Glyptapanteles jamesrobertsoni Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles jamesrobertsoni Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 113 , 114

Female.

Body length 2.02 mm, antenna length 2.83 mm, fore wing length 2.53 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 07-SRNP-42572, DHJPAR0020736; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Rio Francia Arriba ; 400 m; 10.89666, -85.29003; 06.x.2007; Minor Carmona leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; white cocoons forming two rows cordwood adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 08.x.2004; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 31 (2♀, 3♂) (26♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-42572, DHJPAR0020736; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Sendero Perdido : • 20 (4♀, 0 ♂) (16♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-1228, DHJPAR0000283; rain forest; 620 m; 10.8794, -85.38607; 06.iii.2004; Elda Araya leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; white parallel cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 08.x.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Quebrada Cementerio : • 8 (3♀, 0 ♂) (5♀, 0 ♂); 04-SRNP-320, DHJPAR0000285; rain forest; 700 m; 10.87124, -85.38749; 15.i.2004; Gloria Sihezar leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; white parallel cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 04.ii.2004.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Quebrada San Francisco : • 10 (3♀, 2♂) (5♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-3214, DHJPAR0004239; rain forest; 690 m; 10.87247, -85.37933; 06.vi.2005; Osvaldo Espinoza leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; white separate cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.vi.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Bosque Trampa Malaise : • 21 (3♀, 3♂) (15♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-6502, DHJPAR0004783; rain forest; 815 m; 10.86280, -85.38460; 17.x.2005; Yessenia Mendoza leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; cordwood of cocoons stacked on each side of cadaver and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.xi.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Rincon : • 14 (3♀, 1♂) (10♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-43610, DHJPAR0004768; 430 m; 10.8962, -85.27769; 07.xii.2005; José Pérez leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; adult parasitoids emerged on 13.xii.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Albergue Crater : • 41 (3♀, 2♂) (36♀, 0 ♂); 10-SRNP-5531, DHJPAR0041769; 980 m; 10.84886, -85.3281; 23.ix.2010; Osvaldo Espinoza leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; two rows of cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 07.x.2010.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Sendero Laguna: • 27 (4♀, 4♂) (11♀, 8♂); 06-SRNP-65592, DHJPAR0012669; rain forest; 680 m; 10.9888, -85.42336; 16.xii.2006; Petrona Rios leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; white small disordered cordwood cocoons on each side of cadaver, but only approximating, and not tightly glued to leaf, cocoons formed on 29.xii.2006; adult parasitoids emerged on 06.i.2007.

Malaise-trapped material.

COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Potrero Argentina : • 1 (1♀, 0 ♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67753, DHJPAR0027491; pastures; Malaise ; 520 m; 10.89021, -85.38803; 09.viii.2007; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Bosque Trampa Malaise : • 1 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-67833, DHJPAR0027629; Malaise; rain forest; 815 m; 10.86280, -85.38460; 09.viii.2007; DH Janzen & W Hallwachs leg.

Diagnosis.

Face flat or nearly so, area just behind transscutal articulation with a sloped transverse strip ( Figs 113B , 114B ), ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, inner spur of hind tibia much longer than outer spur, median area on T2 broader than long ( Figs 113D, G , 114D, G ), propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina, propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Figs 113C , 114C ), petiole on T1 distally with lateral margins relatively straight, finely sculptured only distally ( Figs 113D, G , 114D, G ), surface of metasternum flat or nearly so, precoxal groove deep with lineate sculpture ( Figs 113A, E , 114A, E ), fore wing with vein 1 cu-a curved, r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 113I , 114I ), dorsal outer depression on hind coxa present ( Figs 113A, F , 114A, F ), inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets, and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 113D, G , 114D, G ).

Coloration

( Fig. 113A ). General body coloration brown-black except scape, pedicel, labrum, and mandibles yellow-brown; first three-four proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (yellow-brown) than ventrally (brown), remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except yellow-brown/light brown coxae (fore coxae inner side yellow-brown) and brown claws; hind legs yellow except brown coxae, apex of femora brown, distal 1/3 of tibiae and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 with two colorations: proximal half yellow and distal half black, and contours darkened; T2 with median and wide adjacent areas black, and sublateral ends yellow; T3 mostly black forming a triangle that looks like a continuum of pyramid of median area on T2, and lateral ends yellow; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow yellowish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 and S1-3 completely yellow, remaining terga and sterna completely dark brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 113A, B, E ). Head rounded with short and dense pubescence. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.19:0.07, 0.19:0.07, 0.19:0.07), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.12:0.06, 0.09:0.06), antenna longer than body (2.83, 2.02); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with dense fine punctations, interspaces smooth and longitudinal median carina present. Frons smooth. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces clearly smooth. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight, POL shorter than OOL (0.09, 0.11). Malar suture present. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 113 A–C, E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Distal 1/3 of mesoscutum with lateral margin slightly dented, punctation distinct proximally with polished area distally, interspaces with microsculpture. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with a little, complete parallel carinae; dorsal ATS groove with semicircular/parallel carinae. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with a smooth and shiny sloped transverse strip. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM semicircular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick, smooth and with a distal flat flange; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half relatively polished and with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle distally framed by a short concave carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with a mix of rugae and fine punctation, dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep with faintly transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.12, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.21, 0.16), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.10).

Wings ( Fig. 113I, J ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming a weak, even curve at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as tubular vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved, incomplete/broken and not reaching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally evenly convex and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 113A, D, F–H ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 finely sculptured only distally, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 (length 0.31, maximum width 0.16, minimum width 0.08) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.15, length T2 0.15), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.15, maximum width 0.20, minimum width 0.07), T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.21, 0.15) and with scattered pubescence only distally. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. White oval cocoons with silk fibers that are messy/disordered/fluffy. Two rows of cordwood cocoons on each side of cadaver caterpillar and adhered to the leaf substrate.

Comments.

Both sexes with slim bodies.

Male

( Fig. 114 A–J ). Coloration and shape similar to female.

Etymology.

James Robertson is a coleopterologist interested in biodiversity, evolution, and ecology of Cucujoidea [ Erotylidae (pleasing fungus beetles), Bothrideridae (ectoparasitic, cocoon-forming beetles), Cerylonidae (minute fungus beetles), Corylophidae (minute hooded beetles), and Discolomatidae (Mexican hat beetles)]. He is a postdoctoral associate at the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Pitilla (Sendero Laguna), Sector Rincón Rain Forest ( Río Francia Arriba, Sendero Albergue Crater, and Sendero Rincón), and Sector San Cristóbal (Bosque Trampa Malaise, Sendero Perdido, Quebrada Cementerio, and Quebrada San Francisco), during January and March 2004, June, October, and December 2005, December 2006, October 2007, and November 2010 at 400 m, 430 m, 620 m, 690 m, and 700 m in rain forest.

Adult parasitoids were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector San Cristóbal (Bosque Trampa Malaise and Potrero Argentina), during August 2007 at 520 m and 815 m in pasture and rain forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Antiblemma sp. Hübner ( Erebidae : Eulepidotinae) feeding on Psychotria chagrensis , P. graciliflora , and Psychotria panamensis ( Rubiaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in third, fourth and fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 113. Glyptapanteles jamesrobertsoni sp. nov. female 06 - SRNP- 65592 DHJPAR 0012669, 07 - SRNP- 42572 DHJPAR 0020736 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind.

Figure 114. Glyptapanteles jamesrobertsoni sp. nov. male 06 - SRNP- 65592 DHJPAR 0012669, 07 - SRNP- 42572 DHJPAR 0020736 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H Genitalia: parameres, lateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind.