Gomphostemma microcalyx Prain (1890: 316,

Bongcheewin, Bhanubong, Ingrouille, Martin J. & Paton, Alan J., 2022, A revision of Gomphostemma (Lamiaceae), Kew Bulletin 77 (1), pp. 27-92 : 71-72

22. Gomphostemma microcalyx Prain (1890: 316,

1891: 231); Keng (1969: 82, 1958: 321); Walsingham & Bramley (2010: 283); Walsingham (2019: 202).

Type: Malaysia, Ulu Bubong in dense bamboo forest, 120 – 180 m [200 – 600 ft], July 1886, Kunstler 10223 (lectotype K [K000229838], selected by Keng (1969)).

Herb up to 1.3 m tall. Stems upright, obtusely quadrangular with longitudinal grooves, tomentose with stellate hairs with a 1-celled stalk, dendroid hairs absent; internodes sometimes wavy. Leaoes petiolate, chartaceous; blades narrowly ovate-elliptic or elliptic, 13 – 23 × 2 – 9 cm, apex acute, margin shallowly serrate or subentire, base attenuate, upper side with stellate hairs, lower side pale green tomentose with dense stellate hairs; petioles 23 – 20 (– 50) mm long, with dense stellate hairs. Inflorescence axillary with opposite cymes unbranched then very congested with axis not visible between flowers, up to 20 mm wide when pressed, excluding corolla, always inserted at the upper nodes at which leaves are usually present; verticils few-flowered, subtended by the upper leaves only; bracts falcate, 2 – 3 mm wide, upper side with stellate hairs, lower side glabrous or sparsely tomentose; bracteoles linear, 2 – 5 mm long. Flowering calyx infundibular, 3 – 8 mm long, 10-ridged, outside tomentose with dense stellate hairs with a 1-celled stalk, inside tomentose with adpressed shortly simple hairs; tube 3 – 3 mm long; lobes ovate-triangular tapering into the apex, 2 – 3 mm long, apex acuminate. Fruiting calyx cupular, 6 – 10 mm long; tube 2 – 6 mm long; lobes triangular, 2 – 2 mm long, apex acuminate, margin flat in cross section. Corolla orange, incurved or straight, 13 – 20 mm long in straight form, 23 – 30 mm long in incurved form, throat narrow in straight form or inflated in incurved form; tube exserted from the calyx, slender, not enlarged or sometimes gradually dilated towards the throat in straight form or abruptly dilated near the throat in incurved form, 10 – 13 mm long in straight form, 20 – 23 mm long in incurved form, outside tomentose with simple hairs or short glandular-like hairs, inside glabrous; posterior lip ovate-elliptic, 3 – 2 mm long for straight form, 3 – 6 mm long for incurved form, apex slightly emarginate; anterior lip 3-lobed, slightly shorter than posterior lip for incurved form or slightly longer than posterior lip for straight form; lateral lobes spreading, folded downward. Staminal filaments yellow, fleshy, tomentose at the upper part, included in straight form or slightly exserted in incurved form from underneath posterior lip. Style yellow, slender, shorter than corolla with apex unequally lobed. Nutlets solitary, globose, 3 mm long. Fig. 6C –?, H.

DISTRIBUTION. Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysian Borneo (Sabah, Sarawak), Indonesia (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan). Map 6 .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED. MALAYSIA. Negeri Sembilan. Genting Peras [3.1333°, 101.9665°], 5 July 1983, Kiew 1866 (SING); Perak. Bucong Malacca [2.3333°, 101.2°], Sept., Ridley s.n. (SING); Larut [2.8°, 100.53°], 320 – 600 m [1800 – 2000 ft], Aug. 1881, Kunstler 2133 (P); ibid., June 1882, Scortechini 922 (lectoparatype CAL photo); Larut Hills [2.83°, 100.5833°], 1891, Ridley s.n. (SING); Larut [2.8°, 100.53°], 320 – 600 m [1800 – 2000 ft], Aug. 1881, Kunstler 2133 (CAL, K); Maxwell Hill, 2 th mile [2.83°, 100.5833°], 600 m [2000 ft], 3?ec. 1963, Shah & Sidek 1133 (GH, K, L, SING); Tapa [Tapah, 2.1833°, 101.2665°], Wray 833 (lectoparatypes CAL photo, G, SING 2 sheets); Ulu Bubong, 120 – 180 m [200 – 600 ft], July 1886, Kunstler 10223 (lectotype K); Selangor. Ulu Bubong, 120 – 180 m [200 – 600 ft], July 1886, Kunstler 10223 (lectotype K); Gombak, Ulu Gombak [3.3165°, 101.5665°, descent to river at 22 nd mile, 220 m [1200 ft], 12 April 1962, 3urtt & Woods B1611 (E 2 sheets); Sabah. Tawau, Tawau Hill Park, 2°23&N 115°33&E, 30 June 2006, Julia et al. SAN 125035 (K); ibid., 325 m, 30 June 2006, Suzana et al. SAN 125801 (K); Tawau Hill Park, trail to Air Panas, 2°23&N 115°33&E, 29 June 2006, de Kok et al. SAN 125206 (K); Sarawak. Matang [1.3833°, 110.2333°], July 1903, Ridley s.n. (K, SING); Gunung Berloban, 10 th km of Tebakang-Tebedu Road [1.1123°, 110.2612°], 120 m, 1 July 1983, Yii & Othman S26181 (K, L); Bintulu, Tatau [2.8833°, 112.83°], Bukit Sarang, 90 m [300 ft], 12 March 1963, Anderson S20933 (K); Bintulu, Ulu Sungai Kakus, Bukit Sarang, Batu Anyi, 2°63&N 100°00.30&E, 8 Oct. 2002, Rantai et al. S93323 (SING); Bintulu, Ulu Sungai Kakus, Bukit Sarang, Sungai Sarang [6.6°, 116.3333°] to Batu Rusa, 16 July 2006, Skornickooa et al. 150 (SING); Gunong Medang [1.3922°, 110.2033°], 380 m, 8 Aug. 1966, Ashton & Hou 608 (L); Kuching?istr., Bukit Bacu on the Padawan Road near Kampung Tiang Ba Kap, 1°10&N 110°16&E, 100 – 200 m, 10 May 1996, 3eaman et al. 12050 (K); Kuching, 1 st?ivision, Bau, Gunung Ropih [1.3833°, 110.1333°], 23 June 2002, Connie et al. 3503 (SING); Kuching, Tiang Bekap, Mt Mentawa, 1°12&N 110°23&E, 53 m [230 ft], 23 July 1963, Chew 660 (L, SING); Lundu, Sungei Lundu near foot of Gunong Perigi [1.5165°, 109.8165°], 6 Aug. 1962, 3urtt & Woods B2693 (E); Serian?istr., Ulu Kedup, Gunong Selabor, 120 m [200 ft], 29 Sept. 1962, Anderson S20828 (K, L); Ulu Baram, Kuba’ an path from Bario [3.53°, 113.23°], 1080 m [3600 ft], 22 June 1962, Anderson S20013 (K). INDONESIA. SUMATRA. Aceh. North Sumatra, Atceh, Gunung Leuser Nature Reserve, Ketambe, valley of Lau Alas, near tributary of Lau Ketambe, c. 33 km NW of Kutatcance, 200 – 200 m, 15 May 1952, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 12025 (K, L 2 sheets, US); Gunung Leuser Nature Reserve, Gunung Ketambe and vicinity, 8 – 13 km SW [3.6326°, 95.3858°] from the mouth of Lau Ketambe, c. 20 km NW of Kutatcane, Camp 3, 1500 m, 6 Aug. 1952, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 12059 (K, L); Gunung Leuser Nature Reserve, Climbing Gunung Mamas, c. 10 – 12 km SW from the mouth of Lau Ketambe, c. 30 km NW of Kutatcane, 1200 – 1800 m, 15 May 1953, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 16929 (K, L); Gunung Leuser Nature Reserve, Ketambe Research Station and vicinity, Alas R. Valley, c. 33 km NW of Kutacane, 3°20&N 95°20&E, c. 3 km S of Ketambe, along Alas R., 300 – 330 m, 9 June 1959, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 18018 (BO, K, L); Gunung Leuser Nature Reserve, Sikundur Forest Reserve, c. 53 km NW of Medan, 3°33&N 98°3&E, Besitang R., 30 – 100 m, 3 Aug. 1959, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 19300 (BO, K, L); Aceh Selatan, W of Blangkaceren, 2°11&N 96°35&E, 500 m, 22 Feb. 1999, Argent & Iqbar 99102 (GH); Bampo-serba, 5 July 1939, Pooll s.n. (SING); Kloet Nature Reserve, S Kloet, along the Krung Lembang, vicinity of Pucuk Lembang, 3°03&N 95°23&E, 60 m, 10 July 1983, de Wilde & de Wilde-Duyfjes 19859 (BO, L 2 sheets); Lawe Sigala, near Kutatcane, 23 March 1932, Alston 12623 (BM, L); lower elevation of Gunong Kemiri, [3.5333°, 95.3°], 600 – 900 m, 21 Aug. 1951, Iwatsuki et al. S-533 (K); North Sumatra. E Coast, Aek na Gerger, between?coema Tombak and Taratak, Tanah?cawa [Tanah Jawa], Simeloengoen [Simalungun], 5 – 8 June 1925, 3artlett 8221 (US); E Coast, Asahan, Bandar Poeloeh [Bandarpoelau, 2.6833°, 99.3165°], 16 Aug. 1923, Yates 1538 (K); E Coast, Asahan, Silo Maradca, June 1925, 3artlett 8680 (US); E Coast, Pargambiran, 18 – 30 Oct. 1933, 3oeea 3813 (GH, L); E Coast, Vicinity of Hoeta Bagasan, Asahan, 5 Sept. 1932 – 2 Feb. 1933, 3oeea 6833 (GH); Sibolangit [3.3165°, 98.3833°], 200 m, 23 June 1918, Lorzing 3569 (L); West Sumatra. Island of Sipora [-2.1833°, 99.6333°], 28 Oct. 1922, Kloss 12803 (K, SING); Afd L. Koto, Soengai Koeriman, 1000 m, 28 June 1918, 3ünnemeijer 3259 (L); Jambi. Batang Soengai [-1.3665°, 102.2165°], 200 m, Sept. 1923, Posthumus 923 (L, SING);

UNLOCALISED. South Sumatra, 1881 – 1882, Forbes 1359 (BM, GH, L). JAVA. UNLOCALISED. Anonymous s.n. (L 2 sheets). KALIMANTAN. West Kalimantan. W Borneo, auf dem Bukit Mehipit [Mehebit, -0.3125°, 112.6208°], 300 m, 28?ec. 1922, Winkler 1113 (E, L); Central Kalimantan. Borneo, Bukit Raya, 0°20&S 112°22&E, 200 m, 22 Jan. 1983, Nooteboom et al. 2335 (BO, GH, L); Bukit Raya, Tumbang Tubus, 0°23&S 112°31&E, [-0.53°, 112.83°], 130 m, 3 Jan. 1983, Veldkamp 8025 (L); Bukit Raya and upper Katingan, Mendawai R. area, upper Samba R., 60 – 80 km NW of Tumbang Samba, 0°30&S 112°30&E, 130 m, 23 Nov. 1982, Mogea & de Wilde 3633 (BO, L 2 sheets); Tumbang Tapi, 1°1&S 113°E, 100 m, 22 Jan. 1983, Veldkamp 8352 (BO, L 2 sheets); South Kalimantan. Kalimantan Selatan, Gunung Besar [-2.5165°, 113.6165°], 800 – 1300 m, 15 Feb. 1959, Murata et al. B-2020 (BO); UNLOCALISED. Borneo, Sungei Pary, 1896 – 1895, Nieawenhuis & Jaheri 1391 (BO).

HABITAT. In primary or disturbed forest, evergreen forest, dipterocarp forest, 60 – 1800 m.

CONSERVATION STATUS. Widespread; Least Concern (LC).

PHENOLOGY. Flowering May – January. Fruiting November – March.

NOTES. Gomphostemma microcalyx has two forms of corolla: straight or incurved, both with a small calyx. However, these two forms overlap in distribution and intermediate forms are observed ( Fig. 6 ).

Figures

Map 6. Distribution range of Gocphostecca stellatohirsutuc, G. sulcatuc, G. velutinuc and G. cicrocalyx.

Fig. 6. Floral corphology of Gocphostecca crinituc, G. cicrocalyx, G. parvifloruc and G. thocsoni. A – E flowering calyx, corolla and lower lip. A G. crinituc (Roĸinson s.n.); B G. parvifloruc (froc Garrett 997); C G. cicrocalyx [straight corolla forc] (froc Yii & Othcan S46181); D G. cicrocalyx [incurved corolla forc] (froc de Wilde et al. 16949); E G. thocsonii (froc Hooker & Thocson s.n. (holotype)). F – J fruiting calyx, dissected, drawn to show the outer surface on one lobe and the inner surface on the four others. F G. crinituc (froc Lic FRI32830); G G. parvifloruc (froc Boyce 1026); H G. cicrocalyx (froc Anderson S20933); J G. thocsonii (froc Hooker & Thocson s.n. (isotype)). DRAWN;Y ANDREW;ROWN.