Trypanosoma spp

Rodrigues, Marina Silva, Lima, Luciana, Xavier, Samanta Cristina das Chagas, Herrera, Heitor Miraglia, Rocha, Fabiana Lopes, Roque, André Luiz Rodrigues, Teixeira, Marta Maria Geraldes & Jansen, Ana Maria, 2019, Uncovering Trypanosoma spp. diversity of wild mammals by the use of DNA from blood clots, International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 8, pp. 171-181 : 174

3.2. Diversity of Trypanosoma spp . detected by PCR of blood clots

Thirteen Trypanosoma species or MOTUs were identified, among them, two new MOTUs (T. sp. Neobat 4 and T. sp. DID). All main branches had high support (> 85) for at least two methods of phylogenetic tree reconstruction ( Figs. 3 and 4 ). PCR from blood clots showed that Didelphimorphia presented a higher infection rate (88.0%) in comparison with Chiroptera (66.7%) and Carnivora (60.0%) and also demonstrated to harbor the highest diversity of trypanosome species ( Table 1; Fig. 2 ). Didelphis spp . was the taxon that displayed the highest Trypanosoma spp . diversity ( Fig. 2 ). T. cruzi was the species found infecting the highest number of individuals (marsupials, carnivores and bats), followed by T. lainsoni (marsupials and bats), T. dionisii (marsupials, bats and carnivores) ( Table 1; Fig. 2 ). In bats, we observed a new MOTU that we labeled as Trypanosoma sp. Neobat 4; further on, Trypanosoma sp. Neobat 2 and Neobat 3 ( Fig. 3 ). Concerning marsupials, infections by a new MOTU that we named DID, besides infections by T. cascavelli , Trypanosoma janseni , Trypanosoma rangeli A, and sequences closely related to Trypanosoma gennarii have been observed ( Fig. 4 ).

Figures

Fig. 3. T. cruzi clade phylogenetic tree based on 18S (SSU) gene. The tree shows ten different species and genotypes identified in the blood clot of Carnivora, Chiroptera, and Didelphimorphia: T. cruzi (DTUs TcI, TcII and TcIII), T. dionisii, T. rangeli, T. sp. Neobats 2 and 3, T. janseni, and two novel MOTUs (T. sp. DID and T. sp. Neobat 4). The tree was inferred with neighbor-joining. The numbers at the nodes correspond, respectively, to NJ, ML and BI support values for the main branches. The scale-bar shows the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Trypanosoma lewisi and Trypanosoma microti were used as outgroups.

Fig. 4. Lizard/snake/rodent/marsupial clade phylogenetic tree based on 18S (SSU) gene. The tree shows the three different species from the lizard/snake/rodent/ marsupial clade identified in the blood clot of Chiroptera and Didelphimorphia: T. cascavelli, T. gennari, and T. lainsoni. Tree inferred with neighbor-joining. The numbers at the nodes correspond, respectively, to NJ, ML and BI support values for the main branches. The scale-bar shows the number of nucleotide substitutions per site. Trypanosoma serpentis was used as outgroup.

Fig. 2. Trypanosoma spp. identified in the blood clot of Carnivora, Chiroptera and Didelphimorphia. Each color indicates a different trypanosome species, genotype or mixed infections. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)