Herminium monorchis (L.) R. Br. in W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 191. 1813.

Raskoti, Bhakta Bahadur, Schuiteman, Andre, Jin, Wei-Tao & Jin, Xiao-Hua, 2017, A taxonomic revision of Herminium L. (Orchidoideae, Orchidaceae), PhytoKeys 79, pp. 1-74 : 31-33

35. Herminium monorchis (L.) R. Br. in W. T. Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 191. 1813. Figs 5A , 6A , 7A , 8A , 9A , 10A

Orchis monorchis (L.) Crantz, Stirp. Austr. Fasc., ed. 2, 2: 478. 1769.

Epipactis monorchis (L.) F.W. Schmidt, Samml. Phys.- Ökon. Aufs.1: 246. 1795.

Arachnites monorchis (L.) Hoffm., Deutschl. Fl. Bot. Taschenb. 4: 179.1804.

Satyrium monorchis (L.) Pers., Syn. Pl. 2: 507. 1807.

Monorchis herminium O. Schwarz, Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1:95. 1949.

Herminium alaschanicum Maxim. var. tanguticum Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 31: 105. 1887. Type: China, Gansu, Tangut, 3050 m, 1880, Przewalski N. M., s.n. (Holotype: LE, n.v.; Isotype: K!).

Herminium tanguticum Rolfe., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 36: 51. 1903. Type: China, Gansu, Tangut, 3050 m, 1880, Przewalski N. M., s.n. (Holotype: K! [K000079031]; Isotype: LE, n.v.).

Herminium haridasanii A.N.Rao, J. Econ. Taxon. Bot. 16: 725. 1992, syn. nov. Type: Yarlung Zangbo-Brahmaputra Region, Lohit Distr., Hot Springs, 3000 m, Haridasan 3764-A (Holotype: Orchid Herbarium Tipi, n.v.).

Basionym.

Ophrys monorchis L., Sp. Pl. 2: 947.1753.

Type.

Without country and precise locality, Anon, s.n. (Lectotype: LINN! [LINN-HL1056-22]).

Description.

Plant 5-38 cm tall. Tubers globose, 5-10 × 4-10 mm. Stem with 1 or 2 tubular sheaths at base and (1-)2-3leaves. Leaves subopposite to well-spaced, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 2-13 × 0.5-2.9 cm, apex acute. Inflorescence 3-38 cm; peduncle cylindrical, with 0-4 ovate-lanceolate to linear peduncle-scales (sometimes leaf-like), rachis 2-24 cm, densely to sublaxly many flowered; floral bracts linear-lanceolate, 2-7 mm, shorter than or as long as ovary, apex acuminate. Flowers yellowish green; pedicel and ovary twisted, beaked and strongly hooked at apex, 3-7 mm. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, 2-3 × 1-1.5 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepal ovate-lanceolate, slightly oblique, 2-2.7 × 0.8-1.1 mm, apex subacute. Petals rhombic-caudate, falcate, fleshy, 2.5-4.7 × 1-1.5 mm, apex acute. Lip oblong, 2-5 × 1.1-1.5 mm, base concave forming an almost spur-like sac, 3-lobed near middle; lateral lobes linear-triangular, 0.9-1.2 × 0.4 mm, apex acute; mid-lobe linear-triangular, 2.2-3 × 0.4-1 mm, apex (sub)acute. Column 0.8 mm; pollinia subglobose; caudicles very short, viscidia large, involute, hornlike, rostellum triangular, stigma transversely oblong, situated below the rostellum. Fruit oblongoid, suberect, c. 9 mm long.

Flowering time.

(June-)July-August.

Habitat.

Terrestrial in broad-leaved or coniferous forests, extensively grazed meadows on chalk and limestone, swampy grassland, alpine meadows and valleys; in Asia at elevations of 600-4700 m; in Europe (including the Caucasus) 0-2400 m.

Distribution.

China, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, C and W Asia, most parts of Europe, excluding the Mediterranean zone and the far North.

Selected specimens examined

(only a small sample of the numerous European specimens studied are cited below). AUSTRIA: Tirol, Falzthurntal , 1100 m, 10.07.1936, Milne-Redhead, E. 2380 (K) .

CHINA: Gansu, Xiahe county, 2400 m, 07.07.1937, Fu K.T., 1078 (PE); Central Gansu , Lien hoa shan between Taochow and Totao, 3050 m, 14.07.1920, Rock J. F., 12736 (K) ; Hebei, Santaoho , 1700 m, 23.08.1934, Wang C.W., 62296 (PE) ; Henan, Yuchaishan, Honan , 1150, 03.07.1932, Hao K.S., 3703 (PE) ; Jilin, Jiao county, near Peitayang , 500 m, 14.07.1931, Kung H.W., 1848 (PE) ; Inner Mongolia, Nearby HaiLa Er Shi , 600 m, 04.07.1951, Wang Z. D., 1167 (PE) ; Qinghai, Datong county, near Guanghui Temple , 1950 m, 25.07.1936, Liu K. M.,6077 (PE) ; Shaanxi, Mei county, Taibeishan, Tangyu , Shangbansi , 2700 m, 02.07.1999, Zhu C., Wang X,1428 (PE) ; Shandong, Taishan , 1800 m, 18.07.1956, Chang C.,41 (PE) ; Shanxi, Ningwu county, Dong zhai,near Fen river , 1670 m, 15.07.1957, Liu J., 1598 (PE) ; Sichuan, Xiangcheng Xian, vicinity of Reda twon, Rizhao Shen Shan , 3600-3850 m, 15.07.2004, Boufford D. E. et al., 30665 (K); Jiulong Xian, Tanggu Cun, N of Tanggu Xiang village along Jiulong - Kangding Rd, 3900 m, 21.07.2005, Boufford D. E. et al., 33293 (K) ; Tibet, Bomi county, 2700 m, 12.07.1965, Zhang Y.T. and Lang K. Y., 552 (PE); Lhasa, north of Naiguodong, 4300 m, 17.08.1965, Zhang Y.T. and Lang K.Y., 1633 (PE); Mainling county , 3100 m, 29.07.1974, Qinghai-Tibet Team, 3727 (PE); Champilang, 3650 m, 01.08.1936, Spencer Chapman F., 455 (K) ; Yunnan, Shangri-La, 3000 m, 06.07.1996, Luo Y.B., 71 (PE); Shangri-La, 3200 m, 25.07.1937, Yu C. T., 12433 (PE) .

ESTONIA: Tartu, Emajogi River, 2 km east of Ropka , 20.06.1930, Sirgo V. s.n. (K) .

FRANCE: Seine-et-Oise , Bois du Coudray near Marles, 20.06.1852, Maillard A. s.n. (K)

GERMANY: Würtemberg, Donnstetten, 07.1876, Kemmler s.n. (K).

INDIA: Himachal Pradesh, Spiti, Tabo, 3050 m, 18.08.1933, Gill, H.A.C., 2043 (K); Lahul, Kyelang , 3140 m, 04.07.1941, Bor N.L., 14970 (K) ; Kashmir, Jilail , 2750 m, 25.08.1876, Clarke C.B., 30737 (K) ; Sikkim, Nathong , 13.07.1877, King G., 4365 (K) ; Uttarakhand, Kumaon, Barphu, Gari Valley , 12.08.1900, Inayat, 24106 (K) .

ITALY: Cuneo, S. Anna di Valdieri , 1700 m, 08.07.1906, Ferrari, E. and Gola, G. (K) .

JAPAN: Khusiro, 08.08.1893, Faurie U.J., 10809 (K, P) .

SOUTH KOREA: Ouen san, 07.1906, Faurie U.J., 242 (P).

MONGOLIA: Ik’e lala, 26.06.1924, Licent, E. 7508 (K); Orkhon Valley, 14.07.1899, du Chazaud 91 (P) .

NEPAL: Janakpur, Dolakha District, Kalinchok , 3600 m, 10.07.1985, Bhattrai N., Shrestha M., Pradhan N., and Shakya S., 10A (KATH) ; Koshi, Sankhuwasabha District, Ta Dasa to Makalu Base Camp , 4000-4680 m, 27.08.1988, Suzuki M., Narushashi N., Kurosaki S., Kadota Y., Subedhi M. N., Minaki M., Noshiro S. and Ikeda H., 8850 (KATH); just north of Shimen , 4000 m, 05.08.1973, Grey-Wilson and Phillips, 524 (K) .

ROMANIA: Transylvania, Cluj, Ratacita Valley , 800 m, 24.07.1949, Tretiu T. and M. 3098 (K)

RUSSIA: Pskow Prov., Ostrow Dist., Kudep River near Kosly, 07.07.1898, Dzeiwer A. and Puring N. s.n. (K); Balkaria, Khyzny-su, Ogary-Kishlyk, 2050 m, 03.07.1927, Bush E. and N. s.n. (K); Minnusinsk Dist. , 06.06.1913, Kuznetsov I. V. 2553 (K); Ussuri, Maack R. K. s.n. (K, P); Siberia, Altai Mts., von Ledebour C. F. s.n. (P); Siberia, Irkutsk, 06.1888, Karo F. K. s.n. (P); northern shore of Lake Baikal , 01.07.1855, Radde G. s.n. (K); Dauria, 1831, von Fischer K. F. s.n. (P); Manschuria, Amur River near Bachurowa, 26.06.1895, Komarov V. 439 (K); Amur region, Blagowjestschensk, 07.1898, Karo F 211 (K); Coast of Manschuria (Lat. 44-45 N), 07.08.1859, Wilford C. 1168 (K); SE Manschuria, near Possiet Bay , 1860, Maximowicz C. J., s.n. (K); Khabarovskiy territory, Ayano-Mayskiy Dist. , Chouyka River near Nelkan village , 09.08.1978, Kharkevich S. and Buch T., s.n. (K) .

SWEDEN: Oernsberg on Kuinekulle , 05.07.1841, Lagerheim N. and C. s.n. (K) .

SWITZERLAND: Meiringen, 600 m, 06.1914, Gamble J. S. s.n.

UNITED KINGDOM: Dorset, Batecombe Down, 60 m, 21.07.1956, Summerhayes, V. S. 2940 (K) .

Figures

Figure 5. Flowers of representive species of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. latilabre C H. forceps D H. fallax E H. lanceum F H. edgeworthii G H. monophyllum H H. quinquelobum I H. pugioniforme.

Figure 6. Dorsal sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. handelii L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. mannii R H. biporosum.

Figure 7. Lateral sepal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. macrophyllum H H. glossophyllum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. gracile L H. elisabethae M H. himalayanum N H. clavigerum O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. lanceum R H. biporosum.

Figure 8. Petal of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. lanceum G H. josephi H H. coiloglossum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. himalayanum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. ophioglossoides O H. quinquelobum P H. macrophyllum Q H. ecalcaratum R H. biporosum

Figure 9. Lip of Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. chloranthum C H. pygmaeum D H. josephi E H. monophyllum F H. macrophyllum G H. macrophyllum H H. alaschanicum I H. coeloceras J H. fallax K H. longilobatum L H. elisabethae M H. alaschanicum N H. lanceum O H. quinquelobum P H. kamengense Q H. coiloglossum R H. biporosum.

Figure 10. Column structure in Herminium. A H. monorchis B H. josephi C H. latilabre D H. monophyllum E H. kamengense F H. longilobatum F H. himalayanum H H. mannii I H. fallax.