Glyptapanteles jjrodriguezae Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles jjrodriguezae Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 123 , 124

Female.

Body length 2.07 mm, antenna length 1.81 mm, fore wing length 2.02 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 09-SRNP-70365, DHJPAR0035414; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Manguera ; rain forest; 470 m; 10.99590, -85.39842; 15.v.2009; Ricardo Calero leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and already present in the caterpillar; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.v.2009; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 73 (3♀, 4♂) (33♀, 33♂); 09-SRNP-70365, DHJPAR0035414; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Bosque Humedo : • 11 (3♀, 1♂) (4♀, 0 ♂); 93-SRNP-7332, DHJPAR0000081; dry forest; 290 m; 10.85145, -85.60801; 27.x.1993 ; gusaneros leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown cocoons neatly aligned in two rows of cordwood on each side of live larva, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.xi.1993. • 19 (3♀, 3♂) (9♀, 4♂); 93-SRNP-7333, DHJPAR0000082; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar instar not reported; neat brown cocoons forming two rows of cordwood on both sides of the larva, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed 31.x.1993 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 05.xi.1993. • 38 (3♀, 4♂) (31♀, 0 ♂); 94-SRNP-12, DHJPAR0000084; 02.i.1994; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar instar not reported; stacked up brown/gray cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 07.i.1994 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 12.i.1994.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Santa Rosa, Alacrán: • 29 (3♀, 3♂) (18♀, 5♂); 92-SRNP-3413, DHJPAR0000065; dry forest; 260 m; 10.89249, -85.60336; 16.vii.1992 ; gusaneros leg.; brown cocoons in neat row of cordwood on each side of caterpillar, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 17.vii.1992; adult parasitoids emerged on 25.vii.1992.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Pitilla, Manguera: • 74 (4♀, 4♂) (33♀, 33♂); 09-SRNP-70365, DHJPAR0035414; rain forest; 470 m; 10.99590, -85.39842; 15.v.2009; Ricardo Calero leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the larval cuticle and already present in the caterpillar; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.v.2009.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristobal, Rio Blanco Abajo : • 15 (3♀, 1♂) (11♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-828, DHJPAR0020735; rain forest; 500 m; 10.90037, -85.37254; 22.ii.2008; Gloria Sihezar leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; brown cordwood cocoons on each side of caterpillar, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 10.iii.2008. • 31 (3♀, 2♂) (26♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-877, DHJPAR0020732; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cordwood cocoons on each side of cadaver adhered to the leaf substrate. • 20 (3♀, 2♂) (15♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-878, DHJPAR0020889; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cordwood cocoons on each side of caterpillar cadaver, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 31.iii.2008 . • 43 (3♀, 1♂) (39♀, 0 ♂); 08-SRNP-949, DHJPAR0020734; same data as for preceding except: Elda Araya; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; two rows of cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 07.iii.2008 .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Ficus : • 29 (3♀, 3♂) (20♀, 3♂); 07-SRNP-56363, DHJPAR0030831; dry-rain intergrade forest; 375 m; 10. 77090, -85. 42455; 10.v.2007; José Alberto Sánchez leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; jumbled cordwood of cocoons on each side of the cadaver, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 17.v.2007; adult parasitoids emerged on 21.v.2007. 45 (2♀, 2♂) (29♀, 12♂); 07-SRNP-56372, DHJPAR0030821; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in second instar; single rwo of brown cordwood cocoons on each side of the caterpillar .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Quebrada Tibio Perla: • 7 (2♀, 3♂) (2♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-56485, DHJPAR0031181; dry-rain intergrade forest; 330 m; 10.76261, -85.42979; 14.v.2007; Jose Cortez leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; small brown cocoons forming irregular cordwood on each side of cadaver, cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 17.v.2007; adult parasitoids emerged on 20.v.2007, 21.v.2007, 27.v.2007.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Guanacaste, Sector Mundo Nuevo, Vado Huacas : • 2 (0 ♀, 1♂) (0 ♀, 1♂); 07-SRNP-56495, DHJPAR0030800; dry-rain intergrade forest; 490 m; 10.75533, -85.39117; 14.v.2007 ; Jose Alberto Sánchez leg.; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; brown cordwood cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 20.v.2007 ; adult parasitoids emerged on 27.v.2007, 30.v.2007; Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae) was reported as hyperparasitoid. • 18 (3♀, 3♂) (9♀, 3♂); 07-SRNP-56496, DHJPAR0030901; same data as for preceding except: brown cordwood cocoons on each side of larva; adult parasitoid emerged on 28.v.2007 . • 31 (0 ♀, 5♂) (0 ♀, 22♂); 07-SRNP-56497, DHJPAR0030898; same data as for preceding except: caterpillar collected in fifth instar; irregularly cordwood cocoons on both sides of the larva, cocoons formed on 17.v.2007 ; adult parasitoids on 21.v.2007.

Diagnosis.

Antenna shorter than body, malar suture absent or difficult to see ( Fig. 123E ), longitudinal median carina on face present, surface of metasternum flat or nearly so, fore wing with r vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins not forming a stub ( Figs 123I , 124H ), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate, petiole on T1 evenly narrowing distally, completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen ( Figs 123D, G , 124D, G ), propodeum without median longitudinal carina ( Figs 123C , 124C ), and lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 ( Figs 123D, G , 124D, G ).

Coloration

( Fig. 123A ). General body coloration dark brown although ventrally light brown, except scape, pedicel, labrum and mandibles yellow-brown; first five proximal antennal flagellomeres dorsally lighter (yellow-brown) than ventrally (brown), remaining flagellomeres brown on both sides; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except brown coxae and claws; hind legs yellow except dark brown coxae, most of the femora yellow-brown (coloration intensity increasing from proximal to distal), most of tibia and tarsomeres brown, although basitarsus with a proximal yellow band. Petiole on T1 light brown, contours slightly darkened, and sublateral areas yellow; T2 with median area dark brown, adjacent area brown with smeared yellow boundaries, and lateral ends yellow; T3 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 yellow; T4 and beyond brown. S1-3 yellow; S4 proximal half yellow, distal half brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 123A, B, E ). Head rounded with pubescence short and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.13:0.05, 0.14:0.05, 0.14:0.05), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.10:0.05, 0.08:0.05), antenna shorter than body (1.81, 2.07); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face flat or nearly so, with dense fine punctations, interspaces with microsculpture and longitudinal median carina present. Frons punctate. Temple wide, punctate and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes diverging slightly at antennal sockets; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.08, 0.10). Malar suture absent or difficult to see. Median area between lateral ocelli slightly depressed. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 123 A–C, E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum proximally convex and distally flat, punctation distinct throughout, interspaces with microsculpture. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation scattered throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove with carinae only proximally. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation smooth, shiny and depressed centrally. Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM semicircular without median longitudinal carina; AFM without setiferous lobes and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick, smooth and with a distal flat flange; ATM proximally with a groove with some sculpturing and distally smooth. Propodeum polished without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved; distal edge of propodeum without flange; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum smooth, but both dorsal and ventral furrows with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine punctations throughout and dorsally with a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron convex; precoxal groove deep with faintly transverse lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus slightly excavated and with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.05). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression present. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.19, 0.14), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus as equal in length as fourth tarsomere (0.10, 0.09).

Wings ( Fig. 123I, J ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein straight; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction not forming a stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A present only proximally as tubular vein; tubular vein 1 cu-a curved and complete, but junction with 1-1A vein spectral. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally and subproximally evenly convex, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 123A, D, F–H ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, evenly narrowing distally (length 0.26, maximum width 0.14, minimum width 0.07) and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.11, length T2 0.12), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area broader than long (length 0.11, maximum width 0.16, minimum width 0.05), T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.17, 0.12) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. Brown or gray oval cocoons with ordered silk fibers, but covered by a net. Two rows of cordwood cocoons on each side of live larvae and adhered to the leaf substrate.

Comments.

Both sexes with slim bodies.

Male

( Fig. 124 A–I ). Coloration and shape similar to female.

Etymology.

Josephine Jose Rodriguez is an American entomologist who has been working in Microgastrinae ( Braconidae ) and in biodiversity studies. Currently, she is an assistant professor of biology at the University of Virginia’s College at Wise, VA, USA.

Distribution.

Parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Mundo Nuevo (Quebrada Tibio Perla, Vado Ficus , and Vado Huacas), Sector San Cristobal ( Río Blanco Abajo), Sector Santa Rosa ( Alacrán, Bosque Humedo), and Sector Pitilla (Manguera), during July 1992; October 1993; January 1994; May 2007; February 2008; and May 2009 at 260, 290, 330, 375, 470, 490 and 500 m in dry forest, rain forest and dry-rain intergrade forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious. Mesochorus ( Ichneumonidae : Mesochorinae) was reported as hyperparasitoid.

Host.

Nagara vitrea ( Guenée) ( Noctuidae : Stictopterinae) feeding on Clusia cylindrica and Garcinia intermedia ( Clusiaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second, fourth, and fifth instar.

Figures

Figure 123. Glyptapanteles jjrodriguezae sp. nov. female 09 - SRNP- 70365 DHJPAR 0035414 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind.

Figure 124. Glyptapanteles jjrodriguezae sp. nov. male 09 - SRNP- 70365 DHJPAR 0035414 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsal view E Lateral view C Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum, dorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsal view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsal view H, I Wings H Fore I Hind.