Ranitomeya reticulata, Boulenger, 1884

Brown, Jason L., Twomey, Evan, Amézquita, Adolfo, Souza, Moisés Barbosa De, Caldwell, Jana- Lee P., Lötters, Stefan, May, Rudolf Von, Melo-Sampaio, Paulo Roberto, Mejía-Vargas, Daniel, Perez-Peña, Pedro, Pepper, Mark, Poelman, Erik H., Sanchez-Rodriguez, Manuel & Summers, Kyle, 2011, A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical poison frog genus Ranitomeya (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae) 3083, Zootaxa 3083 (1), pp. 1-120 : 48

Ranitomeya reticulata species group

Figs. 3 , 4 , 9 , 15 – 18

Tables 1, 4 – 6

A monophyletic assemblage of six species: Ranitomeya reticulata Boulenger 1884 “1883” with its junior synonym R. ignea Melin 1941 ; R. fantastica Boulenger, 1884 “1883”; R. ventrimaculata Shreve 1935 ; R. uakarii Brown, Schulte & Summers 2006 ; R. summersi Brown, Twomey, Pepper & Sanchez-Rodriguez 2008 and R. benedicta Brown, Twomey, Pepper, & Sanchez-Rodriguez 2008 .

Definition and diagnosis. Medium to large adult SVL (17 – 21 mm); black dorsum; typically orange to red dorsal patterning; LTRF 2 (2)/3, oral disc emarginate; large intestine entirely pigmented; eggs dark; promiscuous mating system, male parental care; grayish tadpoles and embryos, females produce between 2 – 5 eggs per mating. Vocalizations consist of a series of very short buzz-like notes (0.1 – 0.5 sec in length) given in rapid succession (104 – 200 notes per minute) ( Fig. 18 ) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. A consensus Bayesian phylogeny based on 1011 base pairs of aligned mitochondrial DNA sequences of the 12S (12s rRNA), 16S (16s rRNA) and cytb (cytochrome-b gene) regions. Thickened branches represent nodes with posterior probabilities 90 and greater, other values are shown on nodes. Taxon labels depict current specific epithet, number in tree, the epithet being used prior to this revision (contained in parentheses), and the collection locality. A. Top segment. B. Middle segment. C. Bottom segment of phylogeny.

FIGURE 4. Putative species tree for Andinobates, Excidobates, and Ranitomeya. Placement of species where molecular data were lacking (A. altobueyensis, A. viridis, A. abditus, A. daleswansoni and R. opisthomelas) was based on morphology. Andinobates altobueyensis and A. viridis were placed as sister taxa due to the absence of dark pigmentation on dorsal body and limbs and overall similar dorsal coloration and patterning. These species were placed as sister to A. fulguritus (sequenced) on the basis of similar dorsal coloration (bright green to greenish-yellow). Andinobates opisthomelas was placed in the bombetes group in a polytomy with A. bombetes and A. virolinensis (both sequenced) due to their similar advertisement calls and morphology, particularly their red dorsal pattern and marbled venter. Andinobates daleswansoni was placed as sister to A. dorisswansonae due to the absence of a well-defined first toe in both species. Andinobates abditus was placed in the bombetes group based on a larval synapomorphy which appears to be diagnostic of that group (wide medial gap in the papillae on the posterior labium). However, A. abditus was placed as the sister species to all other members of the bombetes group due to the absence of bright dorsal coloration and isolated geographic distribution. Andinobates abditus is currently the only species of its genus known to occur in the east-Andean versant, thus its placement remains speculative until molecular data become available. Photo credits: Thomas Ostrowski, Karl-Heinz Jungfer, Victor Luna-Mora, Giovanni Chaves-Portilla.

FIGURE 9. Known elevation distributions of Ranitomeya. Dotted line is mean for all samples. Dark boxes display the total elevation range of each species, within each contains a corresponding box plot.

FIGURE 15. Ranitomeya Plate 3. reticulata group: A–D: Ranitomeya benedicta (all from Peru); A–B: Shucushuyacu, Loreto (1Φ); C-D: Pampa Hermosa, Loreto. E–L: Ranitomeya fantastica (all from Peru); E: Yurimaguas, Loreto; F: near Yumbatos, San Martin; G: Pongo de Cainarachi, San Martin (Ω); H: Cainarachi Valley, San Martin (Ω); I: San Antonio, San Martin (KS); J: Tarapoto, San Martin (Ω); K: Santa María de Nieva, Loreto (K.-H. Jungfer, 1Φ); L: Lower Huallaga Canyon, San Martin (Ω). M & N: Ranitomeya summersi (all from San Martin, Peru); M: Chazuta (3Φ); N: Sauce (Ω). O–R: Ranitomeya reticulata (all from Loreto, Peru); O-P: Iquitos (Ω); Q: Puerto Almendras (PPP); R: Upper Rio Itaya (PPP). (nΦ= number of individual in phylogeny, Ω = population sampled in phylogeny).

FIGURE 16. Ranitomeya Plate 4. reticulata group: A–G: Ranitomeya reticulata (all from Loreto, Peru); A: Lower Rio Itaya (Ω); B–D: Upper Itaya Drainage; E-F: Rio Sucusari (KS); G: 30 km west of Pevas (MSR). H–M: Ranitomeya ventrimaculata: H: Kapawi, Pastaza, EC (L. Coloma, 7Φ); I: Upper Curaray Drainage, Loreto, PE (PPP); J: Yasuní, Orellana, EC (A. Blasco Z., Ω); K: central Rio Nanay (M. Callegari, 6Φ); L: Holotype at MCZ, Sarayacu, Pastaza, Ecuador; M: Yasuní, Orellana, EC (J. Yeager, Ω); N: Yasuní, Orellana, EC (S. Ron, Ω). O & P: Ranitomeya uakarii (all from Loreto, Peru): O: Tamshiyacu village (8Φ) P: Quebrada Blanco (12Φ). (nΦ = number of individual in phylogeny;Ω = population sampled in phylogeny).

FIGURE 17. Ranitomeya Plate 5. reticulata group: A–I: Ranitomeya uakarii: A: Central Rio Yavari, Loreto, Peru (PPP); B: Quebrada Blanco, Loreto, Peru (PPP, Ω); C: Rio Boncuya, Loreto, Peru (G. Gagliardi); D: Tournavista, Huánuco (A. Toebe); E: Porto Walter, Acre, Brazil (JPC); F: Rio Los Amigos, Madre de Dios, Peru (RVM); G: R. uakarii sp. aff. Caquetá, Colombia (J. M. Rengifo); H: R. uakarii sp. aff. Iwokrama, Guyana (unknown photographer); I: Guzmania bromeliad with R. uakarii embryos near Tamshiyacu village, Loreto, Peru. (Ω = population sampled in phylogeny).

FIGURE 18. Advertisement calls of Ranitomeya species in the fantastica group. A. Ranitomeya reticulata from Iquitos, Loreto, Peru, recorded at 29° C; B. Ranitomeya ventrimaculata, unknown locality or temperature; C. Ranitomeya fantastica from Cainarachi valley, San Martín, Peru, recorded at 24° C; D. Ranitomeya summersi from Sauce, San Martín, Peru, recorded in captivity at 24.5° C; E. Ranitomeya benedicta from Shucushuyacu, Loreto, Peru, recorded in captivity at 26.5° C; F. Ranitomeya uakarii from Rio Tahuayo, Loreto, Peru, recorded in captivity at 26° C.