Caraipa balbinensis F.N. Cabral, 2016
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.286.4.3 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/211687DF-E306-971B-FF24-FF4871579BDA |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Caraipa balbinensis F.N. Cabral |
| status |
sp. nov. |
1. Caraipa balbinensis F.N. Cabral View in CoL , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 ‒ 2 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 )
Type:— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Presidente Figueiredo, canteiro de obras da Hidrelétrica de Balbina, estr. para Cachoeira Morena, 11 km a jusante a barragem, margem esq. do Rio Uatumã, 1º–2ºS, 59º–60ºW, 14 March 1986, Cid Ferreira et al. 6955 (holotype INPA!, isotypes MO!, NY!, HBG!).
Diagnosis: ― Caraipa balbinensis differs from Caraipa heterocarpa Ducke (1932a: 742) in having longer leaves, more prominent secondary veins, longer petioles, smaller calyx lobes, and slightly rugulose fruit surface. It differs from C. grandifolia Martius (1824: 106) by its slightly globose and rugulose fruit.
Description: ― Trees up to 12 m tall. Young branches pubescent with sessile stellate trichomes. Leaves distichous; blade coriaceous, ovate or elliptic, 11.8–26.0 × 6.3–12.0 cm, apex acuminate or rounded, base rounded to truncate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface glabrous or with sparsely sessile stellate trichomes, without bulliform cells, dark dots not visible on leaf surfaces, margin flat, midrib with sessile stellate trichomes on both surfaces, sulcate on adaxial surface, prominent on abaxial surface, secondary veins prominent on both surfaces, 11 ‒ 19 pairs, 12–18 mm distant each other, tertiary veins sometimes conspicuous, parallel; petioles 9–18 mm long, glabrous, wrinkled. Flowers not seen. Infructescence axis 4–7 cm long, with 1–2 fruits; pedicel 2.0– 3.8 mm long; axis and pedicel tomentose with sessile and stipitate stellate trichomes; bracts and bracteoles caducous, bracteoles inserted below the middle of the pedicel. Calyx lobes 1 × 2 mm, apex acute, tomentose abaxially with sessile and stipitate stellate trichomes. Fruit globose, asymmetrical, 2.0–3.1 × 1.3–1.9 cm, beaklet up to 1 mm, surface rugulose, tomentose with sessile stellate trichomes, exocarp probably not separating from endocarp. Seeds not seen.
Etymology:— The epithet balbinensis refers to the locality Balbina (municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil), where the species occurs.
Phenology:— Flowering unknown. Fruits collected in March.
Distribution and habitat:— Caraipa balbinensis has been found in only two localities in Balbina (municipality of Presidente Figueiredo, Amazonas, Brazil). The species was collected along river margins and in terra-firme forests.
Taxonomic notes:— Caraipa balbinensis is morphologically similar to C. heterocarpa and C. grandifolia . It can be distinguished from Caraipa heterocarpa in having longer leaves 11.8–26.0 cm (vs. 7.7–18.5 cm in C. heterocarpa ), more prominent secondary veins, longer petioles 9–18 mm (vs. 5–13 mm in C. heterocarpa ), smaller calyx lobes 1 × 2 mm (vs. 2–3 × 2–3 mm in C. heterocarpa ), and slightly rugulose fruit surface (vs. smooth in C. heterocarpa ). Caraipa balbinensis differs from C. grandifolia by its slightly globose and rugulose fruit (vs. ovoid and smooth in C. grandifolia ).
On the basis of the leaf shape, Caraipa balbinensis resembles C. costata Spruce ex Bentham (1861: 61) , C. odorata Ducke (1932b: 588) , C. richardiana Cambessèdes (1828: 414) , and C. spuria Barboza Rodrigues (1887: 6) . Caraipa balbinensis can be distinguished from C. costata and C. spuria by its larger and longer petioles, and by the rugulose fruit surface (vs. smooth in C. costata and C. spuria ). From Caraipa odorata and C. richardiana , C. balbinensis differs in having tomentose fruits (vs. glabrous in C. odorata and C. richardiana ), and by its ovate or elliptic leaves (vs. narrowly lanceolate in C. odorata ), and by its opaque-like leaves (vs. shiny in C. richardiana ).
Moreover C. balbinensis has glabrous leaves or leaves with sparse trichomes, while in C. costata and C. spuria the leaves have dense stipitate stellate trichomes. Caraipa costata and C. spuria have been previously treated as synonyms by Kubitzki 1978. However, Kubitzki & Holst (1998) and Cabral et al. (in prep.) consider them as separate species.
Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. Amazonas: Presidente Figueiredo, canteiro de obras da Hidrelétrica de Balbina, estr. para Cachoeira Morena, 11 km a jusante a barragem, margem esq. do Rio Uatumã, 1º–2ºS, 59º–60ºW, 14 March 1986, Cid Ferreira 6776 (INPA!, MO!, NY!, HBG!).
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