Symplectoscyphus liouvillei ( Billard, 1914 )

Peña, Álvaro L., 2010, On a new Antarctic species of Symplectoscyphus Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Sertulariidae), with an annotated checklist of the Antarctic species of the genus, Zootaxa 2494, pp. 29-44 : 38

Symplectoscyphus liouvillei ( Billard, 1914)

Sertularella liouvillei Billard 1914: 24 –26, figs 14, 15.

Symplectoscyphus liouvillei – Stechow 1922: 148; 1923: 172; Gravier-Bonnet 1979: 52; Blanco 1982: 41; Vervoort 1993: 240; Peña Cantero et al. 2002: 1540 –1545, figs. 8–10; Peña Cantero 2006: 943, fig. 4I; 2008: 461, fig. 2i; Peña Cantero & Gili 2006: 768.

Sertularella (Symplectoscyphus) liouvillei – Broch 1948: 5, 9–13, fig. 3b–d [in part, part belongs to S. cumberlandicus ( Jäderholm, 1905) ].

? Sertularella liouvillei – Stepanjants 1972: 71, fig. 46; 1979: 80, pl. 14, fig. 2.

Sertularella aggregata – Stepanjants 1979: 82, pl. 15, fig. 2A, B.

Lafoea weddelli Blanco 1991: 12 –13, fig. 3.

Ecology. Shelf species, collected at depths from 65 ( Peña Cantero 2008) to 443 m (Peña Cantero 2006). On bottoms of mud and gravel ( Billard 1914; Broch 1948). Epilithic on gravel and rocks ( Stepanjants 1979) and stones (Peña Cantero 2006). Used as substratum by other hydroids ( Peña Cantero et al. 2002). Gonothecae: January ( Peña Cantero et al. 2002), February ( Stepanjants 1979; Peña Cantero et al. 2002) and March ( Stepanjants 1979).

Distribution. West-Antarctic-Patagonian. Antarctic waters: King George Island ( Billard 1914) and Livingston Island (Peña Cantero 2006; 2008), in the South Shetland Islands, Bouvet Island ( Broch 1948), the South Orkney Islands ( Stepanjants 1979) and in the Weddell Sea, at 76º43'S, 50º29'W ( Blanco 1991) and the south and east coasts ( Peña Cantero et al. 2002). Sub-Antarctic waters: Falkland Islands ( Stepanjants 1979).