Phytoliriomyza nubatama Kato, 2022

Kato, Makoto, Yamamori, Luna & Imada, Yume, 2022, Diversity underfoot of agromyzids (Agromyzidae, Diptera) mining thalli of liverworts and hornworts, ZooKeys 1133, pp. 1-164 : 1

5. Phytoliriomyza nubatama Kato sp. nov.

Figs 8 , 9

Material examined.

Holotype: Japan: 1♂ (MK-AG-a413), Mt. Mihara, Hachijo Is. Tokyo Pref. (33.11383°N, 139.82415°E, 170m), 17-II-2012 (as larva on Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba ), emerged on 23-IV-2012, NSMT-I-Dip 31913. Paratypes: Japan: 1♀ (MK-AG-323), same data as holotype, NSMT-I-Dip 31914; 1♀ (MK-AG-a379), Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on M. papillata grossibarba ), emerged on 9-VI-2021, NMNS; 1♀ (MK-AG-a383), Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva on M. papillata grossibarba ), emerged on 10-V-2014, NSMT-I-Dip 31916; 1♂1♀ (MK-AG-a456, a359), Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva on M. papillata grossibarba ), emerged on 21-22-V-2021, NSMT-I-Dip 31917, 31918; 1♀ (MK-AG-344), Jizodo, Mariya, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva on M. pinnata ), emerged on 27-IV-2016, NSMT-I-Dip 31919.

Other material.

Japan: On Marchantia papillata grossibarba : 9♂9♀, Inago, Shibakawa, Fujinomiya, Shizuoka Pref., 26-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 11-VI-2-VII-2021; 3♂3♀, Tsudono, Aoi-ku, Shizuoka Pref., 30-XI-2014 (as larva), emerged on 29-VII-9-VIII-2021; 6♂6♀, Naiku, Oe, Fukuchiyama, Kyoto Pref., 19-V-2021 (as larva), emerged on 1-16-VI-2021; 2♂, Muramatsu, Iwakura, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto Pref., 27-X-2017 (as larva), emerged on 9-XII-2017; 5♂1♀, Nagabuchi, Ume, Saeki, Oita Pref., 29-XI-2011 (as larva), emerged on 1-5-V-2011; 1♂9♀, Mt. Osuzu, Tsuno, Miyazaki Pref., 11-IV-2021 (as larva), emerged on 16-25-V-2021.

On Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba : 2♀, Takae, Higashi-son, Kunigami, Okinawa Pref., 11-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 22-28-XI-2021; 2♂2♀, Nagura, Ishigaki Is., Yaeyama, Okinawa Pref., 7-XI-2021 (as larva), emerged on 13-XI-16-XII-2021.

On Marchantia pinnata : 1♀, Jizodo, Mariya, Kisarazu, Chiba Pref., 17-III-2016 (as larva), emerged on 27-IV-2016.

Diagnosis.

A small black species (wing length 1.3-1.6 mm) having subshiny black scutum with an oval yellow pattern extending from mid-posterior margin to scutellum, black 1st flagellomere, yellow maxillary palpus, yellow halteres, and brownish legs. Male epandrium with a comb comprising seven fused tubercle-like setae, and surstylus with a comb comprising three fused tubercle-like setae. Larva mines the thallus of Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba , M. papillata grossibarba and M. pinnata .

Description.

Adult male (Fig. 8A-E ).

Head: Head light yellow, with ocellar triangle yellow but ocellar tubercle dark brown, back of head dark brown (Fig. 8C ). Frons light yellow, with reflective pruinosity. Antenna porrect, first flagellomere dark brown, pedicel and scape brown. Arista subbasal, black, pubescent. Clypeus, face, gena, parafacial and postgena light yellow. Proboscis normal, pale yellow; palpus dark yellow, cylindrical (Fig. 8B ). Chaetotaxy: Front orbitals three pairs; one ori directed inward; two ors directed upward (Fig. 8B ). Orbital setulae minute and erect, in a single row.

Thorax: Thorax subshiny. Scutum black. Scutellum black, medially with a small, obscure yellow patch; subscutellum black, anterior margin light yellow (Fig. 8D ). Mediotergite dark brown, anatergite and katatergite light yellow. Pleuron largely light yellow; postpronotal lobe with anterior brown patch; notopleuron brownish yellow; anepisternum and anepimeron grayish yellow with brown spots on venters; katepisternum an meron with large dark brown patches on venter (Fig. 8B ). Haltere light yellow, stalk grayish yellow. Calypter margin and hairs gray. Leg segments brown; basal half of femur brownish yellow. Chaetotaxy: Scutum with 1+3 dorsocentrals, shortened anteriorly (Fig. 8D ). Acrostichal setulae five pairs in two rows. Wing: Wing length 1.3 mm, costa reaching M1 (Fig. 8A ). Length of ultimate section of vein M4 divided by penultimate section 1.0-1.3.

Abdomen: Abdomen dorsally subshiny dark brown. Genitalia: (Fig. 8G-L ) Epandrium dark brown, rounded apically, inner-lateral surface with a comb comprising seven or eight fused long tubercle-like setae (Fig. 8I ). Surstylus rounded; curved inwards, only sparsely setose apically; with a comb comprising three long fused tubercle-like setae on posterior margin (Fig. 8I ). Cercus narrow, setose. Subepandrial sclerite with one pair of pale, broad, plate-like ventral process (Fig. 8I ). Hypandrium slightly sclerotized along outer margin (Fig. 8G ). Postgonite bare, goose barnacle-shaped, and cleft apically; upper lobe pointed apically (Fig. 8K ). Phallophorus with deep incision below (Fig. 8G ), articulated with phallapodeme, fused to epiphallus. Basiphallus 1/2 length of mesophallus (Fig. 8H ). Basiphallus with narrow plate-like dorsal sclerite (Fig. 8H ). Hypophallus membranous with lateral margins lightly sclerotized, medially with a pair of fused linear ventrally incurved sclerites (Fig. 8H, L ). Paraphallus membranous supported by a pair of narrow plate-like pigmented sclerites (Fig. 8H, L ). Mesophallus dark, cylindrical, S-curved in lateral view, longer than distiphallus (Fig. 8H ). Distiphallus comprising one pair of stout tubules; each cylindrical, with a weak constriction medially, dorsally and laterally pigmented; with truncated apex; opening with indentation (Fig. 8H ). Ejaculatory apodeme wide fan-shaped with narrow stalk and stout base; sperm pump clear with ventral sclerotized bar (Fig. 8J ).

Female (Fig. 8F ). Similar to male, but slightly larger and frons wider. Wing length 1.4-1.6 mm. Postabdomen: (Fig. 9A, B ) Oviscape dark brown, setigerous (Fig. 9A ). Tergite 10 cruciform, laterally uniting narrow pleural sclerites (Fig. 9B ). Each cercus with two stout, apical, trichoid sensilla, 1/2 length of cercus (Fig. 9B ). Spermathecae semi-orbicular (Fig. 9A ).

Etymology.

The specific name nubatama is a Japanese word meaning glossy black seed of the blackberry lily ( Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb.), to which morphology of adult fly’s scutum of this species is likened.

Japanese name.

Nubatama-tosazenigoke-hamoguribae.

Host plant.

Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba , M. papillata grossibarba and M. pinnata ( Marchantiaceae ).

Mine.

Larvae construct linear mines in the thallus, and pupate in the midrib of the mined thalli (Fig. 9D-G ).

Biological notes.

The main habitats of this species are river banks where Marchantia papillata grossibarba grew on rocky substrate (Fig. 9C ). In Izu Islands and Ryukyu Islands, the host plant species Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba is found on damp banking and levee of paddy fields. Our rearing records suggest that this species is multivoltine.

Distribution.

Japan: Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Amami, Okinawa and Yaeyama Islands (Fig. 2 ).

Remarks.

This species resembles P. foliocerotis in glossy black scutum and black scutellum with small yellow spot; it is distinguished from the latter by the black 1st flagellomere (yellow in P. foliocerotis ).

Species associated with Dumortiera

Figures

Figure 2. Locality records of three Phytoliriomyza species associated with Marchantia spp.: P. dorsata, P. igniculus, P. tsukuyomi, P. marchantiae and P. nubatama.

Figure 8. Phytoliriomyza nubatama sp. nov. A-D, G holotype male A habitus B lateral C frontal D dorsal E, F paratype female (MK-AG- 323), E dorsal F frontal G-L male genitalia (G-K type locality L Kume Island) G whole genitalia, ventral H phallic complex, lateral I epandrium, ventral J ejaculatory apodeme lateral K postgonite L phallic complex, ventral.

Figure 9. Female morphology (A, B) and larval / adult ecology of Phytoliriomyza nubatama sp. nov. (C-E at Tazukawa-keikoku F, G at Inago) A, B female postabdomen at type locality A oviscape and spermatheca B tergite 10 C landscape of riparian habitat D-G mined thalli of Marchantia papillata grossibarba (arrows indicate internal puparia) H, I live female flies at Iriomote Is on thalli of Marchantia emarginata cuneiloba.