Orthezia species

Hodgson, Chris & Foldi, Imre, 2006, A review of the Margarodidae sensu Morrison (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) and some related taxa based on the morphology of adult males, Zootaxa 1263 (1), pp. 1-250 : 1-250

Orthezia species (from Colombia)

( Fig. 6 ).

Material examined

COLOMBIA, Espinal , Tolima, on "Cochinilla", 21. ix.1973, T.A. Adana ( USNM, 74–4316): 3/6ad ♂♂ (in fair condition but most specimens slightly distorted, with deformed apical segments to antennae) .

Mounted material

Moderately large, total­body length 2.0–2.25 mm. Antennae exceptionally long, nearly 1.5 times total­body length, most segments approximately subequal in length, with numerous short setae; fleshy setae (fs) present on antennae only, randomly distributed, without satellite setae (sats). Body with few setae, all hs, each with a broad, flattish socket although some setae on legs and abdominal sternites rather long and fs­like but here considered to be larger hs; loculate pores (lp) (each 9–12 m wide, with 3–5 loculi) present on both dorsal and ventral surfaces; plus usually 2 types of small to minute pores: (a) small convex pores (mcp), each 3 m wide: mainly restricted to the head, and (b) small simple pores (smp), each about 1–2 m wide: sparsely present throughout body. Metathorax with a slight waist. Legs long, about equal to total length of body: tarsus 1 segmented; bifurcated setae absent; claws with a small denticle; claw digitules setose. Wings longer than total­body length (about 1.15th total­body length); alar setae absent but alar sensoria abundant. Abdomen with segment I visible ventrally; abdominal tergite VII with numerous tubular ducts (tdc); tdc absent from segment VI.

Head

Broad, wider than long (400 m wide, 320 m long), separated from prothorax by a distinct constricted neck. Dorsally: midcranial ridge well developed, extending from near posterior margin of ventromedial part of epicranium (vmep) dorsally almost to posterior margin of dorsomedial part of epicranium (dmep); ventral arm strong and bifurcated posteriorly, with 0 or 1 hs, 1 or 2 lp + 2 or 3 smp on membranous area on either side of anterior end, group fusing with ventral head setae (vhs) more posteriorly; dorsal arm thinner and fading posteriorly, but with 2 short branches medially. Dorsomedial part of epicranium (dmep) sclerotised, without reticulations, becoming more sclerotised posteriorly, where it ends in a transverse postoccipital suture (pos); with (on each side) 3–6 hs of rather variable length (13–40 m), all flagellate, plus 1 or 2 lp and 1–9 smp. Laterally: genae (g) absent or represented by a narrow, unsclerotised area posterior to ocular sclerite (ocs), without setae or pores. Ocular sclerite (ocs): anterior part of each sclerite occupied by a bulging compound eye (cde); posterior part sclerotised but not reticulated, with a single large, protruding ocellus (o) (each 37–40 m wide); without setae or pores. Compound eyes (cde) each about 180 m long, placed on side of head, with about 150 ommatidia. Preocular ridge (procr) ventrally very short, possibly merely forming an articulation for scape; dorsally rather long, extending posteriorly along lateral margin of dorsomedial part of epicranium and either fusing posteriorly or fusing with postoccipital suture (pos); with a short extension medially near each scape, probably along anterior margin of dorsomedial plate. Postocular ridge (pocr) quite strongly developed dorsally, commencing from dorsal margin of each compound eye and extending posteroventrally along margin of neck, eventually articulating with cervical sclerite (cv); also with a short weak arm extending along medioventral margin of ocular sclerite. Ventrally with ventromedial part of epicranium (vmep) sclerotised but not reticulated; ventral head setae (vhs): with (on each side) 9–12 hs, 1–4 lp + 2 or 3 msp; posterior margin of vmep invaginated to form a shallow, transverse, cranial apophysis (ca). Posterior to ventromedial part of epicranium (vmep) lies a rectangular ventral plate (vp); beneath lateral margins of vp lie a pair of posterior tentorial arms (pta), which fuse posteriorly as a tentorial bridge (tb), plus a pair of tendon­like apodemes (ta); mouth (m) opening medially in ventral plate; part of ventral plate posterior to tentorial bridge more distinctly sclerotised than anteriorly. Preoral ridge (pror) not detected.

Antennae: 9 segmented, long and filiform; all segments relatively narrow; total length 3075 m (ratio of total­body length to antennal length 1:1.45). Scape (scp): 125–150 m long, 85–90 m wide, each with 4 or 5 short hs + 1 or 2 minute pores ventrally and 1 hs dorsally. Pedicel (pdc): length 78–83 m, width 43–58 m; without reticulations or concentric ridges; each with 0–2 fs, 6 or 7 hs, 1 minute pore ventrally + a campaniform sensillum (camp) dorsally, somewhat removed from distal margin. Segments III–IX all rather long, becoming narrower towards apex, those proximally about 33–45 m wide, while apical segment only 16–25 m wide: fs short, those on segment III 25–29 m long, those on apical segment 36–40 m long; lengths of segments (m): III 393–425; IV 385–410; V 426–470; VI 476; VII 447 and VIII 370; approximate number of setae per segment: III–VIII with about 60–80 fs + 2–9 hs (satellite setae (sats) absent); no bristlelike setae detected on these segments. Segment IX elongate: length 370 m; without capitate setae (caps) but with about 60 fs + 1 strong terminal bristle (ab), about 30 m long + 1 ab laterally near apex; coeloconic sensilla (cos) not detected.

Thorax

Prothorax: mostly membranous; neck broad but with a distinct cervical groove. Dorsally without pronotal ridges (prnr) and pronotal sclerites (prn); pronotum (prn) distinct and lightly sclerotised, with (on each side) 3 hs, 3 or 4 lp + 3 or 4 msp. Posttergites (pt) each a small, lightly sclerotised, oval area situated mediolaterally. Other pronotal setae: dorsally: 1 or 2 hs anterior propleural setae (apl 1 s) + 12–20 minute pores (msp) anteriorly on shoulder; also with a group of posterior propleural setae and pores (ppl 1 s) just anterior to each prealare, extending ventrally and joining antemesospiracular setae (asp 2 s): 1 hs, 11–15 lp + 15–21 msp. Ventrally: cervical sclerites (cv) complex: anteriorly articulating with postocular ridge (pocr); posteriorly dividing into three arms, (i) a dorsal arm which forms a broad sclerotisation extending posteriorly, eventually fusing with ventral arm near precoxal ridge; probably a pleural ridge (plr 1); (ii) a thin inner arm, which only extends a short distance, present between dorsal and ventral arms anteriorly, and (iii) a ventral arm which fuses with dorsal arm posteriorly and probably represent propleural ridge (plr 1); pleural apophysis (pla 1) quite large. Sternum (stn 1) with a strongly sclerotised median ridge; transverse ridge and prosternal apophyses (sta 1) absent; with 2–4 hs prosternal setae (stn 1 s) + 4–6 lp + 2–6 msp on each side. Anteprosternal setae (astn 1 s) absent. Antemesospiracular setae (asp 2 s) fused with posterior propleural setae (ppl 1 s).

Mesothorax: dorsally: prescutum (prsc) quite large, probably rather convex, 211–220 m long, 207 m wide; sclerotised but not nodulated; mesoprephragma (phr 1) shallow; prescutal ridge (pscr) almost absent, represented by a small sclerotisation anterolaterally to prescutum; margin of prescutum posterior to pscr delineated by a short pair of convergent, unsclerotised, prescutal sutures (pscs) which do not meet medially; pscr continuous with scutum posteriorly; prescutum without prescutal setae (prscs) or pores. Scutum (sct) sclerotised throughout, without nodulations; distance between prescutum and scutellum medially 83–105 m; scutal setae (scts): with about 4 hs + 21 minute pores medially posterior to prescutum and with 0–2 hs near each lateral margin. Scutellum (scl) sub­pentagonal, 194–207 m wide, 115–125 m long; bounded anteriorly by scutoscutellar sutures (scuts); without a foramen; scutellum without setae (scls) but with 2 lp + 3 msp; posterior margin of scutellum (rd) represented by a thin ridge, extending laterally along posterior margin of scutum to postalare (pa). Mesopostnotum (pn 2) broad but short, with a rather small membranous area medially; postnotal apophyses (pn 2 a) well developed. Laterally: prealare (pra) quite long and narrow, terminating near mesepisternum (eps 2); triangular plate (tp) not apparent; tegula (teg) sclerotised, with 3 hs tegular setae (tegs) + 0 or 1 msp. Mesepisternum (eps 2) nodulated near lateropleurite; subepisternal ridge (ser) long and well developed. Mesopleural apophyses (pla 2) well developed, each generally with a small area of reticulation. Postalare (pa) without postalare setae (pas). Mesothoracic spiracle (sp 2): peritreme almost round, width 41– 44 m. Ventrally: basisternum (stn 2) well developed, 418 m wide, 244 m long; with a strong median ridge (mdr), which fades slightly posteriorly; bounded anteriorly by a narrow, strong marginal ridge (mr) which extends down lateral margins; posteriorly, basisternum with a strong precoxal ridge (pcr 2); with 5–10 hs basisternal setae (stn 2 s), distributed more or less throughout; lateropleurite (lpl) broad; furca (f) large, narrowwaisted, arms rather broad and very divergent, extending almost to marginal ridge anteriorly. Postmesospiracular setae (pm 2 s) absent.

Metathorax: dorsally: metapostnotum (pn 3) narrow but reasonably distinct across segment medially; metatergal setae (mts) in a diffuse band of 1 or 2 hs + 1–3 lp + 2–4 msp medially. Dorsospiracular setae (dss): 0 or 1 hs + 1–4 lp + 0–7 msp. Laterally: dorsal part of metapleural ridge (plr 3) well developed, articulating with hamulohaltere (h); suspensorial sclerite (ss) possibly represented by a sclerite on dorsal end of metapleural ridge. Posterior part of metapleural ridge well developed, with some "reticulations" along dorsal margin; metepisternum (eps 3) unsclerotised and without postmetaspiracular setae (eps 3 s) or pores; a weak precoxal ridge (pcr 3) extends anteromedially from posterior end of each metapleural ridge towards posterior spiracle. Metepimeron (epm 3) with a sclerotised ridge running posteriorly, without setae. Antemetaspiracular setae (am 3 s) probably absent. Metathoracic spiracle (sp 3): peritreme almost round, width 45– 50 m. Ventrally: metasternum (stn 3) large and sclerotised, broader anteriorly than posteriorly, with a large subrectangular pit centrally, with strongly sclerotised lateral margins; pit opening into well­developed metafurca; metasternal apophyses (stn 3 a) present laterally; sclerotised area with 2 or 3 hs + some msp on each side; occasionally with 1 hs anterior metasternal seta (amss) and 0 or 1 hs posterior metasternal setae (pmss) + 2 lp + 3 msp.

Wings: hyaline, 2425–2500 m long, about 725–825 m wide (ratio of length to width 1:0.31; ratio of total­body length to wing length 1:1.16), without microtrichia; with only radius (rad) and media (med) veins apparent; alar lobe (al) represented by a long fold along margin of wing; without alar setae (als) but with a line of at least 45–50 circular sensoria (sens) along posterior margin of radius, extending almost to wing tip; sensoria also in a group of 8–14 near wing sclerites at base of wing. Hamulohalteres (h) long and narrow, without microtrichia: each about 235–255 m long, 25–38 m wide; each with 2 apical hamuli (ham) placed on anterior margin at distal end of sclerotised ridge; each ham 53–58 m long.

Legs: mesothoracic shortest, others subequal in length. Fleshy setae (fs) (if present) not separable from hair­like setae (hs)). Coxae (cx): I: 149–160; II: 152–165; III: 165 m long; coxa III with about 11 setae + 7 msp; long setae on coxae not differentiated. Trochanter (tr) + femur (fm): I: 603–686; II: 527–597; III: 603–673 m long; trochanter III with about 5 setae; each trochanter with 3 campaniform sensilla (camp) arranged in a line on each side; separation of trochanter and femur distinct, almost at right angles to leg margin, probably without articulation; long trochanter seta not differentiated; femur III with about 65 setae + 17 msp. Tibia (ti): I: 844–960; II: 806–933; III: 920–1080 m; tibia III with a total of about 115 setae, these becoming spur­like on distal half to two­thirds, particular on ventral side, + 9 msp; spurs on ventral surface of distal end of tibia (tibs) similar to those more anteriorly; each distal spur 26–30 m long. Tarsi (ta): I: 222–242; II: 215–235; III: 222 m long (ratio of length of tibia III to length of tarsus III 1:0.22); tarsus III with about 34 setae, mainly spur­like; tarsal spurs (tabs) not differentiated; tarsal campaniform sensilla (camp) present and convex; tarsal digitules (tdgt) very short and setose. Claws (c) fairly long and thin, much longer than width of tarsus (each tarsus about 25 m long), held at a distinct angle to tarsus, each with a small denticle (cd); length: III: 60 m; claw digitules (cdgt) both short and setose.

Abdomen

Segments I–VII: tergites (at) lightly sclerotised; sternites (as) also lightly sclerotised but with distinct sclerotised intersegmental ridges. Caudal extensions (ce) absent. Loculate pores (lp) almost entirely absent from tergites, but a few present on sternites II–VI; also fairly numerous on all pleurites (apt). Tubular ducts (tdc) present in a band across tergite VII, each duct 11–12 m wide, 20 m deep, with a slightly spirally­ridged inner surface. Dorsal abdominal setae (ads) and pores (totals): segments I–V: 4 hs; VI: 4 hs + 0 or 1 lp + 1–4 msp; VII: about 41 hs and 46 tubular ducts (tdc). Pleural setae: dorso­ (dps) and ventropleural setae (vps) combined on each side: I–VII: 3 or 4 hs + 7–11 lp + 9–15 msp; some setae rather long, up to 65 m. Ventral abdominal setae (avs) mostly rather like fleshy setae, each 36–43 m long (totals): I: 1–3 setae, 2 lp + 5 msp; II: 4 or 5 setae, 2 hs, 7 lp + 11 msp; III–VI: 10–14 setae, 2 hs, 1–5 lp + 3–9 msp; VII: 11–18 setae, 2 hs, 0 lp + 0 msp. Abdominal spiracles (asp) present on anterodorsal part of pleurites I–VII, each peritreme about 13 m wide, opening into a narrow, inner ductule about 19 m long, before expanding into a much wider trachea.

Segment VIII: tergite (at) unsclerotised; sternite (as) lightly sclerotised but with a strongly sclerotised crescentic ridge along anterior and lateral margins, fusing with sclerotisation of penial sheath posteriorly; tergite with 1 or 2 pairs of hs dorsal abdominal setae (ads), about 80 lp and many smp; sternite with 17–22 ventral abdominal setae (avs) but no pores; caudal extension (ce) absent, margin rounded, with 2–4 hs pleural setae, 0 lp + 0–2 msp. With a pair of abdominal spiracles (asp) similar to those on more anterior abdominal segments.

Genital segment: segment X probably represented by area immediately around anus (an) dorsally; segment IX present as an area of sclerotisation around anal region and by large sclerotised sternal plate ventrally; anus large (42 m wide), with a lightly sclerotised area along anterior margin and with 1 or 2 hs on tergite IX; sternite IX with 6–10 setae + 1 or 2 smp on each side. Penial sheath (ps) as broad as posterior margin of abdominal segment VIII, short, triangular and blunt; length without segment IX 190 m, with segment IX 257 m; greatest width 174 m; ventrally and laterally with a group of 9–15 hs (pss) on each side of anterior end of penial sheath; posteriorly, nearer apex, without minute setae on either surface. Aedeagus (aed) parallel­sided anteriorly but becoming pointed posteriorly, extending to near apex of penial sheath; length about 182–191 m; with a short, differently sclerotised anterior end which may represent basal rod (bra) of other Coccoidea . Penial sheath with a small group of sensilla (psp) on ventral surface near apex on both dorsal and ventral surfaces.

Comment

In his detailed description of Orthezia urticae (L.), Koteja (1986) considered that the ocelli were composed of about 15 ommatidia. These could not be detected on the above species where the ocelli appeared to be similar to those on other Coccoidea . Other differences from Koteja’s description are (character­states of O. urticae in brackets): (i) few lateral propleural setae and loculate pores (many); (ii) loculate pores absent on abdominal tergites (present); (iii) median ridge of prosternum long and heavily sclerotised (short and relatively unsclerotised); (iv) sclerotised ridges between abdominal tergites absent (well sclerotised); (v) tubular ducts on abdominal segment VII not in a clearly sclerotised tergite (tergite distinctly sclerotised); and (vi) sternite IX divided medially by a complete media ridge (not divided). On the other hand, the Orthezia sp. from Colombia, described above, is very similar to the Orthezia sp. from Mexico, described by Koteja (1986) although, on the latter species, the median ridge of the prosternum is still poorly sclerotised and the tergite of abdominal segment VII still appears to be sclerotised. Koteja (1986) also described the adult male of Newsteadia floccosa de Geer. The adult males of these four species of ortheziid can be separated by the following key:

1. Hamulohaltere absent; long setae present on proximal parts of legs; prosternum with distinct transverse ridge; each compound eye with about 30 ommatidia; with 5 pairs of abdominal spiracles ........................................................................ Newsteadia floccosa

­ Hamulohalteres present; setae on legs all short; prosternum without a distinct transverse ridge; each compound eye with at least 100 ommatidia; with 7 pairs of abdominal spiracles .......................................................................................... Orthezia spp .... 2

2. Ninth abdominal tergite divided by a strong sclerotised median ridge......................... 3

­ Ninth abdominal tergite not divided by a strong sclerotised median ridge..................... ............................................................................................... Orthezia sp. from Mexico.

3. Loculate pores present on abdominal tergites I–VI .............................. Orthezia urticae

­ Loculate pores absent from abdominal tergites I–VI ........ Orthezia sp. from Colombia.

MATSUCOCCIDAE Morrison, 1927

This family contains one extant genus, Matsucoccus Cockerell. Morrison (1927) placed it in its own tribe, Matsucoccini . After studying the adult male of M. bisetosus Morrison, Beardsley (1968) raised the tribe to subfamily status and Koteja (1974) later raised it to family status. Gullan & Sjaarda (2001), in their study of the relationships of Platycoelostoma , found Matsucoccus and Araucaricoccus to be sister to all Margarodidae sensu Morrison except Steingeliidae . Hodgson & Foldi (2005), in their phylogenetic study based on male margarodids, considered that Matsucoccidae was sister to all Margarodidae sensu Morrison , although Steingeliidae fell in a separate clade. Below is described the adult male of M. josephi Bodenheimer & Harpaz. In addition, adult males of M. matsumurae (Kuwana) and M. feytaudi Ducasse were also seen during this study. The male of M. feytaudi was described and illustrated by Foldi (2005a).

Figures

FIGURE 6. Male Orthezia sp. Unless otherwise stated, in this and subsequent figures, the main drawing shows the dorsal surface on the left side and the ventral surface on the right side. Also A = loculate pore; B = convex pore; C = small pore; D = aedeagus; E = fleshy seta; F = body seta (generally hair­like setae); G = fleshy antennal seta; H = satellite seta; J = bifurcated seta; L = hair; M = collared seta; Q = hamulus; R = thoracic spiracle; S = abdominal spiracle; T = claw + varying lengths of metathoracic leg; U = part of antenna; V = dorsal view of posterior end of abdomen; W = ventral view of posterior end of abdomen; X = abdominal tubular ducts; Y = tibio­tarsal articulation. For abbreviations on this and subsequent figures, see Table 2.