Ipomoea incarnata (Vahl) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle

Wood, John R. I., Munoz-Rodriguez, Pablo, Williams, Bethany R. M. & Scotland, Robert W., 2020, A foundation monograph of Ipomoea (Convolvulaceae) in the New World, PhytoKeys 143, pp. 1-823 : 1

355. Ipomoea incarnata (Vahl) Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 359. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 359)

Convolvulus incarnatus Vahl , Eclog. 2: 12. 1798. (Vahl 1798: 12). Type. CURAÇAO. Von Rohr (lectotype C10009675, designated by Wood et al. 2015: 33).

Ipomoea monosperma Spreng. ex Choisy in A.P. de Candolle , Prodr. 9: 382. 1845. (Choisy 1845: 382). Type. COLOMBIA. Santa Marta, C.L.G. Bertero s.n. (holotype TO).

Ipomoea linearifolia Hook. f., Trans. Linn. Soc., London 20: 204. 1847. (Hooker, JD 1847: 204). Type. ECUADOR. Galápagos Islands, C. Darwin s.n. (holotype K00612875).

Ipomoea kinbergii Andersson , Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm 1853: 212. 1855. (Andersson 1855: 212). Type. ECUADOR. Galápagos Islands, Andersson s.n. (holotype S12-2024, isotype BR).

Ipomoea hilarifolia Rusby, Descr. S. Amer. Pl. 103. 1920. (Rusby 1920: 103). Type. COLOMBIA. Santa Marta, H.H. Smith 2109 (holotype NY00319192, isotypes BM, E, K, L, MICH, P, U, WIS).

Type.

Based on Convolvulus incarnatus Vahl

Description.

Creeping (rarely twining) perennial herb, stems glabrous. Leaves petiolate, 3.5-6 × 1-2 cm, deltoid, acute and apiculate, base sagittate with wide-spreading, usually acute auricles to hastate, both surfaces glabrous, abaxially paler, somewhat reticulate; petioles 1-3 cm. Inflorescence of 1(-2) shortly pedunculate flowers; peduncles 0.6-1.7 cm; bracteoles minute, filiform, caducous; pedicels 2.2-4 cm, prominently nerved; sepals subequal, 17-21 × 4-5 mm, lanceolate, acuminate to a fine aristate point, glabrous, chartaceous, veins prominent, inner sepals with scarious margins; corolla 7-8 cm long, funnel-shaped, pink, glabrous, limb 6-7 cm diam. Capsules ovoid, 9-10 mm long, glabrous; seeds 4-5 mm long, shortly pubescent.

Illustration.

Figures 5E , 170 .

Distribution.

An indicator of very arid scrub, occurring in disjunct areas of South America, perhaps most common in the caatinga of the Brazilian state of Bahia.

BRAZIL. Caatinga region of the north east. Bahia: 21 km S of N. Senhora, dos Milagres, A. Krapovickas 10086 (CTES); Bom Jesus da Lapa, R.M. Harley et al. 21571 (CEPEC, K, NY); Ibotirama, L. Coradin et al. 6574 (CEN, K, MO); H.S. Irwin 32640 (NY). Ceará: Est. Eco. Aiuaba, J.R. Lemos et al. 235 (EAC, K); ibid., 240 (K). Pernambuco: E.M. Carneiro 29 (ASE). Rio Grande do Norte: Ceará-Mirim, A.B. Jardim 315 (UFRN); Mossoró, Chapada do Apodi, G.C. Pinto 336/83 (RB). Roraima: Cantá, R.C. Forzza 8336 (RB). Sergipe: São Miguel do Aleixo, G. Viana 1589 (ASE).

BOLIVIA. Very arid Andean valleys. Cochabamba: Campero, c. 3 km east of Peña Colorada, J.R.I. Wood 20382 (BOLV, K, LPB). Tarija: Gran Chaco, between Villamontes and Palos Blancos, J.R.I. Wood et al. 27597 (OXF, LPB, USZ).

PERU. Common in coastal desert. Arequipa: Caravelí, Martinet 346 (P). Cajamarca: Río Chamaya, T. Croat 58371 (MO, USM). La Libertad: M. Morales et al. 3844 (USM). Lambayeque: Portachuelo de Olmos, R. Ferreyra 17785 (MO). Lima: E. Asplund 10886 (S); D. Stafford 44 (K); C. Vargas 4777 (CUZ); Chosica to Matacuna, Y. Mexia 4091 (MO). Piura: Talara, A. Sagástegui 10915 (MO, NY). Tumbes: Cancas, A. Weberbauer 7755 (BM, S).

ECUADOR. Galápagos: F.R. Fosberg 44927 (K, MO); H. H. Van der Werff 1082 (K, S); G. Harling 5528 (S). Guayas: Chanduy, R. Spruce 6500 (BM, K); E. Asplund 5640 (S); G. Harling 3109 (MO, S); L.B. Holm-Nielsen 2144 (AAU, F, MO). Loja: Zapotepampa, B. Merino et al. 4866 (LOJA).

COLOMBIA. Common in the arid NE coastal area. Bolívar: Cartagena, Mamonal, R. Alvarado 85 (COL). Cesar: Poponte, C. Allen 920 (K). La Guajira: M.T. Dawe 574 (K); Riohacha, O. Haught 4425 (COL, K); J. Cuatrecasas 25439 (COL). Magdalena: Santa Marta, H.H. Smith 1566 (K). Norte de Santander: Cúcuta-La Garrita, R. Echeverry 320 (COL).

VENEZUELA. Anzoátegui: 15 km E of Piritú, T. Croat 54391 (MO). Carabobo: Valencia-Maracay, A.H.G. Alston 6296 (BM, S); Mérida: Los Guaimaros, L.E. Ruiz-Terán et al. 12644 (MO). Sucre: Las Gonzales, L.J. Dorr & L.C. Barnett 7670 (NY); Playa Cachimena, J. Steyermark 108168 (MO). Táchira: J.A. Steyermark et al. 120210 (MO). Zulia: L. Aristeguieta 4955 (MO).

NETHERLANDS ANTILLES: Aruba: A.L. Stoffers 1999 (K, NY). Bonaire: H. G. Hallier 7108 (NY). Curaçao: E.P. Killip 21043 (NY).

Note.

A very distinct species quite unlike any other, and easily recognised by the elongate, lanceolate, finely acute sepals which are very prominently veined. Ipomoea linearifolia represents a form in which the leaf is reduced to a linear blade.

Figures

Figure 5. Sepals of Ipomoea species. A Ipomoea descolei B I. paraguariensis C I. australis D I. purpurea (left), I. nil (right) E I. incarnata F I. pintoi G I. maurandioides H I. pubescens. Photographs of A by Hector Keller; B and G by T. Carruthers; C (Wood et al. 27708); E (Wood 27756) and H (Wood 27675) by Beth Williams; D by John Pink; F (Queiroz 15956) by Hibert Huaylla.

Figure 170. Ipomoea incarnata. A habit B leaf C adaxial leaf surface D abaxial leaf surface E outer sepal F inner sepal G corolla opened up to show stamens. Drawn by Eliana Calzadilla from Wood et al. 28031.