Ancyrona Reitter, 1876

Kolibac, Jiri, 2013, Trogossitidae: A review of the beetle family, with a catalogue and keys, ZooKeys 366, pp. 1-194 : 110-116

Genus Ancyrona Reitter, 1876 Figs 2 , 11 ; Map 12

Ancyrona Reitter, E. 1876: 51.

Type species.

Ancyrona lewisi Reitter, 1876 [designated by Kolibáč 1993]

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25. Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 83. Matthews, E. G. 1992: 3 (key, Australia). Kolibáč, J. 2005: 45. Kolibáč, J. 2006: 111 (phylogeny). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Kolibáč, J. & Zaitsev, A. A. (2010): 55 (larva)

Latolaeva Reitter, 1876 (Type species: Latolaeva ferrarii Reitter, 1876; designated by Kolibáč 2005)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25. Kolibáč, J. 2005: 63. Kolibáč, J. 2006: 111 (phylogeny). Kolibáč 2007b: 54 (synonymized). Reitter, E. 1876: 49

Description.

Body size: 3.1-8.0 mm. Body shape flat. Gular sutures narrow, subparallel at apex. Frontoclypeal suture present or broadly emarginate. Frons: longitudinal groove or depression absent. Cranium ventrally: tufts of long setae at sides present. Submentum: ctenidium absent. Antennal groove present. Eyes: size large, lateral. Eyes number: two. Epicranial acumination absent. Lacinial hooks: two. Galea: shape sub-clavate. Galea: ciliate setae absent. Mediostipes-Lacinia not fused. Palpifer: outer edge even. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Mola absent. Penicillus (at base) long setae. Pubescence above mola or cutting edge absent. Ventral furrow absent. Basal notch shallow or absent. Labrum-Cranium not fused. Epipharyngial sclerite absent. Lateral tormal process: projection projection not developed (all remaining). Ligula: ciliate setae absent. Ligula membranous, not retroflexed, weakly emarginate. Hypopharyngeal sclerite H-shaped. Antenna 10-segmented. Antennal club weakly asymmetrical, sensorial fields absent. Front coxal cavities externally open, internally open. Pronotum transverse. Prepectus present. Middle coxal cavities open. Elytra: long hairs absent. Epipleuron moderate. Elytral interlocking mechanism absent, carinae conspicuous. Elytral punctation regular, scales present. Wing: radial cell oblong (or reduced) or cell moved down, often small, wedge cell absent, cross vein MP3-4 present, cross vein AA1+2-3+4 absent. Front tibiae: spines along side moderate. Hooked spur present. Claws: denticle absent. Parasternites number along ventrites III-VII: one. Spiculum gastrale absent. Tegmen composed of two or three parts. Coxitae undivided.

Larva Ancyrona diversa Pic, 1921 ( Kolibáč and Zaitsev 2010): Frontal arms Y-shaped. Epicranial stem minute, nearly absent. Endocarina present. Gular sutures conspicuous, convergent. Gula: anterior apodemes absent. Paragular sclerites absent. Hypostomal rods present. Stemmata number: two. Mandibular apical teeth number: two, horizontally situated. Lacinia mandibulae plumose. Mola absent. Maxillary palpi 3-segmented. Palpifer present. Pedunculate seta present. Mala simple. Mala: bidentate protrusion absent. Cardo-Stipes not fused. Cardo: size nearly as large as stipes. Ligula present. Labial palpi 2-segmented. Prementum in two parts, anterior margin even. Torma: two separate lateral sclerites and plate between them. Antennal joints 1, 2 elongate. Sensory appendix longer than half of joint 3. Thoracic sclerites pattern (dorsally) 1-2-0. Thoracic sclerites pattern (ventrally) 1-0-0. Trochanter oblong. Abdominal segment IX transversely divided. Tergite IX flat. Urogomphi present, hooked; median process present.

Biology.

Predatory. Adults can be beaten from dry branches or individually collected on fallen timber, where they hunt for other insects.

Distribution.

Africa in the south of Sahara, eastern Asia (from India to Japan and Russian Far East), Australia: Queensland, New South Wales (types of Ancyrona aegra , Ancyrona amica , Ancyrona latebrosa , Ancyrona laticeps , Ancyrona vesca checked), New Guinea (including undescribed species). Strangely enough, one Japanese species, Ancyrona japonica , was introduced to Europe and first recorded in Hungary ("Visegrad 1904"). It has now been collected several times in adjacent Slovakia, on branches of decaying oak. Two Tertiary fossil species are known from European Eocene.

Species groups

In a review of Afrocyrona and Ancyrona , I divided the latter genus in several informal species groups ( Kolibáč 2007b). They are listed below together with a short diagnosis, although not all Ancyrona species are classified within the particular groups. This is only the first attempt to classify the rich and complex genus, so a monophyly of these groups should be checked and tried, then the groups may be established at the rank of subgenera).

lewisi species-group

Species. Ancyrona lewisi , Ancyrona shibatai , Ancyrona haroldi , and numerous undescribed species from south and eastern Asia and New Guinea.

Distribution. Japan, China, southeastern Asia.

Diagnosis. Small, flat, broad, oval species. Dorsal surface with colour pattern formed by scales or rigid decumbent setae.

gabonica species-group

Species. Ancyrona gabonica , Ancyrona ferrarii , Ancyrona vicina , Ancyrona bivittata , Ancyrona feai , Ancyrona incensa , Ancyrona martini , Ancyrona plana , and numerous undescribed species from eastern Asia and tropical Africa. Australian species Ancyrona aegra , Ancyrona amica , Ancyrona latebrosa , Ancyrona laticeps , Ancyrona vesca probably also belong to the group.

Distribution. Tropical Africa, south-eastern Asia and probably Australia.

Diagnosis. Extremely flat, broad, oval species without scales and lacking decumbent pubescence on dorsal surface; dorsal side quite bare or with inconspicuous or erect pubescence. Some species with longitudinal colour stripes on elytra; stripes not formed by pubescence or scales. Antennal club very loose, nearly serrate. Tegmen composed of two or three parts.

japonica species-group

Species. Ancyrona japonica , Ancyrona diversa .

Distribution. Japan, northern China, Ussuri. Ancyrona japonica also spread to south-eastern and central Europe (from Bulgaria through Hungary to Slovakia); first European record in 1904.

Diagnosis. Rather elongate unicolorous species with long, soft pubescence on dorsal surface. Tegmen composed of 1 or 2 parts (parameral piece fused with phallobase), male abdominal segments IX-X more or less reduced.

colobicoides species-group

Species. Ancyrona colobicoides , Ancyrona fairmairei , Ancyrona kosnovskorum (syn. fairmairei?), Ancyrona minor .

Distribution. Madagascar.

Diagnosis. Flat, elongate species with conspicuously elevate eyes and compact 3-segmented club. Yellowish elytra with dark black-brown pattern (stripes, spots), pubescence short and decumbent. Primitive tegmen composed of three parts. Elytra with distinct carinae. One specimen known to me from Madagascan copal (Cap d’Ambre).

endroedyi species-group

Species. Ancyrona endroedyi , Ancyrona muellerae , Ancyrona caffra (?).

Distribution. South Africa.

Diagnosis. Body quite elongate (as in japonica group), with long, soft, erect hairs or short, decumbent, scale-like setae. Dorsal surface unicolorous or with pattern formed by pubescence. Radial cell completely or partly reduced. Tegmen composed of two or three parts. Elytra with more or less conspicuous carinae.

Species:

Ancyrona aegra Olliff, 1885; "Nov. Gal. mer." (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona amica Olliff, 1885; S Australia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona andrewesi Léveillé, 1907; India (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona aurora Léveillé, 1899; Congo gall. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona bivittata Léveillé, 1899; Cameroon (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25 ( Latolaeva bivittata Léveillé, 1899). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (comb.; transferred from Latolaeva to gabonica -group)

Ancyrona blaisei Léveillé, 1907; Tonkin (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona bouchardi Léveillé, 1902; Sumatra (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona brasilica Perty, 1830; Brazil: Minas Geraes (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25 ( Latolaeva brasilica Perty, 1830)

Note: Cleroidea ? (see Reitter 1876: 51).

Ancyrona brunnea Léveillé, 1905; India (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona brunneolimbata Léveillé, 1905; Fernando Po (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona caffra Reitter, 1876; Cap (AL)

Reitter, E. 1876: 52. Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona cassidoides Reitter, 1876; Malacca (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25 ( Latolaeva cassidoides Reitter, 1876). Reitter, E. 1876: 50 ( Latolaeva cassidoides Reitter, 1876)

Ancyrona ciliata Murray, 1867; Old Calabar (Nigeria) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25 (transferred from Peltis to Ancyrona ). Reitter, E. 1876: 53 ( Peltis )

Ancyrona colobicoides Fairmaire, 1868; Madagascar (AL, confirmed JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 30 ( Ostoma (s.str.)). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 57 (comb.; transferred from Ostoma to colobicoides -group)

Note: maybe conspecific with Ancyrona kosnovskorum .

Ancyrona congolensis Léveille, 1905; Congo gall. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona crenata Murray, 1867; Old Calabar (Nigeria) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Reitter, E. 1876: 54 ( Peltis )

Ancyrona diversa Pic, 1921; E Siberia (Ussuri) (JK)

Pic, M. 1921: 1 ( Ostoma ). Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 17 (comb.; transferred from Ostoma to Ancyrona ). Kolibáč, J. 1999b: 12 (morphology). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (distribution). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 56 (shifted to japonica -group). Kolibáč, J & Zaitsev, A. A. 2010: 53 (larva)

Ancyrona elongata Léveille, 1905; India (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona endroedyi Kolibáč, 2007; SA: Transvaal (JK)

Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 58

† Ancyrona eocenica Schmied, Wappler & Kolibáč, 2009; Germany; Tertiary: middle Eocene

Schmied, H. et al. 2009: 18

Ancyrona extensa Reitter, 1877; Bolivia: Bogota (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona fairmairei Léveillé, 1903; Madagascar (AL, confirmed JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 30 ( Ostoma (s.str.)). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 58 (comb.; transferred from Ostoma to colobicoides -group)

Ancyrona feai Léveillé, 1905; Congo gall., Cameroon (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (shifted to Ancyrona gabonica -group)

Ancyrona ferrarii Reitter, 1876; Batchian Ins. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25 ( Latolaeva ). Kolibáč, J. 2005: 63 ( Latolaeva ; redescription). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (comb.; transferred from Latolaeva to gabonica -group). Reitter, E. 1876: 50 ( Latolaeva )

Ancyrona francoisi Léveillé, 1907; Tonkin (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona fryi Léveillé, 1899; Assam, Perak, Sumatra (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona gabonica Léveillé, 1899; Congo gall. (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (shifted to gabonica -group)

Ancyrona gestroi Reitter, 1880; Australia, New Guinea (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona grouvellei Léveille, 1899; Détr. Torres (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona haroldi Reitter, 1877; Japan (AL, confirmed JK)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Esaki, T. et al. 1951: 1062. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 54 (shifted to lewisi -group). Nakane, T. et al. 1963: 181

Ancyrona higonia Lewis, 1894; Japan (AL)

Nakane, T. et al. 1963: 182 ( Ostoma )

Note: combined with Ancyrona here according to a photograph in Nakane, T. et al. (1963).

Ancyrona horni Léveillé, 1902; Sri Lanka (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona incensa Oliff, 1883; Malacca (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25 ( Latolaeva ). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (comb.; transferred from Latolaeva to gabonica -group

Ancyrona indica Léveillé, 1907; India (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona japonica Reitter, 1889; Asia: Japan; Europe: Bulgaria?, Czechia, Hungary (JK)

Reitter, E. 1889: 15 ( Ostoma ). Léveillé, A. 1910: 31 ( Ostoma ). Esaki, T. et al. 1951: 1062 ( Grynocharis ;comb.). Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 18 (comb.; transferred from Grynocharis to Ancyrona ). Kolibáč, J. 1993b: 90 (check-list). Kolibáč, J. 1999: 12 (morphology). Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365 (distribution). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 56 (shifted to japonica -group). Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 84 ( Grynocharis ). Nakane, T. et al. 1963: 182 ( Grynocharis )

Ancyrona javanica Léveille, 1905; Java (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona kosnovskorum Kolibáč, 2005; Madagascar (JK)

Kolibáč, J. 2005: 46. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 58 (shifted to colobicoides -group)

Note: maybe synonym of Ancyrona colobicoides .

Ancyrona lanuginosa Motschulsky, 1863; Sri Lanka (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Reitter, E. 1876: 52

Ancyrona latebrosa Olliff, 1885; Queensland (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona laticeps Olliff, 1885; Queensland, Nov. Gall. mer. (=NSW?) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona lewisi Reitter, 1876; Japan (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Kolibáč, J. 1993a: 16. Kolibáč, J. 2005: 45. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 54 (shifted to lewisi -group). Lafer, G. Sh. 1992: 84. Reitter, E. 1876: 52

Ancyrona maculipennis Kraatz, 1878; S Africa (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona martini Léveille, 1899; Natal (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (shifted to gabonica -group)

Ancyrona minor Fairmaire, 1900; Madagascar (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 31 ( Ostoma (s.str.)). Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 58 (comb.; transferred from Ostoma to colobicoides -group)

Ancyrona muellerae Kolibáč, 2007; SA: Transvaal (JK)

Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 59 ( Ancyrona endroedyi -group)

Ancyrona nigrita J. Thomson, 1858; Gabon (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Reitter, E. 1876: 53 ( Peltis )

Ancyrona obscura Léveille, 1899; Sumatra, Ternate (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona orbicularis Léveille, 1894; Sumatra, Ternate (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona ovalis M’Leay, 1825; Borneo, Java (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25. Reitter, E. 1876: 49 (comb.; transferred from Peltis to Latolaeva )

Ancyrona plana Léveille, 1902; E Africa (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (shifted to gabonica -group)

Ancyrona pryeri Olliff, 1883; Borneo (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona pygmea Léveille, 1907; Argentina (?) (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona quadrimaculata Reitter, 1877; Malacca (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 25

Ancyrona reitteri Olliff, 1883; New Guinea, Ins. Aru (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona rufolineata Léveille, 1899; Cameroon (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona shibatai Nakane, 1963; Japan (varA)

Nakane, T. 1963: 46. Kolibáč, J. 2007a: 365. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 54 (shifted to lewisi -group). Nakane, T. et al. 1963: 182

Ancyrona simoni Reitter, 1880; Ashantee (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona soror Léveille, 1902; Sumatra (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26

Ancyrona subrotundata Motschulsky, 1863; Sri Lanka (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 26. Reitter, E. 1876: 53 ( Ostoma )

Ancyrona vesca Olliff, 1885; Australia (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27

Ancyrona vicina Léveille, 1899; Cameroon (AL)

Léveillé, A. 1910: 27. Kolibáč, J. 2007b: 55 (shifted to gabonica -group)

Figures

Figure 2. Larval morphology: A Tenebroides " fuscus ", dorsal surface B Tenebroides " fuscus ", mandible ventrally C Lophocateres pusillus, mandible ventrally D Tenebroides " fuscus ", head ventrally E-F Peltis ferruginea, head capsule (E dorsally F ventrally) G Ancyrona diversa (1 dorsally 2 ventrally) H Peltis ferruginea (1 dorsally 2 ventrally).

Figure 11. A Ancyrona (syn. Latolaeva) bivittata B Ancyrona vicina C Ancyrona kosnovskorum (= fairmairei?) D Ancyrona sp., lewisi - group, Malaysia E Ancyrona japonica, Slovakia F Ancyrona gabonica G Leptonyxa fairmairei H Neaspis variegata.

Map 12. A distribution of the tribe Ancyronini.