Hylaeaicum wurdackii (L.B. Sm.) Leme, Zizka & Aguirre-Santoro, 2021

Leme, Elton M. C., Zizka, Georg, Paule, Juraj, Santoro, Julián Aguirre-, Heller, Sascha, Ramírez-Morillo, Ivón M., Halbritter, Heidemarie, Mariath, Jorge E. A., De, Jordano D. T. & Forzza, Rafaela C., 2021, Re-evaluation of the Amazonian Hylaeaicum (Bromeliaceae: Bromelioideae) based on neglected morphological traits and molecular evidence, Phytotaxa 499 (1), pp. 1-60 : 49-51

Hylaeaicum wurdackii (L.B. Sm.) Leme, Zizka & Aguirre-Santoro , comb. nov.

Basionym :— Neoregelia wurdackii L.B. Sm. , Phytologia. 9: 244, pl. 1, figs. 3-5. 1963. Type :— PERU. Amazonas : Provincia Bagua, forested ridge on the right bank of Rio Santiago, 3-4 km above the mouth, 300-350 m elevation, 29 October 1962, J.J. Wurdack 2469 (holotype US!, isotypes NY!, USM!) .

Key to genera of Bromelioideae with sessile to shortly pedunculate, capitate, mostly densely corymbose inflorescence sunken in the leaf rosette. The identification key presented here aims to enable the recognition of genera as a whole or part of their species that can be confused with Hylaeaicum due to the structure and position in the rosette of their inflorescences.

Leaf rosettes with clear impounding water capacity ..........................................................................................................................

’ Leaf rosettes without any impounding water capacity ..................................................................................................................... 4 Inflorescence not involucrate, capitate; primary bracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the outer fascicles, or inflorescence simple

’ Inflorescence involucrate; primary bracts showy, distinctly exceeding the outer fascicles ............................................................... Petals suberect to spreading, rounded, acute to acuminate; stamens usually visible at anthesis ....................................................... 4

’ Petals forming a long tubular corolla, obtuse-cucullate; stamens not visible at anthesis......................................... Nidularium p.p.

4 Leaf blades 5–10 cm wide..................................................................................................................................................................

4’ Leaf blades 2–4 cm wide.................................................................................................................................................................... Sepals distinctly lanate; petals free, green.................................................................................................................. Edmundoa p.p.

’ Sepals inconspicuously sublanate; petals connate at the base, white.......................................................................... Wittrockia p.p. Sepals subsymmetric, connate at the base; petals unappendaged, white; inflorescence 3–6 cm in diameter .......... Canistropsis p.p.

’ Sepals distinctly asymmetrical, subfree; petals with appendages, rose; inflorescence 6–12 cm in diameter ............. Canistrum p.p. Ovules long caudate with chalazal appendage more than three times longer than the ovule ............................................................

’ Ovules obtuse, apiculate or shortly caudate, with chalazal appendages shorter than the ovule......................................................... 9 Flowers inconspicuously pedicellate with the pedicel not contrasting with the ovary; sepals entire, erect; petal acute to acuminate .......................................................................................................................................................................................... Hylaeaicum

’ Flowers distinctly pedicellate with the pedicel sharply contrasting with the ovary; sepals distinctly spinulose, spreading; petal obtuse-cucullate........................................................................................................................................... Aechmea aculeatosepala

9 Flowers pedicellate........................................................................................................................................................................... 0

9’ Flowers sessile..................................................................................................................................................................................

0 Inflorescence deeply sunk in the leaf rosette (petal excluded) below or slightly emerging from the accumulated water-level in the central tank, usually simple or rarely compound; pedicel distinct and sharply contrasting with the ovary; petals becoming strongly spiraled inrolled or involute after anthesis ........................................................................................................... Neoregelia

0’ Inflorescesce usually surpassing leaf sheaths and partially to distinctly situated above the accumulated water-level in the central tank, always compound; pedicel inconspicuous; petals becoming flaccidescent after anthesis .............................. Canistropsis p.p. Petals rounded, acute or acuminate ..................................................................................................................................................

’ Petals obtuse-cucullate; Ecuador......................................................................... Aechmea of the “Streptocalycoid complex” p.p. Inflorescence simple; petal white or light blue; ovules obtuse.........................................................................................................

’ Inflorescence distinctly compound; petal lilac, rose or bright yellow; ovules apiculate to shortly caudate with chalazal appendage shorter than the ovule .......................................................................................................................... Aechmea subg. Aechmea p.p. Leaves thin in texture, ca. 10 in number, 30–60 cm long; petals free; Colombia, Ecuador, and Panamá........................................... ................................................................................................................................................................................... Ronnbergia p.p.

’ Leaves strongly coriaceous, over 30 in number, 80–195 cm long; petal distinctly connate at the base; Northeastern Brazil............. ....................................................................................................................................................................................... Karawata p.p.

4 Filaments forming a distinct tube .....................................................................................................................................................

4’ Filaments not forming a tube or sometimes adnate at the base to the petals and forming a short common structure with petals and style................................................................................................................................................................................................... Inflorescence compound; involucral bracts spinose or spinulose ................................................................................. Bromelia p.p.

’ Inflorescence simple; involucral bracts entire.............................................................................................................. Deinacanthon Inflorescence compound or rarely simple then leaf rosettes not exceeding 10 cm in diameter; Southeastern Brazil......................... ........................................................................... genera of the “Cryptanthoid complex” (see key to genera in Leme et al. 2017).

’ Inflorescence simple; leaf rosettes over 30 cm in diameter; Chile................................................................................................... Plants caulescent; petal unappendaged, rose ...................................................................................................................... Ochagavia

’ Plants stemless or with a short stout stem; petal with basal appendages, deep to light blue .......................................... Fascicularia

Key to the species of Hylaeaicum . This identification key is provisional because the needed review of the species of the genus is currently under development and when concluded it will provide new data for a more consistent circumscription of the species. It was built mostly on the basis of the morphological information obtained from the protologues, type specimens, and specimens deposited in some herbaria in Brazil, Colombia , and United States of America.

Inflorescence distinctly compound, exhibiting clear fascicles...........................................................................................................

’ Inflorescence pseudosimple, without clear fascicles, or simple......................................................................................................... 9 Sepals 18–32 mm long .......................................................................................................................................................................

’ Sepals 10–15 mm long ....................................................................................................................................................................... Leaf sheath longer or as long as the leaf blade; leaves to 15 cm long; sepals 16–18 mm long .................................. H. peruvianum

’ Leaf sheath much shorter than the leaf blade; leaves more than 20 cm long; sepals more than 20 mm long.................................... 4

4 Inflorescence 1–2 cm in diameter, with no more than 15 flowers; floral bracts acuminate......................................... H. margaretae

4’ Inflorescence 5–12 cm in diameter, with more than 20 flowers; floral bracts acute.......................................................................... Leaf blade linear-oblong, 25–40 mm wide; leaf sheath 18–20 cm long; sepals 30–32 mm long ...................................... H. roseum

’ Leaf blade ligulate, 45–80 mm wide; leaf sheath 12–15 cm long; sepals 21–26 mm long................................................................ Leaf blade with both surfaces concolorous ................................................................... H. eleutheropetalum var. eleutheropetalum

’ Leaf blade discolorous with the abaxial surface distinctly white-lepidote........................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................ H. eleutheropetalum var. bicolor Outer leaves to 20 cm long; leaf sheath slightly shorter than the leaf blade; leaf blade 45–50 mm wide, narrowly triangular; inflorescence bearing 8 to 10 flowers .................................................................................................................................... H. meeanum

’ Outer leaves more than 30 cm long; leaf sheaths much shorter than the leaf blades; leaf blades 10–30 mm wide, linear-oblong; inflorescence bearing more than 15 flowers....................................................................................................................................... Inner leaves bright pink at anthesis; sepals lepidote ...................................................................................................... H. wurdackii

’ Inner leaves green or red; sepals glabrous............................................................................................................ H. myrmecophilum

9 Sepals 18–22 mm long ..................................................................................................................................................................... 0

9’ Sepals 10–14 mm long ..................................................................................................................................................................... 4

0 Leaf sheath almost as long as the leaf blade.....................................................................................................................................

0’ Leaf sheath much shorter than the leaf blade ................................................................................................................................... Leaf sheath inflated, forming a subglobose rosette; leaf blade ligulate with rounded apex; floral bracts exceeded by the sepals...... ......................................................................................................................................................................................... H. levianum

’ Leaf sheath slightly convex, forming a funnelform rosette; leaf blade narrowly triangular with acuminate apex; floral bracts equaling the sepals....................................................................................................................................................... H. peruvianum Leaf blade ligulate, 30–40 mm wide, apex broadly acute; floral bracts acuminate; leaf rosette with more than 20 leaves ................ ...................................................................................................................................................................................... H. margaretae

’ Leaf blade linear-oblong, 5–10 mm wide, apex attenuate; floral bracts acute; leaf rosette with 5–15 leaves ................................. Leaves ca. 38 cm long; leaf sheath green.............................................................................................. H. pendulum var. pendulum

’ Leaves ca. 18 cm long; leaf sheath dark purple at base ...................................................................... H. pendulum var. brevifolium

4 Leaf blade more than 50 cm long; outer leaves green, inner leaves pink at anthesis; stolons flattened ....................... H. wurdackii

4’ Leaf blade 10–35 cm long; outer leaves the same color as the inner ones; stolons terete ............................................................... Petals suberect at anthesis; leaf sheath 13–15 cm long, almost as long as the leaf blade; leaves 30 cm long, about 20 in number.... ..................................................................................................................................................................................... H. mooreanum

’ Petals spreading at anthesis; leaf sheath 3–6 cm long, much shorter than the leaf blade; leaves 15–22 cm long, 5–15 in number .... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... Inflorescence with 12 to 18 flowers; leaf blade ligulate, 30–40 mm wide, apex rounded........................................ H. tarapotoense

’ Inflorescence with 2 to 4 flowers; leaf blade linear-oblong, 10–14 mm wide, apex attenuate ................................. H. stoloniferum