Brachystethus cribrus ( Fabricius, 1781 )

Barcellos, Aline & Grazia, Jocélia, 2003, Revision Of Brachystethus (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae), Iheringia, Série Zoologia 93 (4), pp. 413-446 : 424-427

Brachystethus cribrus ( Fabricius, 1781)

( Figs. 6 , 16, 26 , 36 , 46 , 58 , 68 )

Cimexcribrum FABRICIUS, 1781:357; 1794:117; GMELIN, 1793:2152.

Edessa cribrum ; FABRICIUS, 1803:154; BURMEISTER, 1835:356.

Brachystethus cribrum ; AMYOT & SERVILLE, 1843:161; HERRICH- SCHÄFFER, 1845:1, fig. 788; DALLAS, 1851:337; HERRICH- SCHÄFFER, 1853:310; SIGNORET, 1851:344; WALKER, 1868:455; STÅL, 1872:48; LETHIERRY & SEVERIN, 1893:187 (cat.); KIRKALDY, 1909:152 (cat.); PIRÁN, 1956:31.

Brachystethus cribrus ; FROESCHNER, 1981:69 (cat.).

Typematerial. Holotype, labeled: Cimexcribrum F., det. P.H. V. Doesburg ( ZMUC). The holotype of C. cribrum had been considered lost by the curator of ZMUC. ZIMSEN (1964) lists three syntypes of Cimex geniculatus and none of C. cribrum . The exam of one of the supposed syntypes of C. geniculatus showed that it had been identified as C. cribrum by Peter Von Doesburg, from Leiden Museum. In fact, this specimen presents the apex of femoraand the base of tibiae yellowish, aswell asyellowish spotson abdomen, fitting the Fabricius description of C. cribrum (“abdominis punctis genubusque flavis...”), that may indicate a mistake on the organization of Fabricius types, previously to ZIMSEN (1964) catalog. Thus, this specimen is here considered the holotype of Brachystethus cribrus . Typelocality: Suriname.

Description. Dorsal surfacedark reddish-castaneous, witha thin marginal yellowish stripe ( fig. 6). Head dark-castaneous, sometimes with yellow margin; wrinkles conspicuous. Punctures of median stripe sparse, more frequent on 1+1 semi-circular stripes and jugae. Antennae dark-castaneous to black; fourth antennal segment medially swollen, with longitudinal sulcus. Second antennal segment one and a half to almost twice as long as first; second and third subequal, fourth more than twice as long as third; fifth the longest, slightly longer than fourth. Pronotum dark reddish-castaneous, with yellowish stripe on anterolateral margins. Surface rugose; coarse punctures behind cicatrices, sparse over the disc. Punctures fine among the coarser ones, concentrated before cicatrices. Scutellum reddish-castaneous with coarse punctures more frequent on basal 2/3. Corium reddish-castaneous withyellowish callus lateral and entad theapex of radial vein. Ventral surface of thorax dark reddish-castaneous with medium-sized punctures. Ostiolar rugae extending by 2/3 of distance between inner margin of ostiolum and lateral margin of metapleura. Metasternum, in profile, strongly elevated anteriorly.

Legs dark-castaneous, yellowish at apex of femora and base of tibiae. Connexival segments dark- to reddish-castaneous, narrowly bordered with yellow or light reddishcastaneous, over marginal sixth of each segment. Punctures fine, more concentrated entad to this stripe. Venter dark-castaneous, lateral margins with yellowish subcaloused stripe. Entad to spiracles, two longitudinal series of rounded yellow spots, one per segment, disposed in two rows: one lateral, on sternites III to VII and one median on sternites III to VI. This pattern varies intraspecifically; in some specimens, the external line presents two spots per segment on sternites III to VI. In some darker specimens, the spots may become less visible. Punctures fine, more concentrated along posteriormargin of sternites and on lateral thirds of venter. Spiracles yellowish-castaneous to black.

Male genitalia. Pygophore trapezoidal, wider apically. Lobes of dorsal rim inconspicuous. Genital cup processes broadly visible dorsally ( figs. 16, 26). Parameres distally wide ( fig. 46). Ventral rim broadly V-shaped ( fig. 36).

Measurements (n=10). Headlength 1.90 (1.76-2.04) ± 0.09, width 2.98 (2.88-3.08) ± 0.07; interoculardistance 1.50 (1.44-1.60) ± 0.07; anteocularlength 0.65 (0.56-0.72) ± 0.05; lengthof antennalsegments: I - 0.90 (0.80-0.96) ± 0.05; II - 1.32 (1.04-1.52) ± 0.13; III - 1.44 (1.36-1.60) ± 0.09; IV - 3.07 (2.64-3.68) ± 0.32; V - 3.42 (2.96-4.08) ± 0.33; pronotallength 3.97 (3.67-4.26) ± 0.18, width 9.53 (9.19-10.02) ± 0.27; scutellarlength 6.45 (6.18-6.68) ± 0.20, width 6.04 (5.68-6.51) ± 0.22; coriumlength 8.98 (8.52-9.35) ± 0.32; abdominalwidth 10.30 (9.77-11.02) ± 0.39; totallength 14.14 (13.53-14.78) ± 0.44.

Female genitalia. Posterior borders of gonocoxites 8 straight over laterotergites 9. Sutural borders of gonocoxites 8 parallel ( fig. 58). Gonocoxites 9 about three timeswider across arms apices than long medially; anterior border broadly U-shaped. Arms of gonocoxites 9 short, length equal to 1/6 of plate width. Thickening of vaginal intima ogival. Ductus receptaculi thin after vesicular area; slightly more than one and a half longer before than after this area. Capsula seminalis elliptical. Annular crests convergent ( fig. 68).

Measurements (n=10). Headlength 2.11 (2.00-2.40) ± 0.12, width 3.20 (3.04-3.36) ± 0.09; interoculardistance 1.66 (1.60-1.76) ± 0.07; anteocularlength 0.68 (0.56-0.80) ± 0.07; lengthof antennalsegments: I - 0.85 (0.72-1.12) ± 0.11; II - 1.49 (1.28-1.68) ± 0.14; III - 1.60 (1.48-1.76) ± 0.09; IV - 3.39 (2.88-3.64) ± 0.25; V - 3.67 (3.20-3.92) ± 0.25; pronotallength 4.79 (4.18-6.18) ± 0.58, width 10.69 (9.85-11.61) ± 0.51; scutellarlength 7.37 (6.68-7.85) ± 0.35, width 6.81 (6.26-7.35) ± 0.31; coriumlength 10.14 (9.27-10.69) ± 0.57; abdominal width 11.92 (11.02-12.86) ± 0.62; totallength 16.22 (14.86-17.62) ± 0.83.

Material examined. GUYANA,,, 1943, Bartlett col. ( BMNH 1943-60, 1009 ) ;,, 20.II.1937, R. Pomaron & A.S. Pinkus ( AMNH) ; Kartabo ( Distrito Bartica ),, 1922 ( BMNH 1954- 631 ) ; 3, 4, 13.VI, 16, 30.VII, 11.VIII.1922, M.D. Haviland, d.d. Collegium Newnhamense ( BMNH 1954-631 ) . SURINAME, Brokopondo: Brownsberg, 3, 3, 19-21.VIII.1975, L.H. Rolston ( DARC) ; Brownsberg Nat. Pk.,, 19-22.VII.1975, D. Engleman ( AMNH) . VENEZUELA, Amazonas: Santa Lucía ,, 15-21.XI.1982, A. Chacon & G.Yepes ( IZAV) . BRAZIL, Amazonas: Tefé ,, Raulin , Thayer Expedition ( AMNH) ; Benjamin Constant ( Rio Javari ),, 3, 1.II-15.III.1942, August Rabaut ( AMNH) ; Rio Caiary-Uaupes ,, 1906, H. Schmidt ( AMNH) ; Rio Negro ( Tupurumara ),, 9.II.1963, J. & B. Bechyné ( MPEG) ; Pará: Peixe-Boi ,, 14.IV.1977, W. L. Overal. ( MPEG) ;,, P. Waldir ( MPEG) ; Jacareacanga ,, X.69, R. Barbosa ( AMNH) ; Itaituba ( Santarensinho , Rio Tapajós ), 2,, V.1962, Dirings ( MZSP) ; Santa Maria do Guamá ,, 2, 26.II.1987, P. Tadeu, J. Dias ( MPEG) ; , 26.II.1987 ( MPEG) ; Belém ( Mocambo ), 2, 21.XII.1978, A. Ramos ( MPEG) ; Óbidos (bx/ Amazonas),, Dirings ( MZSP) ; Bujaru ,, 20.IV.1979, R.B. Neto ( MPEG) ; Maranhão: Alto Turiaçu ( Aldeia Gurupluna ),, 19-22.II.1990, Helder Queiroz ( MPEG) ; Mato Grosso: 10 o 25’S 59 o 28’W (300m),, 17-22.III.1977, D. Engleman ( AMNH) ; Rondônia: Ariquemes (62 Km SW, Fazenda Rancho Grande ),, 6-15.XII.1990, D.A. Rider & J.E. Eger ( DARC) ; (Linea C-20, 7 Km E. B-65),, 11-22.XI.1991, T.J. Riley ( DARC) ; Ouro Preto do Oeste ( Reserva INPA ),, 26.III.1985, F.F. Ramos ( MPEG) ; Vilhena ,, 17.XII.1986, C. Elias ( DZUP) ; Pernambuco: Cabo ,, Distant Collection ( BMNH 1911-383 ) ; Goiás: Goiânia ,, I.1936, Borgmeier & S. Lopes ( UFRG) . ECUADOR, Pichincha: Puerto Quito ,, V.1982, G. Onore ( BMNH 1982-246 ) ; Napo: Coca ,,, XI, XII.1982, G. Onore ( BMNH 1983-255 ) ; (tropical rainforest general collecting) , 3,, XI.1982, G. Onore ( BMNH 1982-246 ) ; ( Pompeya on Napo R. , 40 km from Coca),, V.1965, L.E. Pena ( AMNH) ; Loja: S.E. Loja ( Rio Jumboe , tributary Zamora R.),, 1-IV-1965, idem ( AMNH) ; Zamora Chinchipe: Zamora (35 Mi Loja),,, 1-5.IV.1965, idem ( AMNH) . PERU, Ucayali: Pucallpa (Alt. 600 ft.),, 11.XI.1946, J.C. Pallister ( AMNH) ; La Libertad: Cumpang (above Uctubamba, 2625m),, 13.X.1979, L. J. Barkley ( DARC) ; Huánuco: 2, 23.XI.1946, Alt. 2200 ft., J.C. Pallister col. ( AMNH) ; Tingo María (Alt. 2200 ft.),, 2, 23.IX, 21.X.1946, J.C. Pallister col. ( AMNH) ; Cuzco: Cosñipata ,, 6, 7.X.1966, Carrasco ( UFRG) ; Pillcopata ,, 11.X.68 ( UFRG) ; Junín: Jauja Prov., Satipo ,, V.1945, P. Paprzycki ( AMNH) ; Rio Santiago ,, 23.XI.1924, F. 6012, H. Bassler Collection Acc. 33591 ( AMNH) ; Rio Morona ,, 17.I.1925, F. 6194, H. Bassler Collection Acc. 33591 ( AMNH) ; Upper Rio Maranon, 2, 26.VIII, 11.X.1924, F.6177, 6162, H. Bassler Collection Acc. 33591 ( AMNH) ; Middle Rio Maranon ,, 8.XI.1925, H. Bassler Collection Acc. 33591 ( AMNH) ; Tarapoto Region ,, 6.I.1926, F. 6042, H. Bassler Collection, Acc. 33591 ( AMNH) ; Achinamiza ,, 3, 14.X, 20.XI.1927, F. 6001, H. Bassler Collection Acc. 33591 ( AMNH) ; Moyobamba Region ,, 2, 12.I.1925, 8.I.1926, 5.XII.1945, F. 6097, F. 6149, F. 6072, H. Bassler Collection Acc. 33591 ( AMNH) . BOLIVIA, 3, 2, 1904, J. Steinbach col. ( BMNH 1904 -311) ;, 1898, Coll. Noualhier ( MNHN) ; Santa Cruz: Buena Vista Prov., Tohito, 400m, 2, 1956, Franz Steinbach ( AMNH) ; Cochabamba: Rio Cristal Mavu (50 mi NE Cochabamba), 4, 4, 30.IX, 27.X, 12, 30.XI. 1949, L. Pena ( AMNH, DARC) . No data:,, ( AMNH) ; San Jose, ( MRSN) .

Distribution. Guyana, Suriname (Brokopondo), Venezuela (Amazonas), Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Rondônia, Pernambuco, Goiás), Ecuador (Pichincha, Napo, Loja, Zamora Chinchipe), Peru (Ucayali, La Libertad, Huánuco, Cuzco, Junín), Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Cochabamba).

Comments. Brachystethus cribrus is the sister species of B. schuhi , sharing a homoplasticcharacter, presence of yellowish calli oncorium ( BARCELLOS & GRAZIA, 2003). Brachystethus cribrus is separatedfrom all other congeners by autapomorphic characters: abdomen with yellow spots and genital cup processes widely visible dorsally. It can also be distinguished from B. schuhi by homoplastic characters – pronotum with yellowish border, yellowish coxae and the inconspicuous lobes of dorsal rim. The yellowish margin of pronotum and the color pattern of coxae, femora and tibiae of B. cribrus are similar to those of B. coxalis , B. improvisus and B. vicinus , but can be easily distinguished by the yellow spots on the ventral surface of abdomen, the fourth antennal segment medially swollen and, on male genitalia, by the genital cup processes widely visible dorsally.

Figures

Figs. 2-13. 2, 3, Brachystethus rubromaculatus Dallas, 1851; 4, 5, B. signoreti Stål; 1872; 6, B. cribrus (Fabricius, 1781); 7, B. schuhi sp. nov.; 8, B. tricolor Bolívar, 1879; 9, B. vexillum Breddin, 1903; 10, B. geniculatus (Fabricius, 1787); 11, B. coxalis Breddin, 1904; 12, B. improvisus Breddin, 1905; 13, B. vicinus Signoret, 1851. Magnification 1.63X.

Figs. 24-29. Pygophore, caudal (tenth segment omitted): 24, Brachystethus rubromaculatus; 25, B. signoreti; 26, B. cribrus; 27, B. schuhi; 28, B. tricolor; 29, B. vexillum (dor, dorsal rim; gcp, genital cup process; pa, paramere; vr, ventral rim). Scale, 1 mm.

Figs. 34-43. Pygophore, ventral rim, ventral: 34, Brachystethus rubromaculatus; 35, B. signoreti; 36, B. cribrus; 37, B. schuhi; 38, B. tricolor; 39, B. vexillum; 40, B. geniculatus; 41, B. coxalis; 42, B. improvisus; 43, B. vicinus. Scale, 1 mm.

Figs. 44-52. Left paramere, posteroventral: 44, Brachystethus rubromaculatus; 45, B. signoreti; 46, B. cribrus; 47, B. schuhi; 48, B. tricolor; 49, B. vexillum; 50, B. geniculatus; 51, B. improvisus; 52, B. vicinus. Scale, 0.5 mm.

Figs.56-60. Genital plates, ventral: 56, Brachystethus rubromaculatus; 57, B. signoreti; 58, B. cribrus; 59, B. tricolor; 60, B. vexillum (gc8, gonocoxite 8; gc9, gonocoxites 9; la8, laterotergite 8; la9, laterotergite 9; VII, seventh segment; X, tenth segment). Scale, 1 mm.

Figs. 65-68. Laterotergites, gonocoxites and gonapophyses of ninth segment, and ectodermical genital ducts, ventral: 65, Brachystethus rubromaculatus; 67, B. signoreti; 68, B. cribrus. Fig. 66, B. rubromaculatus, distal end of receptaculum seminis, dorsal (aac, anterior annular crest; ch, chitinellipsen; cs, capsula seminalis; dr, ductus receptaculi; g9, gonapophyses 9; gc9, gonocoxites 9; la9, laterotergite 9; mt, medial thickening of gonapophyses 9; or, orificium receptaculi; pac, posterior annular crest; pco, pars comunis; pi, pars intermedialis; tvi, thickening of vaginal intima; X, tenth segment). Scale, 1 mm.