Warramaba picta ( Key, 1976 )

Kearney, Michael R., 2018, The matchstick grasshopper genus Warramaba (Morabidae: Morabinae): a description of four new species and a photographic guide to the group, Zootaxa 4482 (2), pp. 201-244 : 206-209

Warramaba picta ( Key, 1976)

Type data: (from Key, 1976). ♂, Reg. No. ANIC 8716, in Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra; bearing THE fOLLOwING LAbELS: (1) '17 mI. SW. Of MUNDIwINDI, W.A. 26.Iv.1963 L. J. CHINNICk'; (2) '29851' (A REfERENCE TO fIELD NOTES Of mINE); (3) ' AT LIGHT'; (4) 'M. J. D. WHITE CYTOL. PREP. CH 774'; (5) 'K. H. L. KEY GENITALIA PREP. 968'; (6) 'HOLOTYPE ANIC 8716. WARRAmAbA PICTA KEY, 1976. S' (ON RED fLUORESCENT CARD).

Description: SEE TAbLE 1 fOR mORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS Of THE HOLOTYPE, FIGURE 4 fOR PHOTOGRAPHS Of LIvE SPECImENS AND GENITALIA, AND APPENDIX 1 fOR ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHS Of LIvE SPECImENS. THE REmAINDER Of THIS SECTION IS TRANSCRIbED fROm KEY’S NOTES AT THE ANIC:

Phallus . OvERALL LENGTH CAUDAD fROm APICES Of CAUDAL PROjECTIONS Of EPIPHALLUS 0.8–0.9 mm (0.91 IN HOLOTYPE); mAXImAL bREADTH 0.7–0.8 mm (0.8 IN HOLOTYPE). SHAfT STRONGLY COmPRESSED DORSOvENTRALLY, SmOOTH, LARGELY SCLEROTIzED DORSAD, wITH SENSILLA DORSAD AND LATERAD; IN DORSAL vIEw wITH LATERAL mARGINS vERY SHORT, STRAIGHT, CONvERGING CEPHALAD, ROUNDING CAUDAD INTO CAUDAL mARGIN Of DORSAL fOLD; DORSAL OUTLINE IN PROfILE NEARLY STRAIGHT, IN CAUDAL vIEw DEEPLY V-ImPRESSED mESAD AND STRONGLY AND EvENLY CONvEX ON EACH SIDE. DORSAL fOLD OvERLAPPING bASES Of vALvES IN DORSAL vIEw, ITS CAUDAL mARGIN CONSIDERAbLY PROjECTING, EXTENDING THE ENTIRE wIDTH Of THE SHAfT, AND CONTINUOUS LATERAD wITH LATERAL mARGINS Of SHAfT; IN LATERAL vIEw wITH CAUDAL mARGIN CURvING vENTROCEPHALAD; IN CAUDAL vIEw wITH vENTRAL mARGIN STRONGLY DESCENDING TO A NARROwLY ROUNDED APEX mESAD, SmOOTHLY CONCAvE ON EACH SIDE; DISTANCE fROm CAUDAL PROjECTIONS Of EPIPHALLUS TO CAUDAL mARGIN Of fOLD mESAD C 3/8 Of OvERALL LENGTH (0.35 mm IN HOLOTYPE). DORSAL POCkET APPARENTLY ObSOLETE; A PAIR Of bROAD, LINGUIfORm wEAkLY SHAGREENOUS, mEmbRANOUS LObES ARISING ON THE INNER fACE Of THE DORSAL wALL AND RUNS vENTROCAUDAD, THEIR mESAL mARGINS OvERLAPPING, AND THEIR bROADLY ROUNDED CAUDAL EXTREmITIES SOmETImES EmERGING fROm bENEATH DORSAL fOLD AND THEN vISIbLE IN DORSAL vIEw. VALvES SCLEROTISED, UNIRAmOUS, LONGITUDINAL, LATERALLY COmPRESSED, SUbHORIzONTAL; IN DORSAL vIEw ARISING AT THE LATEROCAUDAL SHOULDERS Of THE SHAfT, NARROwING CAUDAD, LATERAL mARGINS STRONGLY CONCAvE, mESAL mARGINS STRONGLY CONvEX, mESAL fACE mEmbRANOUS AND CONvEX IN TRANSvERSE SECTION, ITS vENTROmESAL EDGE PARTLY vISIbLE, APEX wITH A LATEROCAUDAD-DIRECTED TERmINAL TOOTH, A SUbAPICAL TOOTH bREAkING THE LATERAL mARGIN, AND A NUmbER Of SmALL TUbERCLES ON DISTAL PART Of LATERAL mARGIN; IN LATERAL vIEw SUbTRIANGULAR TO SUbfALCATE, mAXImAL bREADTH GREATER THAN IN DORSAL vIEw AND APEX mORE POINTED, DORSAL mARGIN SmOOTH, EmERGING fROm bENEATH DORSAL fOLD AND RUNNING CONvEXLY TO SIGmOIDALLY CAUDAD AT NEARLY THE LEvEL Of DORSAL OUTLINE Of SHAfT, AND bEARING A NUmbER Of SmALL TUbERCLES IN DISTAL HALf, vENTROCEPHALIC bOUNDARY DEEPLY CONCAvE AND SEPARATING A NARROw vENTRAL STEm fROm A CEPHALIC STEm Of SUbEqUAL wIDTH; IN CAUDAL vIEw wITH DORSAL mARGINS SUbHORIzONTAL, mESAL mARGINS SINUOUS AND SUbvERTICAL, vENTRAL mARGINS CONCAvE, DIRECTED vENTROmESAL, APEX SPLAYED LATERAD. VENTRAL SACS THINLY mEmbRANOUS, fINELY SHAGREENOUS, LONGITUDINAL, COLLAPSED, vISIbLE IN DORSAL vIEw AND IN LATERAL vIEw bELOw vALvES, ARISING NEAR bASE Of mESAL fACE Of vALvES AND RUNNING CAUDAD IN THE CONCAvITY Of THE mESAL fACE, OvERLAIN DORSOCEPHALAD bY A SmALLER, OvAL, bUT OTHERwISE SImILAR LObE APPARENTLY DIffERENTIATED fROm THE mEmbRANE Of THE PROXImODORSAL PART Of THE mESAL fACE Of THE vALvE. VENTRAL fOLD LARGE, ARISING fROm EXTREmITIES Of vENTRAL STEmS Of vALvES, NOT fALLING fAR SHORT Of APICES Of vALvES AND IN DORSAL vIEw vISIbLE mUCH bEYOND THE vALvES LATERAD. NO CEPHALIC RING, NO SHEATH. PHALLOTREmE DEEPLY INvAGINATED IN A CAPACIOUS SUbLINGUIfORm vENTRAL POCkET Of SHAfT, wHICH EXTENDS CEPHALAD bEYOND CAUDAL mARGIN Of EPIPHALLUS, ITS LATERAL mARGINS SOmEwHAT CONvERGING CEPHALAD AND CEPHALIC mARGIN CONvEX OvERALL; THE STRUCTURE Of THE PHALLOTREmE ITSELf CANNOT bE SATISfACTORILY DISCERNED THROUGH THE DORSAL wALL; wHAT APPEARS TO bE THE PHALLOTREmE OPENING, wITH SLIGHTLY CAUDAD-CONvERGENT LATERAL AND ROUNDED-TRUNCATE CEPHALIC wALLS, IS fLANkED bY bROAD, SHAGREENOUS, SCLEROTISED, LATERAL ARmS, HAvING A wEEkLY CONvEX LATERAL mARGIN AND ROUNDED CAUDAL EXTREmITIES AND UNITED CEPHALAD mORE OR LESS bENEATH THE CAUDAL mARGIN Of EPIPHALLIC DISk, THE wHOLE ENCLOSED IN A TRANSvERSELY ELLIPTICAL, SHAGREENOUS, SCLEROTISED RING, OPEN mESOCEPHALAD, wHICH LARGELY fILLS CEPHALIC HALf Of vENTRAL POCkET.

Epiphallus. WEAkLY SCLEROTISED. DISk SHIELD-SHAPED, bREADTH AND LENGTH SUbEqUAL, LATERAL mARGINS SLIGHTLY SIGmOID, CONvERGING CEPHALAD, CEPHALIC mARGIN fAIRLY bROAD, mORE OR LESS CONCAvE, CAUDAL mARGIN STRONGLY CONCAvE OvERALL. LATERAL PLATES THIN, vERY LOw, SUbvERTICAL, IN DORSAL vIEw SIGmOID, DIvERGING CAUDAD; IN LATERAL vIEw wITH DORSAL mARGIN LOw-CONvEX, vENTRAL mARGIN wEAkLY bICONCAvE, OvERALL HEIGHT AbOvE vENTRAL mARGIN C. ¼ Of OvERALL LENGTH. CEPHALIC PROjECTIONS AbSENT; CAUDAL PROjECTIONS bROAD bUT LITTLE PROmINENT EXTENSIONS Of LATEROCAUDAL EXTREmITIES Of LATERAL PATES. LOPHI AbSENT.

Variation. BOTH Of THE PARATYPES EXAmINED ARE TENERAL, AND IN ONE Of THEm THE GENITALIA ARE ALmOST ENTIRELY mEmbRANOUS AND CONSIDERAbLY DISTORTED (I.E. A DEvELOPmENTAL vARIATION). DORSAL fOLD wITH CAUDAL mARGIN IN DORSAL vIEw mORE EvENLY CONvEX THAN SHOwN, EXTENDING A LITTLE LESS CAUDAD. INTERNAL LObES Of DORSAL wALL ALmOST COmPLETELY CONCEALED IN DORSAL vIEw TO wELL PROjECTING. VALvES mAY bE mUCH mORE SEPARATED THAN SHOwN, IN LATERAL vIEw wITH DORSAL mARGIN SIGmOID TO ALmOST EvENLY CONvEX RIGHT TO THE APEX, vENTRAL mARGIN EvENLY CONCAvE, APEX NOT UPTURNED AS SHOwN . VENTRAL SACS NOT REACHING fURTHER CAUDAD THAN HALf wAY ALONG THE vALvES TO EXTENDING fURTHER THAN SHOwN, wHEN THE APICAL PORTION Of THE DORSAL mARGIN mAY bE vISIbLE IN LATERAL vIEw. VENTRAL fOLD SLIGHTLY SHORTER THAN SHOwN. VENTRAL POCkET wITH CEPHALIC mARGIN SHALLOwLY ObTUSANGULATE, AS SHOwN, OR mORE EvENLY CONvEX . EPIPHALLUS IN LATERAL vIEw wITH DORSAL SURfACE Of DISk jUST vISIbLE CAUDAD AbOvE LATERAL PLATE, OR RISING wELL AbOvE THE LATERAL PLATE OvER ITS CAUDAL HALf, ITS DORSAL mARGIN CONvEX; CEPHALIC EXTREmITY LESS DIvERGING THAN SHOwN.

Colouration: TYPICALLY bRIGHT TO DULL GREEN, wITH OCCASIONAL GREY mORPHS (SEE APPENDIX 1). PROmINENT bROwN TERGAL mARkINGS. LATERAL fACIAL STRIPES RED OR YELLOw, USUALLY wITH LATERAL YELLOw STRIPES ALONG PRONOTUm AND AbDOmEN; mAGENTA COLOURATION AbSENT; DISTINCT wHITE, AND OfTEN TRIANGULAR, mEDIAN fACIAL REGION.

Diagnosis: THIS SPECIES IS THE ONLY mEmbER Of THE GENUS TO EXHIbIT THE ANCESTRAL mORAbINE kARYOTYPE Of 2 n ♂ = 17 AND 2 n ♀ = 18, AND AN XO SEX DETERmINING SYSTEm. IT CAN bE DISTINGUISHED mORPHOLOGICALLY fROm OTHER mEmbERS Of THE GENUS bY A COmbINATION Of THE RELATIvE PROPORTIONS Of THE SUbGENITAL PLATE AND COLOURATION, AS DESCRIbED IN THE kEY bELOw.

Distribution and seasonal cycle: THIS SPECIES IS THE mOST INLAND AND NORTHERLY-DISTRIbUTED IN THE GENUS, SPANNING A LATITUDINAL RANGE Of 20.35°S TO 29.65°S AND EXTENDING INLAND AS fAR AS 122.78°E. NYmPHS AND ADULTS CAN bE fOUND AT ANY TImE Of YEAR (KEARNEY, UNPUbLISHED).

Material examined: 1 fEmALE, 18 mI. NE Of HAmELIN H.S., NR. SHARk BAY (114.37, -26.23), 21 APR, 1968, COmmON,I.F.B. & UPTON,M. S.; 1 mALE, PINk HILLS, S Of MT. AUGUSTUS [ THE PINk HILLS] (116.93, -24.62), 24 JAN, 1972 , WHITE,M.J.D.; 2 mALES, 5 km SE Of MT. JAmES H.S., NW Of MEEkATHARRA (116.93, -24.88), 24 JAN, 1972 , WHITE,M.J.D.; 1 mALE, 20 km NNE Of LANDOR H.S (116.98, -24.95), 22 JAN, 1972 , WHITE,M.J.D.; 1 fEmALE, 15km SW Of NANNINE, NR. MEEkATHARRA (118.22, -27), 21 FEb, 1983 , WHITE,M.J.D.; 3 fEmALES, 15 mI. NNW Of WITTENOOm [WITTENOOm GORGE] (118.23, -22.07), 23 APR, 1963, CHINNICk,L.J.; 1 mALE, 10 mI. SW Of NANNINE (118.23, -26.97), 10 FEb, 1967, WHITE,M.J.D.; 1 mALE, 3 mI. SE Of MEEkATHARRA (118.5, -26.63), 10 FEb, 1967 , WHITE,M. J.D.; 3 mALES, 8 km S Of KARALUNDI MISS., NR. MEEkATHARRA (118.67, -26.18), 15 JAN, 1972 , WHITE,M.J.D.; 1 fEmALE, 12km E Of WINDSOR H.S., W Of SANDSTONE (118.68, -28.02), 20 FEb, 1983 , WHITE,M. J.D.; 1 fEmALE, 22 mI. SSE Of PEAk HILL (118.85, -25.83), 28 APR, 1963, CHINNICk,L.J.; 1 mALE, 26 mI. NE Of CARDAwAN HS, SSW Of MUNDIwINDI (119.5, - 24.5), 27 APR, 1963, CHINNICk,L.J.; 1 fEmALE, 7km WSW Of DEPOT SPRINGS H . S., E Of SANDSTONE (119.98, -27.93), 11 FEb, 1981 , WHITE,M.J.D.; 1 mALE, 17 mI. SW Of MUNDIwINDI (120.03, -23.97), 26 APR, 1963, CHINNICk,L.J.; 1 fEmALE, SAvORY Ck., CA. 8 mL. WNW Of NO. 1 RAbbIT fENCE (120.08, -20.35), 23 SEP, 1955, CALAbY,J.H.; 1 mALE, 6 mI. SW Of MUNDIwINDI (120.15, -23.87), 8 SEP, 1955, CALAbY,J.H.; 8 fEmALES 8 mALES , MAIL CHANGE WELL, VIOLET

RA . (120.55, -27.45), 13 JAN, 1972, WHITE,M. J.D.; 3 fEmALES 3 mALE, MAIL CHANGE WELL, VIOLET RA . (120.55, -27.45), 26 JAN, 1973, WHITE,M. J.D.; 2 fEmALES, MAIL CHANGE WELL, VIOLET RA . (120.55, -27.45), 8 FEb, 1975, WHITE,M. J.D.; 1 fEmALE, 8 km NW Of MENzIES (120.95, -29.65), 11 JAN, 1972, WHITE,M . J.D.; 1 mALE, OAkOvER R., 2 mL. ENE Of MT. HODGSON (121.2, -22.4), 10 SEP, 1955, CALAbY,J.H.; 1 fEmALE, 8 mI. W Of WONGAwOL H.S., NR. LAkE CARNEGIE (121.78, -26.12), 8 FEb, 1967, WHITE,M .J.D.; 1 fEmALE 1 mALES, 7 mI. N Of WONGAwOL H.S., NR. LAkE CARNEGIE (121.93, -26), 8 FEb, 1967, WHITE,M.J.D.; 2 fEmALES 2 mALES, 9 mI. NE Of WONGAwOL H.S., NR. LAkE CARNEGIE (122.02, -26.02), 8 FEb, 1967, WHITE,M.J.D.; 1 fEmALE, RUDALL RIvER (122.78, -22.32), 18 JUN, 1971, RICHARDS,K.T.

Taxonomic discussion: FORmER ANIC CODE NUmbER P151.

Biology: FOUND GENERALLY ON Acacia aneura (mULGA) bUT HAS ALSO bEEN fOUND ON A. acuminata AT TARmOOLA STATION, WA.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Warramaba virgo ♀ (Key 1963) a) lateral and b) dorsal images of an individual from NoWingi, Victoria, and W. ngadju sp. nov. ♀ sp. nov. c) lateral and d) frontal images from an individual from 23 km South of Boulder, Western Australia.