Taraxacum disseminatum G.E.Haglund, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 41: 85. 1947.

Wolanin, Mateusz, Klichowska, Ewelina, Jedrzejczyk, Iwona, Rewers, Monika & Nobis, Marcin, 2023, Taxonomy and distribution of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma (Asteraceae) in Poland, PhytoKeys 224, pp. 1-88 : 1

5. Taraxacum disseminatum G.E.Haglund, Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 41: 85. 1947.

Type.

Sweden, Göteborg, 9 May 1943, T. A. Borgvall (holotype in S) .

Description.

Plants middle to quite large-sized, 5-15(-20) cm tall. Leaves greyish-green, sparsely hairy on the upper side, approximately (5-)7-12(-15) cm long and (1.5)2-3(-4.0) cm wide, usually 3-4 times longer than wide, blades elliptical to oblanceolate, with 3-4(-6) pairs of lateral lobes; lateral lobes opposite to remote; lateral lobes of the inner leaves triangular, broad at the base, with a convex, strongly dentate and often incised distal margin, proximal margin usually entire or with a few teeth; lateral lobes of the outer leaves triangular, uniform, broad and short, with strong teeth at often incised and convex distal margin, proximal margin usually entire and slightly concave; interlobes narrow; terminal lobe of the inner leaves triangular, somewhat elongate, sometimes lingulate, denticulate on the upper margins; terminal lobe of the outer leaves triangular, subacute, entire or with a large tooth on the upper margins; petioles unwinged, purple. Scapes as long as or longer than leaves, sparsely hairy, especially under the capitulum, their lower parts usually purple in colour. Capitulum convex, 2.5-4.0 cm in diameter, yellow, medium dense, outer strips grey-purple; inner bracts dark grey-green, pruinose; outer bracts usually 9-12, lanceolate, usually 6-10 mm long, 2-3.5 mm broad, grey-green, with a distinct white hyaline margin (0.1-0.3 mm broad), arcuate-reflexed, without or with a small corniculum; stigmas dark, greyish-green, pollen present. Achenes red-brown, with thin and long spinules in the upper part, 3.5-4.2 mm long (incl. the 1.0-1.4 mm long, cylindrical pyramid), rostrum 7-9 mm long, pappus white.

Flowering period.

April-May.

Habitat.

Mostly sunny, termophilic-ruderal places such as roadsides, pastures, forest edges and paths. In Wielkopolska Lowland ( Chwałkowo Kościelne) we noted this species at the edge of a pine-oak grove accompanied by Adoxa moschatellina , Capsella bursa - Capsella pastoris , Geranium pusillum , Stellaria media , Taraxacum proximum , Veronica hederifolia s.l. In Podlachia ( Piątnica) we found this species in a pastured dry sandy grassland together with Achillea millefolium , Artemisia campestris , Cerastium semidecandrum , Echium vulgare , Festuca rubra , Galium mollugo , Pimpinella saxifraga , Plantago media , Potentilla arenaria , P. argentea , Salvia verticillata , Sedum acre , Taraxacum bellicum , Trifolium repens .

Somatic chromosome number.

24 ( Wolanin and Musiał 2017).

General distribution.

Central, Western and Northern Europe species, reported from France, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, Denmark, the Czech Republic, Poland, Finland, Norway, Sweden and Hungary ( Van Soest 1967, 1969; Doll 1973b; Tacik 1980; Kerguélen 1993; Lundevall and Øllgaard 1999; Uhlemann 2003; Głowacki et al. 2004; Trávníček et al. 2010; Wendt and Øllgaard 2015). This species is probably not native to Great Britain ( Sell and Murrell 2006; EURO+MED 2006 -onwards).

Distribution in Poland.

Scattered localities, rare (Fig. 10E ).

Specimens examined.

AB23 - Międzyzdroje, lawn, 53°56'10"N, 14°27'24"E, 30 April 2017, M. Wolanin (003261 UR), BD43 - Kebłowo, ruderal area near cemetery fence, 52°03'06"N, 16°06'34"E, 19 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003326 UR); CD41 - Chwałkowo Kościelne, roadside in forest, 51°59'41"N, 17°18'12"E, 16 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003327 UR); CF11 - Nysa ( Śląsk), May 1849, M. Winkler (WRSL); DA81 - Gdańsk (Stogi), roadside in forest, 54°22'15"N, 18°43'06"E, 7 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003313 UR); DC41 - Sąsieczno, pine forest edge, 52°57'03"N, 18°50'38"E; 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003471 UR); DC52 - between Wakole and Dąbrówka, roadside in pine forest, 52°51'40"N, 18°58'09"E, 29 April 2018, M. Wolanin (003450 UR); DF06 - Czarny Kamień near Moczydło, distr. Żarki, 29 May 1976, A. Sendek (12513 KTU); DF45 - Sosnowiec Maczki, roadside at pine forest edge, 50°15'34"N, 19°17'07"E, 2 May 2016, M. Wolanin (003300 UR); DF58 - Bolechowice, below calcareous rock, 21 May 1976, T. Tacik (575895 KRAM); FC13 - Piątnica ( Fort Lomza ), pastured grassland, 53°11'50"N, 22°06'53"E, 25 April 2016, M. Wolanin (003274, 003287, 003567 UR) .

Notes.

Plant quite large with a medium dense capitulum (particularly visible in the peripheral part of the inflorescence) up to 4 cm in diameter. Leaves broad with a rather large triangular terminal lobe. The terminal lobe edge is strongly lobed and serrated in the base part. Outer bracts with significant wide hyaline margin. Species distinct and easy to recognise, although not very common, and usually populations are not numerous (Figs 19 , 20 ).

Figures

Figure 10. Distribution maps of Taraxacum sect. Erythrosperma in Poland A T. bellicum B T. brachyglossum C T. cristatum D T. danubium E T. disseminatum F T. dissimile; black square - localities recorded during field studies, black circle - other localities known from herbarium data.

Figure 19. Variation in leaf shape in T. disseminatum; locality - Chwalkowo Koscielne (M. Wolanin 2016 UR). Scale bar: 5 cm.

Figure 20. Taraxacum disseminatum; locality - Chwalkowo Koscielne, 2016, photo by M. Wolanin.