Gomphostemma heyneanum Wall.

Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. & Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), Kew Bulletin 77 (1), pp. 27-92 : 73-74

26. Gomphostemma heyneanum Wall. ex 3enth.

(Bentham in Wallich 1830b: 12); Prain (1891: 228); Mukercee (1920: 206). Type: India, 22 Sept. 1816, Herb. Heyne in Wall. Cat. 2132.1 (K [Herb. Benthamianum], lectotype selected here; isolectotype K-W [K001113333]).

Gomphostemma strobilinum var. heyneanum (Wall. ex Benth.) Hook.f. ( Hooker 1883: 696) . Type: as for G. heyneanum Wall. ex Benth.

Gomphostemma heyneanum var. rottleri Prain (1891: 229) . Type: India, Madras, Nilgiris, Mudumalai Forest, 600 m [2000 ft], Aug. 1886, Gamble 15983 (K, lectotype selected here; isolectotypes, BM, CAL n.v.).

Herb up to 1 m tall. Stems robust, erect, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, with a mixture of dense dendroid hairs and stellate hairs. Leaoes petiolate, chartaceous;blades ovate or elliptic-ovate,10 –18 ×5–10 cm, apex acute, margin serrate-dentate, base attenuate, upper side dark green with a mixture of hairs, lower side pale green tomentose with dense dendroid hairs; petioles 10 – 20 mm long. Inflorescence upright, terminal or terminal and axillary, 20 –100 mm long,with opposite cymes subsessile, congested or lax at the lower verticil; verticils few-flowered; subtending bracts present;bracts ovate or lanceolate,10 –23×3–20mm, apex acute, margin entire or shallowly serrate, base cuneate or cordate, upper side with stellate hairs, lower side with dense stellate hairs; bracteoles linear, falcate-like, narrowly spathulate or narrowly elliptic-ovate, 3 – 18 mm long. Flowering calyx infundibular, 10 – 13 mm long, 10-ridged, with dense stellate hairs on both sides; tube 3 – 8 mm long; lobes spreading, triangular-ovate,3 – 6 mm long, apex acute. Fruiting calyx infundibular, 10 – 13 mm long; tube 3 – 9 mm long; lobes triangular-ovate, 3 – 6 mm long, 3 – 2 mm wide at base, apex slightly acuminate, margin slightly folded outward. Corolla yellow or blue-purple, 13 – 20 mm long, throat narrow, gradually dilated towards the throat; tube incurved, 8 – 12 mm long, included in calyx, outside sparse simplehairs,insidewithanannulusofsimplehairs;posterior lip hooded, ovate, 3 – 8 mm long, apex emarginate, margin entire or slightly undulate; anterior lip spreading, platformlike, 3 – 10 mm long, apex emarginate or undulate; median lobe tongue-like, apex emarginate, margin entire or undulate, base constricted. Staminal filaments fleshy, tomentose. Style slightly fleshy,glabrous with apex subequally lobed. Nutlets 3 – 2, obovate, 3 – 2 mm long, wrinkled.

DISTRIBUTION. South India, Vietnam. Map 5 .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. INDIA. Karnataka. Bababudda [Bababuddan Hill, 13.3°, 53.5333°], Sept. 1816, Herb. Rottlerianum s.n. (K); Coorg [Kodagu?istr., 12.2208°, 53.5395°], Wottecolli, 18 Oct. 1913, 3ourne 6222 (K); Mysore, Hassan [12.93°, 56.0833°], Bannuhalla, 2 Sept. 1950, Jarrett et al. 630 (K); Kerala. Idikki?istr., Thekkady [9.6°, 55.2°], 853 m, 8 Oct. 1956, Vioekananthan 28612 (CAL); Palghat [10.55°, 56.63°], Thadikundu, 923 m, 9 Nov. 1956, Vajraoelu 28896 (CAL); Kottayam near Thekkadi, around Periyar Lake [9.2665°, 55.1665°], 800 m, 9 Sept. 1953, Cook et al. 180 (K); Calicut [Kozhikode, 11.23°, 53.55°]?istr., Nilamboor [Nilambur], 300 m, 3 Nov. 1956, Suresh 22326 (L); Tamil Nadu. Madras, Anamallai Hills [Anaimalai Hills, 10.3°, 55°], 900 m [3000 ft], Sept. 1882, Gamble 12628 (K); Anamallay Forests, 3eddome s.n. (BM); Madras, Nilgiris, Mudumalai Forest, 600 m [2000 ft], Aug. 1886, Gamble 15983 (isolectotypes of G. heyneanum var. rottleri, BM, K ); Courtallum [Courtallam, 8.9165°, 55.2833°], 2 Oct. 1812, Anonymous s.n. [‘ Stachys indica’] in Wall. Cat. 2132B (K, K-W); ibid., Herb. Madras [‘ Stachys indica’] in Wall. Cat. 2132C (CAL, K-W); Madras [11°, 58°], Herb. Stocks s.n. (K, K [Herb. Hookerianum]);

UNLOCALISED. South India: Paulghautcherry, Aug. 1822, Wight s.n. (K); 22 Sept. 1816, Wall. Cat. 2132.1 (lectotype of G. heyneanum , K [Herb. Benthamianum]; isolectotype K-W). VIETNAM. Ninh Thuan. Phanrang [Phan Rang], Ca Na [11.3333°, 108.9°], 500 m, 13 Nov. 1923, Poilane 8618 (P).

HABITAT. In shade, on loam and humus, wet deciduous forest, 600 – 923 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. Widespread and in protected areas throughout South India; Least Concern (LC).

PHENOLOGY. Flowering and fruiting July – November.

NOTES. Gomphostemma heyneanum can be distinguished by having a terminal infloresecence and soft hairs on both sides of leaves.

Figures

Map 5. Distribution range of Gocphostecca leptodon, G. castersii, G. celissifoliuc and G. ovatuc.