Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata Breddin, 1905

Chen, Ping-ping, Nieser, Nico & Lapidin, Johnny, 2015, A review of Bornean Micronectidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Nepomorpha) with descriptions of two new species from Sabah, Malaysia 1, ZooKeys 501, pp. 27-62 : 45-48

Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Micronectidae

Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata Breddin, 1905 new record for Borneo Figs 5, 9, 21, 23, 29, 42, 50, 57, 65, 73, 88, 89, 97

Micronecta quadristrigata Breddin, 1905a: 57 (original description).

Micronecta quadristrigata : Breddin 1905b: 156-157 (extensive description).

Micronecta quadristrigata : Lundblad 1933: 87-191 (redescription).

Micronecta quadristrigata : Wróblewski 1960: 301-304 (additional distributional and morphological notes).

Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata : Wróblewski 1962: 176 (introducing subgenus).

Micronecta quadristrigata : Wróblewski 1968: 776 (checklist).

Micronecta quadristrigata : Wróblewski 1972: 29-133 (redefinition of species).

Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata : Jansson 1995: 34 (catalogue).

Micronecta quadristrigata Cassis & Goss, 1995: 69 (distribution in Australia)

Micronecta quadristrigata : Nieser and Chen 1999: 80 [recorded from Indonesia (Sulawesi) and Philippines (Mindanao)].

Micronecta quadristrigata : Chen et al. 2005: 420 (checklist).

Micronecta quadristrigata : Tinerella 2008: 39-145 [distribution in New Guinea Island, record from Indonesia (Moluccas)].

Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata : Linnavuori et al 2011: 77-178 (record from United Arab Emirates).

Micronecta quadristrigata : Tinerella 2013: 102 (redescription, additional records in Australia).

Micronecta (Sigmonecta) quadristrigata For a discussion on the status of Micronecta minthe Distant, 1911, which is considered by some authors as a subspecies or synonym of Micronecta quadristrigata , see Jansson (1995) and Wróblewski (1972a).

Type material examined.

Syntype, INDONESIA: "Kotype; Djokjokarta (= Yogyakarta), Java, K. Kraepelin; leg. 18.III.1904, ded. 8.VI.1904; Breddin determ.; Lundblad revid. 1934", 1f (ZMUH); syntype, INDONESIA: "Kotype; Buitenzorg (= Bogor)", 1m 1f (ZMUH).

Additional material examined.

MALAYSIA: Sabah: Kota Belud Dist., Mt. Kinabalu, pond at Kampong Kiau, 06°01.48'N, 116°29.14'E, 1003 m a.s.l., 15.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser & J. Lapidin, CN1273, 9 males, 15 females; Sabah, Kota Belud Dist., Mt. Kinabalu, Kota Belud, Head Quarter of Kinabalu Park, tributary of Sungai Kadamaian, 06°02.09'N, 116°29.39'E, 1410 m. a.s.l., 16.ix.2012, leg. P. Chen, N. Nieser & J. Lapidin, CN1275, 2 males; all macropterous (NCTN).

Redescription.

Macropterous form. Generally a medium-sized to quite large (body length reported 2.2-3.2, most specimens 2.5-3.0), yellowish to light-brown species, with four variable, indistinct, longitudinal, brown stripes on corium.

Dimensions. Length: male 2.2-2.9, female 2.5-3.2; width: male 1.07-1.15, female 1.12-1.37; diatone: male 0.83-1.12, female 0.87-1.18; width of pronotum: male 0.82-1.11, female 0.86-1.17; ocular index: male 1.20-1.55, female 1.17-2.16. Body length two and a quarter times maximal width (male 2.46/1.10, female 2.79/1.22). Head slightly wider than pronotum (male 0.89/0.88, female 0.99/0.98), synthlipsis 1.4-1.5 times as wide as the posterior margin of an eye.

Colour. Frons and vertex sordid yellow, eyes grayish. Pronotum light brown, virtually unmarked in most specimens, in some specimens, with two indistinct, usually interrupted transverse stripes, posterior margin with a poorly defined yellowish stripe. Hemelytra sordid yellow to light brown, clavus with a darker medium-brown stripe along the claval suture, and a smaller medium-brown streak near the inner angle; corium typically with four interrupted, longitudinal, medium- brown stripes (Figs 21, 23, 29), embolium with four black spots; right membrane poorly delimited from the corium, with the same colour and texture but without darker stripes; left membrane more distinctly separated from corium, hyaline and more membranous than the corium. Venter, thorax, and legs pale yellow, abdomen yellowish to light brown.

Pronotum well developed, dorsally convex with lateral margins straight or more or less truncate (Fig. 21), slightly over 2.5 times as wide as long (W/L male 0.88/0.34, female 0.98/0.37). Hemelytra smooth, beset with numerous small but distinct spinules. Spines laterally on abdominal segments: V with three short and one longer stout spine; VI with two short and two long spines; VII four short and one long stout spine; VIII with six short to longer, stout spines and one long hair-like bristle.

Leg. Length of leg segments: fore leg: male: femur 0.38, tibia 0.16, pala 0.16; female: femur 0.38, tibiotarsus 0.36; middle leg: male: femur 0.89, tibia 0.26, tarsus 0.38, claw 0.34, female; femur 0.98, tibia 0.28, tarsus 0.41, claw 0.3; hind leg: male: femur 0.58, tibia 0.42, tarsus I 0.42, tarsus II 0.19, claw 0.10; female: femur 0.62, tibia 0.46, tarsus I 0.46, tarsus II 0.21, claw 0.12. Palmar bristles: 14 to 15 in upper row, 11 to 12 in lower row.

Male. Fore femur (Fig. 42) with a pair of pegs in proximal third, two (in some specimens only one) small pegs about midway dorsally and a small peg dorsodistally; tibia with a larger peg subventrally on apical third and two small dorsoapical pegs; pala with four long dorsal hairs, distal bristle of lower row much stouter and longer than other lower bristles. Claw plump, clavate. Dorsum of abdomen: prestrigilar lobe with a short, broadly rounded apex, strigil (Fig. 57) sub-oval, comb with about 25 long teeth, free lobe of left part of tergite VIII (Fig. 73) sigmoid-shaped. Left paramere (Fig. 89) with a wide shaft, apex sickle-shaped; right paramere in lateral view (Fig. 88) with an evenly curved shaft, basal lobe strongly developed with about 50 stridulatory ridges; in dorsolateral view, the shaft is somewhat sinuous. Mediocaudal lobe of sternite VII (Fig. 65), long, with apical part elongate and obtusely rounded apically, without larger bristles.

Female. Fore femur with the same general arrangement of pegs and setae as in male. The seminal capsule of spermatheca elongate-clavate (Fig. 97).

Notes.

Micronecta quadristrigata might have an even broader range of size variation. Wróblewski (1960a) reported that females had a length up to 3.3 mm from Hong Kong, and Leong (1966) measured females with a length up to 3.4 mm from the Malay Peninsula. However, we have never seen specimens with a length over 3.1 mm.

Comparative notes.

See discussion under Micronecta kymatista .

Habitat.

Various stagnant and slowly flowing waters, especially in agricultural fields, including rice fields.

Distribution.

Widely spread through South and Southeast Asia to Hong Kong and Taiwan, and through Indonesia to the Philippines, New Guinea, and N. Australia; United Arab Emirates ( Linnavuori et al 2011), Iran ( Wróblewski 1960), India ( Hutchinson 1940), Sri Lanka ( Wróblewski 1964), Thailand ( Wróblewski 1972), Vietnam ( Wróblewski 1962), southern China, including Taiwan ( Wróblewski 1968, 1972), West Malaysia ( Leong 1966), Indonesia ( Breddin 1905a, Lundblad 1933, Nieser and Chen 1999, Tinerella 2013), Philippines ( Polhemus and Reisen 1976, Nieser and Chen 1999), New Guinea ( Tinerella 2008), and Australia ( Cassis and Gross 1995, Tinerella 2013).