Dineura testaceipes ( Klug, 1816 )

Liston, Andrew, Prous, Marko & Vårdal, Hege, 2019, The West Palaearctic Dineura species, focussing on Sweden (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae), Zootaxa 4612 (4), pp. 501-517 : 509-510

Dineura testaceipes ( Klug, 1816)

Tenthredo (Allantus) testaceipes Klug, 1816: 84 . Holotype ♀ (GBIF-GISHym2761, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/ m9.figshare.7851425), die Gegend um Wien [ Austria, environs of Vienna], in ZMHUB, examined.

Dineura ventralis Zaddach, 1859: 10 . Syntypes ♀ ♂, bei Danzig [ Poland, near Gdansk], material lost. Mentioned as synonym of testaceipes by Dalla Torre (1894).

Pontania ancilla Konow, 1901a: 82 , 89–90. Syntypes ♀, Germania (in montibus Erzgebirge); lectotype ♀ designated by Muche (1970), in SDEI (GBIF-GISHym4138, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7851440). Type locality: Germany, Ore Mts.

Dineura testaceipes var. nigriventris Enslin, 1915: 321 . Syntypes, sex not stated, type locality not stated; lectotype ♀ here designated, in ZSM (GBIF-GISHym3090, images: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.7851443). Type locality: Germany, Lower Saxony, Liebenburg.

Additional description. Body length: ♀ 5.0– 6.5mm, ♂ 4.2–5.5. Pterostigma uniformly pale, or darkened on mar- gins, or near unicolorous brown; sometimes with base paler than rest. Female (Figs 15–16): Head black, except for pale labrum, sometimes whole clypeus, and more or less supraclypeal area; antenna from completely black to completely pale. Thorax black: darkest specimens with only tegula and upper posterior corner of pronotum pale; palest specimens with tegula, whole pronotum, broad margins of mesoscutal lobes, anterior of mesoscutellum, and mesepisternum except for ventral quarter pale. Abdomen from nearly completely black, except for pale hypopygium, valvifer 2, and cerci, to extensively pale on all sterna and downturned lateral parts of terga, with terga 8–10 completely pale; dorsum of terga 1–7 always mainly black. Lancet: Fig. 26. Male: range of variability similar to female. Penis valve: ventral spine much longer than dorsal one; ventral spine gradually tapering after medial constriction, and distal portion much longer than basal portion ( Figs 32–33 ).

Total number of specimens examined: 35.

Similar species. Dineura testaceipes is very similar in coloration to parcivalvis , including the range of variability. Females of these species can be distinguished by the proportions of the apical flagellomeres (Figs 19–20), whereas the difference between males is perhaps too slight to be of practical use (Figs 21–22). Possibly the shape of the tangium may be diagnostic, but this needs to be checked for a larger number of specimens: in parcivalvis tangium roughly triangular and higher in proportion to length (Fig. 27) than the proportionately lower and more rhomboid tangium of testaceipes (Fig. 26). Males can be distinguished by their penis valves (see key). Only very pale specimens of testaceipes , found in warmer parts of central and southern Europe but not Fennoscandia, are likely to be confused with stilata : see under that species.

Life history. Host plants: Sorbus aucuparia is the main host, recorded independently by many authors (e.g. Kangas 1985, Macek 2015), but in Europe also fed upon are Sorbus aria ( Liston et al. 2012; reared by E. Altenhofer, unpublished), S. intermedia (Fig. 2: see below, under Uppland, Arlanda Airport), Crataegus spp. ( Macek 2015), and Cotoneaster sp. ( Benander 1966; and recorded in Siberia from C. melanocarpa [sic! recte melanocarpus G. Lodd. ] by Vershutskii (1981), as stilata ). Verzhutskii (1981) described rearing larvae with conspicuous, apically bifid setae found in East Siberia on Crataegus sp. and Cotoneaster melanocarpus . According to current knowledge (see particularly Macek 2015), these do not belong to stilata (larvae with shorter, non-bifid setae) or parcivalvis (larva unknown, but only host supposed to be Prunus padus ), but were probably testaceipes . Perhaps the record published by Cameron (1875) of larvae identified as stilata on Sorbus torminalis also refers to testaceipes .

Distribution. Northern and central Europe, including Britain and Ireland ( Taeger et al. 2006), and Transpalaearctic to the southern Russian Far East ( Zhelochovtsev & Zinovjev 1995). Occurrence in Sweden: published records; Skåne (Lindholmen and Ringsjön) ( Thomson 1871, as Nematus testaceipes ), Skåne (Kullaberg) ( Benander 1966). Material examined: Skåne, Öland, Östergötland, Västmanland, Dalarna, Lycksele Lappmark.

Specimens examined. Austria: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym31800), Zwettl, Annatsberg, 1– 30.09.1988, reared Sorbus aucuparia , leg. E. Altenhofer ( SDEI) . 1♀, 1♂ (DEI-GISHym19240, 19241), Lower Austria, Kirchberg am Walde ,

reared Sorbus aucuparia , em. 29.05.2004, leg. E. Altenhofer (SDEI). 1♂, Lower Austria, Araburg , coll. 3.10.1987 as larva Sorbus aria , leg. E. Altenhofer ( SDEI) .

Estonia: 1♂ (DEI-GISHym31233), Jõgevamaa, Mustvee 1.8 km S, 40 m ., 58.83°N 26.94°E, 04.06.2015, leg. Liston, Prous & Taeger ( SDEI) . 1♀, Läänemaa, Karuse 1 km S, 25 m, 58.61°N 23.70°E, 06.06.2015 ( SDEI) .

Finland: 3♀ ( SDEI), including 1♀ (DEI-GISHym19623), Hämeenlinna, Mootrata, suolenkki, 30.05.2009, leg. I. Kakko ( SDEI) .

Germany: 6♀, 3♂ ( SDEI, ZSM) .

Scotland: 1♀ ( SDEI) .

Sweden: Skane: 1♀, Ellestadssjön , 16.06.1969, leg. H. Andersson ( MZLU) . Öland : 1♀ ( NHRS- HEVA000003429 ) , Färjestaden , 56.65°N 16.45°E, 1.7.1928, leg. Wieslander ( NHRS) . 1♀, Station Linné 1km E, 40 m, 56.62°N 16.51°E, 29.05.2013, Liston, Prous & Taeger ( SDEI) . 1♀, Byxelkrok 2km SE, 17.06.2016, leg. Liston ( SDEI) . Östergötland: 2♀ 4♂ (NHRS-HEVA000005867 to 5872) [no further data], leg. Haglund ( NHRS) . Uppland: 1 larva (DEI-GISHym80496), Arlanda Airport, near Terminal 5, Sorbus intermedia , 08.08.2017, leg. Liston & Prous ( SDEI) . Västmanland: 1♀ (DEI-GISHym20597), Lindesberg 11km NW, 90 m, 59.67°N 15.14°E, 01.06.2013, Li- ston, Prous & Taeger ( SDEI) . Dalarna: 1♂ (NHRS-HEVA000005873), Särna , 61.68°N 13.13°E, 07.1907 ( NHRS) . Lycksele Lappmark: 1♂ (NHRS-HEVA000005875), Sorsele , 65.53°N 17.50°E, 14.07.1928, leg. Gaunitz ( NHRS) . Lapponia borealis : 1♀ (NHRS-HEVA000005874) ( NHRS) .

Figures

FIGURES 28–35. Dineura, penis valves. 28 virididorsata ♂, penis valve (80155). 29 virididorsata ♂, penis valve (19664; formerly det. pullior). 30–31 stilata ♂, penis valve (11350). 32–33 Dineura testaceipes ♂, penis valve (31800). 34 Dineura parcivalvis ♂, Russian Far East, penis valve (80232). 35 Dineura parcivalvis ♂, Finland, penis valve [“allotyp” FMNH].