Dysdera jana Gasparo & Arnedo, 2009

Arnedo, Miquel, Gasparo, Fulvio & Opatova, Vera, 2009, Systematics and phylogeography of the Dysdera erythrina species complex (Araneae, Dysderidae) in Sardinia, ZooKeys 16 (16), pp. 319-345 : 331-333

Dysdera jana Gasparo & Arnedo , sp. n.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:A4417862-62F2-433B-BCC9-E677576FF1C9

Figs 4, 6 , 8 , 10-11 , 14-18

Type material. Holotype: male: Italy, Sardinia, Nuoro, Dorgali , along Viale J.F. Kennedy (=SS 125), 450 m, under Pinus , 17.X.1989; F. Gasparo ( MSNVR AR 0010 ).

Paratypes: 1 male ( CRBA 001736) and 4 females ( CRBA 001736-1737, MSNVR AR 0011-12) same data and collector.

Additional material examined. Nuoro: 2 km S of Dorgali , 500 m, under Quercus ilex, F. Gasparo leg. 20.X.1989, 2 ♀♀ ( CG) ; Supramonte di Oliena , 900 m, under Quercus ilex, F. Gasparo leg. 13.X.1989, 2 ♀♀ ( CG) ; Sa Oche (km 7 ESE of Oliena ), 150 m, under Quercus ilex, F. Gasparo leg. 16.X.1989, 4 ♀♀ ( CG) .

Diagnosis. Dysdera jana sp. n. can be distinguished from continental species of the erythrina group by the shape of the posterior-distal part of the tegulum, which is expanded in the continental species. It can also be distinguished from D. erythrina and D. erythrina provincialis by the lateral concave shape of the chelicera and a heavily wrinkled (foveate) carapace ( Figs 4, 6 ). In addition, continental females of the erythrina group exhibit a characteristic hourglass-shaped spermatheca, which is very attenuated in D. jana sp. n. ( Fig. 11 ). It differs from the other Sardinian species of the erythrina group by the spineless dorsal tibia 4, the position and length of the finger-like process on the tip of the male bulb (compare Figs 15 and 21 ), and by the fusion of the anterior sclerotised stripes of the vulva VA (compare Figs 11 and 13 ).

Etymology. The name in apposition refers to the “Domus de janas”, characteristic Sardinian tombs dug in the rock often according to a labyrinth architecture. Domus de Jana translates in Sardinian as “House of the fairies or of the witches”. It also happens to be the name of the first author’s goddaughter.

Description. Holotype male num. CRBA 1736. Figs 4, 6 , 8 , 14-18 . Carapace ( Fig. 4 ) 2.6 mm long; maximum width 2.09 mm; minimum width 1.3 mm. Orange, darkened at borders; foveate at borders, slightly wrinkled at middle, covered with small black grains. Frontal border roughly round, from 1/2 to 3/5 carapace length; anterior lateral borders parallel; rounded at maximum dorsal width, back lateral borders straight; back margin wide, straight. AME diameter 0.17 mm; PLE 0.14 mm; PME 0.12 mm; AME slightly back from frontal border, separated from one another by about 1/2 diameter, close to PLE; PME very close to each other, about 1/3 PME diameter from PLE. Labium trapezoid-shaped, base wider than distal part; longer than wide at base; semicircular groove at tip. Sternum orange, darkened on borders; wrinkled; uniformly covered in slender black hairs.

Chelicerae 1.17 mm long, about 2/5 of carapace length in dorsal view; fang medium-sized, 0.97 mm; basal segment proximal dorsal, ventral side scantly covered with piligerous granulations; concave-shaped in lateral view ( Fig. 6 ). Chelicera inner groove medium-sized, about 2/5 cheliceral length; armed with three teeth and lamina at base; B=M>D; D triangular, slightly below groove midpoint; B close to basal lamina; M close to B. Legs yellow. Lengths of male described above: fe1 2.01 mm (all measurements in mm); pa1 1.12; ti1 1.71; me1 1.43; ta1 0.46; total 6.73; fe2 1.94; pa2 1.07; ti2 1.63; me2 1.43; ta2 0.43; total 6.5; fe3 1.5; pa3 0.82; ti3 1.07; me3 1.17; ta3 0.41; total 4.97; fe4 1.89; pa4 1.02; ti4 1.58; me4 1.63; ta4 0.48; total 6.6; fe Pdp 1.12; pa Pdp 0.56; ti Pdp 0.61; ta Pdp 0.66; total 2.96; relative length: 1>4>2>3. Spination: leg1, leg2 spineless. Fe3d spineless; pa3 spineless; tb3d spines arranged in one band; distal 1.0.0; tb3v with one terminal spine on prolateral margin. Fe4d spineless; pa4 spineless; tb4d spines spineless; tb4v spines arranged in one band; proximal 0.1.0; with one terminal spine at one leg and two on other one. Dorsal side of frontal legs, ventral side of palp covered with hairs. Claws with eight teeth or less; hardly larger than claw width.

Abdomen 4.13 mm long; cream-coloured; cylindrical. Abdominal dorsal hairs 0.05 mm long; thin, curved, not compressed, pointed; uniformly, thickly distributed.

Male copulatory bulb ( Fig. 8 ) T slightly shorter than DD; external, internal distal borders sloped backwards. DD slightly bent in lateral view, clearly less than 45 o; internal distal border not expanded. ES wider, more sclerotised than IS; IS continuous to

tip. DD tip (12-15) straight in lateral view; AR present, parallel to DD; finger-like projection at distal end of the AR ridge base, as long as AR length. C absent. AC absent. LF absent. L reduced to distal part. LA absent. F absent. AL absent. P ( Fig. 18 ) fused to T; perpendicular to T in lateral view; lateral length about 1/4 of T width; ridge present, perpendicular to T; not expanded, upper margin smooth; distally slightly projected.

Paratype female num. CRBA 1736. Figs 10-11 . All characters as in male except: Carapace 3.26 mm long; maximum width 2.7 mm; minimum width 1.76 mm. Brownish orange, darkened at borders; slightly foveate at borders, wrinkled at middle, covered with tiny granulations. AME diameter 0.19 mm; PLE 0.18 mm; PME 0.16 mm; AME slightly back from frontal border, separated from one another by about 2/3 diameter, close to PLE; PME very close to each other, about 2/5 PME diameter from PLE. Sternum orange, darkened on borders; very slightly wrinkled, mainly between legs and frontal border.

Chelicerae 1.5 mm long, fang long, 1.33 mm; basal segment proximal dorsal, ventral side scantly covered with piligerous granulations. Legs orange. Lengths of female described above: fe1 2.5 mm (all measurements in mm); pa1 1.56; ti1 2.04; me1 1.84; ta1 0.48; total 8.42; fe2 2.35; pa2 1.48; ti2 1.94; me2 1.79; ta2 0.51; total 8.06; fe3 1.84; pa3 1.07; ti3 1.33; me3 1.58; ta3 0.51; total 6.32; fe4 2.35; pa4 1.33; ti4 1.89; me4 2.24; ta4 0.56; total 8.36; fe Pdp 1.43; pa Pdp 0.66; ti Pdp 0.77; ta Pdp 0.79; total 3.65; relative length 1>4>2>3. Spination: tb3d spines arranged in two bands; proximal 0-1.0.0; distal 1.0.0; tb3v spines arranged in one band; proximal 0.1.0; with two terminal spines. Tb4d spines spineless; tb4v spines arranged in one band; proximal 0.1.0; with two terminal spines.

Abdomen 3.73 mm long. Abdominal dorsal hairs 0.07 mm long; thin, curved, not compressed, pointed; uniformly, thickly distributed. Vulva DA ( Fig. 10 ) clearly distinguishable from VA; DA slightly wider than long; DF wide in dorsal view. MF margins not fused, poorly developed, membranous. VA rectangle-like; frontal region completely sclerotized ( Fig. 11 ); posterior region internal margin sclerotized, forming two stripes fused at the anterior part, diverging backwards; AVD absent. S attachment not projected under VA; arms as long as DA, slightly curved; tips not projected; neck as wide as arms. TB usual shape.

Variation. Carapace ranges in length from 2.37 mm to 3.77 mm, males (n=2) 2.42- 2.60, female (n=10) average 3.14 (2.37-3.77). Females from Supramonte di Oliena are significantly smaller (2.37-2.72) than those from Dorgali and Sa Oche. Male (n=2) leg spination reduced compared to females. Spination variability summarised in Table 3 .

Distribution. Known from several localities around the Supramonte region, a mountain and highland range in Sardinia, lying in the north-western part of the Gulf of Orosei.

Figures

Figures 4-7. Carapace, dorsal view: 4 D. jana sp. n. holotype 5 D. shardana sp. n. holotype. Carapace, lateral view: 6 D. jana sp. n. holotype 7 D. shardana sp. n. holotype.

Figures 8-9. Left male palp, retrolateral view: 8 D. jana sp. n. holotype 9 D. shardana sp. n. holotype.

Figures 10-13. D. jana sp. n. paratype female 10 vulva, dorsal view 11 vulva, ventral view. D. shardana sp. n. paratype female 12 vulva, dorsal view 13 vulva, ventral view.

Figures 14-18. D. jana sp. n. holotype, right male bulb 14 prolateral view, general 15 anterior view 16 posterior view 17 retrolateral view 18 P, prolateral view.

Figures 19-22. D. shardana holotype, right male bulb 19 prolateral view, general 20 prolateral view, tip detail 21 anterior view 22 P, prolateral view.