to moderately arched; at least in apical third continuously narrowing to apex.......... 17

17. Median lobe of aedeagus only weakly arched; narrowing continuously from basal part to apex; apex slightly turned ventrally ( Fig. 29 View FIGURES 29–38 ). Brown, with orange clypeus, lateral sides of pronotum and transverse basal band on elytra ( Fig. 1 View FIGURES 1–4 ). Medium sized (TL: 4.9–5.3 mm), widely distributed Oriental species reaching southern part of China........ C. bacchusi Wewalka, 1981 View in CoL

- Median lobe of aedeagus moderately arched; in basal half (or basal two thirds) broad, then narrowing to apex; apex not turned ventrally........................................................................................... 18

18. Median lobe of aedeagus broad in basal three fourths of its length, then narrowing to obtusely pointed apex ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 29–38 ); lateral carina of median lobe with small spines in apical half ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 29–38 aa). Head and pronotum dark brown with orange clypeus and lateral sides of pronotum; elytra brown with orange transverse basal band ( Figs 5–6 View FIGURES 5–8 ). Medium sized (TL: 4.7–5.5 mm), widely distributed Oriental species reaching China in southern Yunnan ..................... C. diversistriatus sp. nov. (partim)

- Median lobe of aedeagus broad in basal half of its length, then narrowing to obtusely pointed apex; lateral carina of median lobe without small spines in apical half...................................................................... 19

19. Median lobe of aedeagus broadest in mid-length, apical part relatively broad ( Fig. 63 View FIGURES 63–70 ). Dark brown, with orange clypeus, lateral sides of pronotum and thin transverse basal band on clypeus ( Figs 23–24 View FIGURES 21–24 ). Larger (TL: 5.1–5.9 mm) species from western Yunnan ........................................................................ C. tengchongensis sp. nov.

- Median lobe of aedeagus broadest in basal part, apical part narrow............................................. 20

20. Median lobe of aedeagus more arched; subapically nearly straight on dorsal side; apex very thin, distinctly turned dorsally ( Fig. 57 View FIGURES 51–62 ). Elytral stria 1 may be fragmented or absent basally. Dark brown, with orange lateral sides of pronotum and indistinct thin transverse basal band on elytra ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 17–20 ). Females dimorphic. Larger (TL: 5.1–5.9 mm) species from western Yunnan ........................................................................................... C. rosulae sp. nov.

- Median lobe of aedeagus less arched; in apical half distinctly curved on dorsal side; apex not turned dorsally ( Figs 41 View FIGURES 39–50 , 53 View FIGURES 51–62 ). Head and pronotum dark brown with orange clypeus and lateral sides of pronotum; elytra brown, sometimes with slightly paler base............................................................................................... 21

21. Median lobe of aedeagus more arched, distinctly curved throughout its whole length ( Fig. 41 View FIGURES 39–50 ). Larger (TL: 5.1–5.7 mm) species from northern Myanmar and western Yunnan, China.................................... C. malaisei Guignot, 1954 View in CoL

- Median lobe of aedeagus less arched, in midpart nearly straight ( Fig. 53 View FIGURES 51–62 ). Larger (TL: 4.8–5.8 mm) species from southern Yunnan, China and neighbouring areas of northeastern Laos and northern Vietnam................ C. puzhelongi sp. nov.

22. Each elytron with six complete, well impressed discal striae and 1–4 short striae in between; short striae may be fragmented into several strioles or absent; submarginal stria present, long. Dark brown, with orange clypeus, lateral sides of pronotum and transverse basal band on elytra ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 5–8 ). Median lobe of aedeagus sickle-shaped; broad in basal three fourths of its length, then narrowing to obtusely pointed apex ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 29–38 ); lateral carina of median lobe with small spines in apical half ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 29–38 aa). Medium sized (TL: 4.7–5.5 mm), widely distributed Oriental species reaching China in southern Yunnan ............................................................................................... C. diversistriatus sp. nov. (partim)

- Each elytron with 11 complete, shallowly impressed discal striae; submarginal stria fragmented into several short strioles or absent. Brown, with orange head, lateral sides of pronotum and broad transverse basal band on elytra ( Fig. 27 View FIGURES 25–28 ). Median lobe of aedeagus broad, club-shaped, with two protuberances on dorsal side; apex beak-shaped ( Fig. 69 View FIGURES 63–70 ). Larger (TL: 5.4–5.7 mm) species from southeastern China.......................................... C. zimmermanni Gschwendtner, 1934 View in CoL