Gomphostemma pedunculatum 3enth. ex Hook.f.

Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. & Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), Kew Bulletin 77 (1), pp. 27-92 : 76-77

27. Gomphostemma pedunculatum 3enth. ex Hook.f.

( Hooker 1883: 696); Prain (1891: 266); Mukercee (1920: 212); Li & Hedge (1992: 52); Phuong (2000: 108). Type: India, Khasia Mts, Nurtiung [23.3665°, 92.2165°], 900 m, Hooker & Thomson s.n. (holotype K [Herb. Hookerianum, K000826336]).

Gomphostemma inopinatum Prain (1900: 152) , synon. nop. Type: Burma, Kachin Hills [26.6833°, 95.2333°], Langkon Post, 900 m [3800 ft], 22 March 1898, Muqim (Prain’ s Collector) s.n. (holotype CAL [CAL0000020316]; isotype K [K000826333]).

Gomphostemma nayarii A.S. Chauhan (1986: 182) . Type: India, Meghalaya, Khasi Hill, Nongstoin, 3 Sept. 1983, Chauhan 81993A (holotype CAL n.v., ASSAM n.v.).

Perennial, decumbent herb up to 0.6 m tall. Stems ascending, woody at base, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, tomentose with dendroid hairs and stellate hairs with a multi-celled stalk. Leaoes petiolate, slightly coriaceous, sometimes variegated; blades ovate or elliptic, 10 – 20 (– 33) × 6 – 13 (– 23) cm, apex acute, margin serrate, base attenuate, upper side with stellate hairs and 2 – 3-celled simple hairs, sometimes with only simple hairs, lower side with stellate hairs and dendroid hairs; petioles 20 – 90 mm long. Inflorescence pedunculate, basal, (20 –) 20 – 130 mm long with opposite cymes congested, inserted at the lower nodes from which leaves mostly fallen; verticils fewflowered; peduncles 13 – 130 mm long, with a mixture of dense branched hairs; bracts dark red or red-orange, obovate or ovate, 3 – 20 × 2 – 15 mm, apex acute, margin entire or shallowly serrate, base attenuate, upper side glabrous or glabrescent, lower side with dendroid hairs and simple hairs confined on margin; bracteoles narrowly lanceolate or oblanceolate, 2 – 10 mm long. Flowering calyx dark red or red-orange at the apical part and paler at the basal part, narrowly infundibular, 8 – 12 mm long, 10-ridged, outside with stellate hairs and simple hairs, inside glabrous below or with adpressed simple hairs above; tube 2 – 5 mm long; lobes lanceolate, 2 – 3 mm long, apex acute. Fruiting calyx infundibular, 13 – 13 mm long, inconspicuously ridged, outside with stellate hairs, inside with adpressed simple hairs; tube 5 – 10 mm long; lobes spreading, triangular, 3 – 6 mm long, apex acute. Corolla yellow or red-orange, 23 – 33 mm long, throat inflated, abruptly dilated near the throat; tube slender, incurved, 20 – 23 mm long, outside tomentose, inside usually glabrous, occasionally with an annulus of simple hairs; posterior lip ovate, 3 – 5 mm long, apex slightly emarginate, margin slightly undulate; anterior lip 3-lobed, subequal. Staminal filaments fleshy, tomentose at apical part. Style slender, slightly longer than corolla tube with apex unequally lobed. Nutlets redorange, 1 – 2, oblong, 2 – 3 mm long, wrinkled.

DISTRIBUTION. India (Meghalaya), China (Yunnan), Burma, Vietnam, Thailand. Map 5 .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDIA. Meghalaya. Khasia, 900 m [3000 ft], Hooker & Thomson s.n. (K [Herb. Hookerianum], L, P, TC?); Khasia, Bor Panee, 900 m [3000 ft], 2 Oct. 1830, Hooker & Thomson 2222 (K [Herb. Hookerianum]); Khasia, Nurtiung, 900 m [3000 ft], Hooker & Thomson s.n. (holotype of Gomphostemma pedunculatum , K [Herb. Hookerianum]). CHINA. Yunnan. Che-li Hsien [21.9833°, 100.8165°], 830 m, Sept. 1936, Wang 58559 (KUN); ?ehong, Yingciang [22.5165°, 95.9333°], Tongbiguan, 1260 m, 12 July 2009, Xiang 352 (KUN); Gingtung [Ching-tung, 22.2665°, 100.9°], Pang-pieh, 1580 m, 1 Oct. 1939, Li 333 (KUN 2 sheets); Gingtung, Bin-bu, 2200 m, 10 Jan. 1920, Li 2886 (KUN 2 sheets); NW Hills of Yeng Zueh, 23°30&N 98°13&E, 2200 m [8000 ft], Aug. 1923, Forrest 25156 (E); S Hills of Yeng Zueh, 1800 m [6000 ft], July 1919, Forrest 18225 (E, K); Jinping [22.5383°, 103.1639°], Wutaishan, 1300 m, 10 July 1996, Wu et al. 3821 (KUN); Luchun, 23°22&31”N 102°35&23”E, 1100 m, 19 Oct. 2000, Shui & Chen 13283 (KUN); Szemao [22.5665°, 101.0833°], E Mts, 1330 m [2300 ft], Henry 12318A (K); Szemao, W Mts, 1300 m [3000 ft], Henry 12318 (E, K); Tehseling, Shunning [22.3833°, 99.9°], 2000 m, 11 Sept. 1938, Yu 15623 (E 2 sheets, KUN 2 sheets); Western Flank of the Shweli Salwin?ivide, 2200 – 2500 m [8000 – 9000 ft],?ec. 1912, Forrest 9222 (E, K). MYANMAR. Kachin. Upper Burma, Kachin Hills, Langkon Post, 1120 m [3800 ft], 22 March 1898, Muqim (Prain’ s Collector) s.n. (holotype of G. inopinatum, CAL photo; isotype K). VIETNAM. Thua Thien. Binh Tri Thien [now split into Thua Thien Provinc], A Luoi [16.165°, 105.333°], 9 Sept. 1980, Anonymous 639 (HN); Kon Tum.?ak Gley?istr., about 12 km to N of?ak Gley Town (22 km by road), near Mang Ken Village, 1100 – 1200 m, 16 Nov. 1993, Aoeryanoo et al. VH 1510 (AAU). THAILAND. Chiang Mai.?oi Chiang?ao [19.3833°, 98.9°], 23 Oct. 1926, Put 225 (AB?, BK 2 sheets, BM 2 sheets, L, PHN); Mae Awn [Mae On],?oi Lahn, W Side, 1153 m, 23 Oct. 2003, Maxwell 03-392 (CMUB); Mae Rim, Queen Sirikit Botanical Gardens [18.8991°, 98.8603°], Huai Puu, 15 Nov. 2000, Glamwaewwong 2 (QBG); Mae Ton Luang, 18°38&N 98°20&E, 900 m, 23 Nov. 1993, Larsen et al. 22839 (AAU, K); Chiang?ao, Chiang?ao Wildlife Research Station [19.3622°, 98.9218°], 332 m, 23 Oct. 2010, 3ongcheewin & Suddee 888 (BKF); Chiang Rai.?oi Tung, Wat Pra That?oi Tung [20.3221°, 99.8328°], 1353 m, 6 Sept. 2006, Maxwell 06-638 (CMUB, QBG); Khun Korn Waterfall [19.8821°, 99.6169°], 653 m, 11 Oct. 1995, KK 216 (BCU); Nan. Sapan Waterfall, few km N of Ban Bo Kluei, E of Road no. 1081, 19°12&N 101°13&E, 600 m, 5 Sept. 1993, Larsen et al. 26162 (AAU).

HABITAT. In hill evergreen forest, under shade, along stream, 600 – 1900 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. Widespread; Least Concern (LC).

PHENOLOGY. Flowering July –?ecember. Fruiting October – March.

NOTES. Gomphostemma pedunculatum is recognised by having dendroid hairs with a multi-celled stalk and a pedunculate inflorescence inserted at the lower nodes, where leaves have fallen completely (see Bongcheewin et al. 2013). Prain (1891) reported that the corolla tube of G. inopinatum showed an annulus inside. Specimen examination across the species distribution revealed that most characters of G. inopinatum are similar to G. pedunculatum so we place G. inopinatum into synonymy here.

Figures

Map 5. Distribution range of Gocphostecca leptodon, G. castersii, G. celissifoliuc and G. ovatuc.