Cnemaspis adangrawi, Ampai, Natee, Rujirawan, Attapol, Jr, Perry L. Wood, Stuart, Bryan L. & Anchalee Aowphol,, 2019
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publication ID |
https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.858.34297 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9B2E9663-2364-45C7-970E-260846A9734C |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E783766E-6BA0-4F3D-A1BD-968C130AB52B |
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taxon LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:act:E783766E-6BA0-4F3D-A1BD-968C130AB52B |
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treatment provided by |
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scientific name |
Cnemaspis adangrawi |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. Figures 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10
Holotype
( Figs 8a View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 , 10 View Figure 10 ). ZMKU R 00767, adult male from Thailand, Satun Province, Mueang Satun District, Tarutao National Park, Adang Island, Jonsalad Waterfall (6°30.7806'N, 99°18.0072'E; 84 m a.s.l.; Fig. 13A View Figure 13 ), collected on 9 November 2017 by Natee Ampai, Attapol Rujirawan, Siriporn Yodthong, and Korkwan Termprayoon.
Paratypes
( Figs 8b View Figure 8 , 11 View Figure 11 , 12 View Figure 12 ). Fourteen paratypes (adult males = 10, adult females = 4). ZMKU R 00768 (1 adult female), same locality and collectors as holotype. ZMKU R 00771 (1 adult female), and ZMKU R 00769-00770, THNHM 28206-28209 (6 adult males), same data as holotype except collected 6 April 2018. ZMKU R 00773, ZMKU R 00775, THNHM 28210 (3 adult males) and ZMKU R 00774 (1 adult female), same collectors as holotype except from Rawi Island (6°33.9084'N, 99°15.5088'E; 7 m a.s.l.; Fig. 13B View Figure 13 ), collected on 7 April 2018. ZMKU R 00776 (1 adult male) and THNHM 28211 (1 adult female), same collectors as holotype except from Rawi Island (6°33.3474'N, 99°15.0018'E; 7 m a.s.l.; Fig. 13C View Figure 13 ), collected on 8 April 2018.
Referred specimens.
ZMKU R 00772 and THNHM 28212-28215 (five juveniles), same data as holotype except collected 6 April 2018.
Diagnosis.
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Cnemaspis by having the following combination of characters: (1) adult males with maxi mum SVL length 44.9 mm (mean 41.8 ± SD 2.5, n = 11) and females with maximum SVL 43.8 mm (mean 42.5 ± SD 1.5, n = 4); (2) 10 supralabials and 9 infralabials; (3) 6-8 pore-bearing precloacal scales with rounded pores arranged in chevron shape and separated; (4) 23-25 paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged; (5) 26-28 subdigital lamellae under the 4th toe; (6) subcaudal scales keeled and lacking enlarge median row; (7) one postcloacal tubercle each side; (8) gular region, abdomen, limbs and subcaudal region yellowish in males only; (9) mid-gular marking absent in males and females. These differences are summarized for geographically close congeners in the siamensis group (Table 6).
Description of holotype.
Adult male; SVL 44.6 mm; head moderately sized (HL/SVL 0.26), narrow (HW/SVL 0.15), flattened (HD/HL 0.38), and head distinct from neck; snout moderate (ES/HL 0.47), snout slightly concave in lateral view; postnasal region constricted medially; scales of rostrum smooth, larger than conical scales on occiput; weak supraorbital ridges; lineate gular marking absent; gular and throat scales raised, keeled and round; shallow frontorostral sulcus; canthus rostralis nearly absent, smoothly rounded; eye large (ED/HL 0.20); pupil round; ear opening oval, taller than wide; rostral slightly concave; rostral bordered posteriorly by supranasals; 10, 10 (right, left) supralabials decreasing in size posteriorly; 9, 9 (right, left) infralabials decreasing in size posteriorly; nostril elliptical, oriented posterodorsally, bordered by small postnasal scales; mental large, triangular, concave bordered posteriorly by three large postmentals.
Body slender, elongate (AG/SVL 0.42); small, keeled, dorsal scales equal in size throughout body intermixed with several large, keeled, multicarinate tubercles randomly arranged; 24 paravertebral tubercles; tubercles absent on lower flanks; tubercles extend from occiput to base of tail; dorsal scales raised and keeled; pectoral and abdominal scales keeled, round, flat to concave, slightly larger than dorsal and not larger posteriorly; ventral scales of brachia smooth, raised and juxtaposed; eight separated pore-bearing precloacal scales with rounded pores; precloacal depression absent; femoral pores absent.
Fore and hind limbs moderately long, slender; scales beneath forearm slightly raised, smooth and subimbricate; subtibial scales keeled; palmar scales smooth and juxtaposed; digits elongate, slender, inflected joint and bearing slightly recurved claws; subdigital lamellae unnotched; lamellae beneath first phalanges wide; lamellae beneath phalanx immediately following inflection granular; lamellae of distal phalanges wide; lamellae beneath inflection large; interdigital webbing absent; enlarged submetatarsal scales on 1st toe absent; fingers increase in length from first to fourth with fourth and fifth nearly equal in length; relative length of fingers IV>V>III>II>I; toes increase in length from first to fifth with fourth and fifth nearly equal in length; relative length of toes IV>V>III>II>I; total subdigital lamellae on 4th toe 28, 28 (right, left).
Caudal and subcaudal scales keeled, similar to dorsal scale size; lateral caudal furrow present; enlarge caudal tubercles arranged in segmented whorls, not encircling tail; enlarge median subcaudal scales row absent; caudal tubercles present on lateral furrow; tail length (TL) 58.3 mm with regenerated tail; enlarge, flat, postcloacal tubercle 1, 1 (right, left) on lateral surface of hemipenial swellings at the base of tail.
Coloration in life
( Figs 8 View Figure 8 , 9 View Figure 9 ). Dorsal ground color of head light brown, top of head bearing small, faint black and yellowish markings; thin, black postorbital stripes extending to nape; light-colored prescapular cresent; dorsal ground color of body, limbs and tail light brown with black irregular blotches; ground color of ventral surfaces grayish-white intermixed with yellowish blotches; ventral pattern sexually dimorphic, anterior gular region, abdominal region, and caudal region yellowish in males; two dark blotches on nape form a bipartite pattern; light sage vertebral blotches extending from the nape to tail; flanks with irregular incomplete brown to yellowish blotches becoming smaller posteriorly; tubercles on anterior and posterior of the body were white or yellow; widely separated, white or yellow tubercles occur on flanks; limbs beige with dark brown mottling; tail faintly marked with dark brown.
Coloration in preservative
( Fig. 10 View Figure 10 ). Color pattern similar to that in life with some fading of markings. Dorsal ground color of head, body, limbs and tail brown, darker with indistinct, irregular markings. All yellow coloration in gular region, ventral surfaces, flanks and tail faded to creamy white.
Variation.
Most paratypes approximate the holotype in general aspects of morphology ( Figs 11 View Figure 11 , 12 View Figure 12 ), with most differences found in the degree of vertebral blotches. All adult female paratypes lack yellowish coloration in the gular, abdominal, and caudal regions. ZMKU R 00767, THNHM 28208, THNHM 28210, and ZMKU R 00776 (four adult males) have regenerated tails of uniform tan coloration. THNHM 28207-28209, ZMKU R 00773, and ZMKU R 00775 (five adult males) have lighter dorsal markings that appear more as transverse bands than as paravertebral blotches. THNHM 28211 (one adult female) has a broken tail. Differences in meristic and morphometrics within the type series are presented in Table 7.
Distribution and natural history.
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. is known only from Adang and Rawi islands, 60 and 61 km off the coast of Thailand, respectively ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 ). All Adang specimens were found in a granitic rocky stream ( Fig. 13A View Figure 13 ). Rawi Island specimens were found in rock outcrops along a stream ( Fig. 13B View Figure 13 ) and along a forest stream near mangroves ( Fig. 13C View Figure 13 ). Sixteen specimens (ZMKU R 00767-00768, ZMKU R 00770-00772, ZMKU R 00775-00776, THNHM 28206-28209, and THNHM 28211-28215) were collected during the day (1047-1823 h) and four specimens (ZMKU R 00769, ZMKU R 00773-00774, and THNHM 28210) were collected at night (1927-2024 h). The male holotype was found during the day (1047 h) on the base of a rock boulder with holes formed by the expansive soil between the ground and rock interface of a nearby stream.
Paratypes found during the day (ZMKU R 00767-00768, ZMKU R 00770-00772, ZMKU R 00775-00776, THNHM 28206-28209, and THNHM 28211-28215) were in crevices of boulders, shaded areas with holes in the soil at the base of a rock wall near a stream, and on boulder outcrops near streams. When disturbed, some individuals would retreat into rock crevices or into holes in the soil at the base of a rock wall. Paratypes found at night (ZMKU R 00769, ZMKU R 00773-00774 and THNHM 28210) were in shaded areas (by day), deep at the base of boulders, or perched on vegetation near a rocky stream. Two gravid females (ZMKU R 00771 and THNHM 28211) contained one or two eggs during November 2017. Some juveniles (not collected) were found in holes in the soil and perched on vegetation near a stream at Rawi Island on 8 April 2018. At night, Cyrtodactylus macrotuberculatus was found in syntopy on the rock wall and vegetation near a stream at Jonsalad Waterfall, Adang Island, with Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov.
Etymology.
The specific epithet refers to Adang and Rawi islands where the new species is found, and is a noun in apposition.
Comparisons.
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. can be distinguished from other members of the siamensis group ( C. chanardi , C. huaseesom , C. omari , C. phangngaensis , C. punctatonuchalis , C. roticanai , C. siamensis , C. thachanaensis , and C. vandeventeri ) by having a smaller maximum SVL of 44.9 mm (vs 47.0 mm in C. roticanai , 49.6 mm in C. punctatonuchalis ) and by having a larger maximum SVL 44.9 mm (vs 40.9 mm in C. chanardi , 43.5 mm in C. huaseesom , 41.3 mm in C. omari , 42.0 mm in C. phangngaensis , 39.7 mm in C. siamensis , 39.0 mm in C. thachanaensis , and 44.7 mm in C. vandeventeri ).
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. is distinguished from C. omari , C. punctatonuchalis , C. roticanai , C. siamensis , and C. vandeventeri by having 10 supralabial scales (vs eight in C. punctatonuchalis and 8-9 in C. omari , C. roticanai , C. siamensis , and C. vandeventeri ). This species is distinguished from C. chanardi , C. omari , C. phangngaensis , C. punctatonuchalis , C. roticanai , and C. siamensis by having 9 infralabial scales (vs 8 in C. chanardi , 7-8 in C. omari , C. punctatonuchalis , C. roticanai , 10 in C. phangngaensis , and 6-8 in C. siamensis ). This species is distinguished from C. huaseesom and C. punctatonuchalis by having keeled ventral and subcaudal scales (vs smooth ventral and subcaudal scales in C. huaseesom and C. punctatonuchalis ).
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. is distinguished from C. phangngaensis and C. vandeventeri by having 6-8 precloacal pores (vs 4 in C. phangngaensis and C. vandeventeri ). This species is distinguished from C. punctatonuchalis , C. siamensis , and C. thachanaensis by presence of precloacal pores (vs precloacal pores absent in C. punctatonuchalis , C. siamensis , and C. thachanaensis ). This species is distinguished from C. huaseesom and C. phangngaensis by having a separated row of precloacal pores (vs continuous in C. huaseesom and C. phangngaensis ).
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. is distinguished from C. phangngaensis and C. thachanaensis by having 23-25 paravertebral tubercles (vs 22 in C. phangngaensis and 15-19 in C. thachanaensis ). This species is distinguished from C. huaseesom , C. omari , C. punctatonuchalis , C. roticanai , C. siamensis , C. thachanaensis , and C. vandeventeri by lacking tubercles on lower flanks (vs present in C. huaseesom , C. omari , C. punctatonuchalis , C. roticanai , C. siamensis , C. thachanaensis , and C. vandeventeri ). This species is distinguished from C. phangngaensis , C. punctatonuchalis , and C. thachanaensis by having 26-28 lamellae under 4th toe (vs 29 in C. phangngaensis , 29-31 in C. punctatonuchalis , and 24 in C. thachanaensis ). This species is distinguished from C. chanardi and C. vandeventeri by having lateral caudal furrows (vs lacking in C. chanardi and C. vandeventeri ).
Cnemaspis adangrawi sp. nov. can be further distinguished from C. chanardi , C. punctatonuchalis , C. siamensis , and C. vandeventeri by lacking enlarged median subcaudal scales (vs present in C. chanardi , C. punctatonuchalis , C. siamensis , and C. vandeventeri ). This species is distinguished from C. huaseesom by having keeled subtibial scales (vs smooth subtibial scales in C. huaseesom ). This species is distinguished from C. siamensis and C. thachanaensis by lacking lineate gular marking (vs present in C. siamensis and C. thachanaensis ).
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