Cyrtodactylus monilatus, Yodthong & Rujirawan & Stuart & Grismer & Aksornneam & Termprayoon & Ampai & Aowphol, 2022

Yodthong, Siriporn, Rujirawan, Attapol, Stuart, Bryan L., Grismer, L. Lee, Aksornneam, Akrachai, Termprayoon, Korkhwan, Ampai, Natee & Aowphol, Anchalee, 2022, A new species in the Cyrtodactylus oldhami group (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand, ZooKeys 1103, pp. 139-169 : 139

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov.

Common English name: Kanchanaburi Spotted Bent-toed Gecko Figs 3 , 4 , 5 , 7

Material examined.

Holotype. ZMKU R 00943 , adult male (Figs 3 , 4 ), collected from Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province, Si Sawat District, Tha Kradan Subdistrict, Erawan National Park , Tham (= cave) Phrathat Protection Unit (14°23.754'N, 99°04.751'E, 699 m elevation), 19 November 2021, by Siriporn Yodthong, Attapol Rujirawan, Akrachai Aksornneam, and Natee Ampai.

Paratypes (Fig. 5 ). Seven adult males (ZMKU R 00934 -00939, ZMKU R 00944 ) and three adult females (ZMKU R 00940 -00942), same data as holotype. Three adult males (ZMKU R 00928 -00930) and two adult females (ZMKU R 00931 -00932), same data as holotype except collected on 26 November 2019, by Siriporn Yodthong , Attapol Rujirawan , Akrachai Aksornneam , and Korkhwan Termprayoon. One adult female (ZMKU R 00927 ), collected from Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province, Si Sawat District , Tha Kradan Subdistrict , Erawan National Park , Erawan Waterfall (14°22.315'N, 99°08.806'E, 82 m elevation) on 25 November 2019 by Siriporn Yodthong , Attapol Rujirawan , Akrachai Aksornneam , and Korkhwan Termprayoon. Three adult females (ZMKU R 00924 -00926), collected from Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province, Si Sawat District , Khao Chot Subdistrict , Chaloem Ratanakosin National Park , Tham Than Lot Noi-Tham Than Lot Yai Nature Trail (14°40.158'N, 99°17.436'E, 526 m elevation) on 20 April 2019 by Siriporn Yodthong , Akrachai Aksornneam , Korkhwan Termprayoon , and Natee Ampai .

Referred specimens.

One juvenile (ZMKU R 00923), collected from Thailand, Kanchanaburi Province, Si Sawat District, Khao Chot Subdistrict, Chaloem Ratanakosin National Park, Tham Than Lot Noi-Tham Than Lot Yai Nature Trail (14° 39.767'N, 99°18.314'E, 233 m elevation) on 19 April 2019 by Siriporn Yodthong, Akrachai Aksornneam, Korkhwan Termprayoon, and Natee Ampai. One juvenile (ZMKU R 00933), same data as holotype except collected on 26 November 2019 by Siriporn Yodthong, Attapol Rujirawan, Akrachai Aksornneam, and Korkhwan Termprayoon.

Etymology.

The specific epithet Cyrtodactylus monilatus is taken from monile (L.) for necklace or string of beads and latus (L.) for flank, in reference to the new species having two rows of small, diffuse, yellow or yellowish white spots on the flanks that resemble a beaded necklace. These spots are an important color pattern difference between the new species and C. zebraicus . We propose "Kanchanaburi Spotted Bent-toed Gecko" for the common English name and “ตุ๊กแกป่่่าลายจุดเมืองกาญจน์” (Took kae pa lai jud mueang kan) for the common Thai name of the new species.

Diagnosis.

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. is assigned to the C. oldhami group on the basis of its recovered phylogenetic position (Fig. 1 ). This species can be distinguished from all other species of the C. oldhami group (sensu Grismer et al. 2021b) by having the following combination of characters: (1) a medium-sized Cyrtodactylus , SVL 53.7-63.3 mm in adult males, 58.6-75.8 mm in adult females; (2) 10-13 supralabial and 8-11 infralabial scales; (3) 22-34 paravertebral tubercles; (4) 16-21 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles; (5) 34-42 ventral scales; (6) 12-16 total subdigital lamellae on the fourth finger; (7) 15-19 total subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; (8) 30-39 contiguous enlarged femoroprecloacal scales; (9) femoral pores and precloacal pores absent in both sexes; (10) four or five rows of postprecloacal scales; (11) precloacal groove or depression absent; (12) enlarged median subcaudal scales absent; (13) 9-12 dark and light caudal bands encircling the original tail; (14) weak ventrolateral folds present; (15) subconical to slightly prominent trihedral keeled tubercles on body that extend past the base of the tail but no further than 1/3 of anterior portion of tail; (16) top of head bearing large, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white with no light-colored network; (17) 4-7 dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white; and (18) two rows of small, diffuse, yellow or yellowish white spots on flanks.

Description of holotype

(Figs 3 , 4 ). Adult male with 56.4 mm SVL; head moderate in length (HL/SVL 0.29), wide (HW/HL 0.65), slightly flattened (HD/HL 0.40), distinct from neck, and triangular in dorsal profile; lores concave anteriorly, inflated posteriorly; frontal region flattened, prefrontal region slightly concave, canthus rostralis rounded; snout rather elongate (ES/HL 0.40), rounded in rostral region, eye to snout distance slightly greater than head depth; eye large (ED/HL 0.29), eyeball slightly protuberant, eye diameter less than the eye to ear distance, pupil vertical; ear opening elliptical, obliquely oriented, moderate in size (EL/HL 0.09); eye to ear distance greater than eye diameter; rostral large, subrectangular, height 1.6 mm, shorter than wide, 2.8 mm, medially divided by dorsal a furrow, reaching to approximately half-way down rostral height, bordered posteriorly by supranasals and internasal, laterally by first supralabials and nostrils; external nares at anterior angle of snout, directed lateroposteriorly, bordered anteriorly by rostral, dorsally by large supranasal, posteriorly by two small postnasals, ventrally by first supralabial; internarial distance narrow; supranasals subrectangular, separated by two small internasals, bordered anteriorly by rostral, laterally by nostrils, posteriorly by four small scales; two internasals, subpentagonal, vertically arranged, slightly protruding rostral, bordered posteriorly by three small scales; 8/7 (right/left) supralabials extending to below midpoint of eye, 12/11 to below the posterior margin of the eyeball, subrectangular anteriorly, elliptical shape posteriorly; 5/7 infralabials extending to below midpoint of eye, 9/10 to below the posterior margin of the eyeball, larger than supralabials, tapering smoothly posteriorly; scales of frontonasal, prefrontal and lores, small, relatively raised, domed, slightly larger than granular scales on top of head and occiput; scales on occiput intermixed with scattered, slightly larger, more rounded, dome to subconical tubercles, more prominent tubercles between occiput and above ear opening; dorsal supraciliaries crenulated, not elongate or keeled; mental large, triangular, 2.4 mm in width, 1.8 mm in length, bordered laterally by first infralabials and posteriorly by large, right and left trapezoidal postmentals that contact medially for 66% of their length posterior to mental; one row of slightly enlarged chin shields extending posteriorly to sixth (right) and seventh (left) infralabial; and gular and throat scales small, granular, grading posteriorly into larger, flat, smooth, imbricate, pectoral and ventral scales.

Body slender, relatively short (AG/SVL 0.44), with weak ventrolateral folds; scales on dorsum small, mostly homogenous, granular, interspersed with larger, irregularly arranged, slightly prominent trihedral keeled tubercles; tubercles extending from occiput beyond to the base of the tail but not farther than 1/3 of tail; tubercles on occiput, nape and anterior of body at level above shoulder smaller, subconical; those mid-dorsally and on the posterior section of the body larger, being more dense, slightly more prominently keeled, and more regularly arrange in sacral region and tail base; tubercles on flanks sparse; approximately 16 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles; approximately 28 paravertebral tubercles; 38 flat, imbricate, smooth ventral scales, those near midline larger than those laterally and dorsal scales; femoral scales enlarged, extending along 2/3 of femora and contiguous with enlarged precloacal scales; precloacal scales smooth, approximately twice the size of femoral scales; 33 contiguous femoroprecloacal scales; femoral pores and precloacal pores absent; four rows of enlarged postprecloacal scales; and precloacal groove or depression absent.

Limbs moderately slender; forelimbs relatively short (FL/SVL 0.15); scales on dorsal surface domed to subconical, granular, slightly larger than those on body, interspersed with sparsely enlarged, subconical and trihedrally keeled tubercles; dorsal scales of wrist and palm flat, smooth, round, imbricate; ventral scales of palm flat, weakly rounded, slightly raised, not imbricate, smaller than those on body; 16/16 (right/left) total subdigital lamellae on fourth finger, 4/4 proximal subdigital lamellae rectangular with rounded to weakly rounded corners, broadly expanded proximal to joint inflection on fourth finger, 12/12 distal subdigital lamellae, slightly expanded immediately distal to joint, becoming gradually more expanded near the claw; digits well-developed, relatively long, inflected at basal interphalangeal joints; digits slightly narrower distal to inflections; no interdigital webbing; claw well-developed, relatively short, claw base sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scales; hind limbs more robust than forelimbs, moderate in length (TBL/SVL 0.18); dorsal scales domed to subconical, granular, interspersed with enlarged subconical and trihedrally keeled tubercles, and anterior part of thigh covered by flat, slightly larger, imbricate scales; ventral scales of femora flat, smooth, imbricate, smaller than those on body; small postfemoral scales form an abrupt union with large, flat ventral scales of posteroventral margin of thigh; ventral scales of tibia flat, imbricate; dorsal scales of plantar surface relatively smooth, rounded, imbricate; ventral scales of plantar surface low flat, weakly rounded; 18/19 (right/left) total subdigital lamellae on fourth toe, 5/6 proximal subdigital lamellae, rectangular with rounded to weaky rounded corners, broadly expanded proximal to joint inflection on fourth toe, 13/13 distal subdigital lamellae, slightly expanded immediately distal to joint, becoming gradually more expanded near the claw; digits well-developed, relatively long, inflected at basal, interphalangeal joints; and claw well-developed, relatively short, claw base sheathed by a dorsal and ventral scales.

Tail 58.1 mm in length, original, slightly longer than SVL (TL/SVL 1.03), moderate in proportions, segmented, cylindrical, wide anteriorly, 4.6 mm in width at base, tapering to a tip, covered with small scales on the dorsal surface but slightly larger scales on ventral surface; dorsal scales of tail base granular, round, becoming larger, flatter, subimbricate posteriorly; those on tail base bearing trihedrally keeled tubercles forming paravertebral rows, four dorsal longitudinal tubercles rows, two transverse rows of dorsal tubercles extend from tail base to posterior margin of third caudal band, 7.1 mm from tail base, approximately 1/8 of tail; no enlarged median row of transverse scales on subcaudal region; no caudal furrow; base of tail forming hemipenial swelling; 2/2 (right/left) postcloacal tubercles on the enlarged smooth hemipenial swelling; and postcloacal tubercles approximately equal size.

Coloration of holotype in life

(Fig. 3 ). Dorsal ground color of head, body, and limbs yellowish brown; top of head bearing large, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow; superciliary scales yellow; wide dark-brown stripe edged in yellow on canthus, extending from posterior margin of nostril to anterior margin of orbit; wide, discontinuous, dark-brown nuchal loop edged in yellow, extending from posterior margin of one orbit, across occiput to posterior margin of the other orbit; three large, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow on nape; seven paravertebral blotches on right and six on left between limb insertions resulting in five anterior bands of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches, remaining bands composed of one and two, unpaired, paravertebral, blotches; all dorsal bands terminate on upper flanks with a series of dark-brown, irregularly shaped blotches of varying sizes edged in yellow and yellowish white; two similarly colored postsacral bands, anterior composed of paravertebral blotches and posterior composed of confluent blotches; 11 dark-brown caudal bands and 11 white caudal bands; all caudal bands encircle the tail; dorsal portion of forelimbs bearing irregularly shaped dark markings with dull-yellow spots; dorsal portion of hind limbs mottled with yellow spots and small, poorly defined, dark-brown blotches; supralabial and infralabial scales off-white with darker markings; suborbital region to forelimb insertions covered with irregularly shaped dark-brown and yellowish white markings; lower flanks bearing two rows of small, diffuse, yellowish white spots; all ventral surfaces generally greyish white, immaculate, except for ventral surface of knee, precloacal and postcloacal regions, and hemipenial swellings which bear dark and yellow to yellowish white markings.

Coloration of holotype in preservation

(Fig. 4 ). Color pattern of head, body, limbs, and tail similar to that in life with some fading. Ground color of head, body, and limbs light-beige; dark body and dark caudal bands lighter than in life; yellow coloration on dorsal and ventral surface fade to off-white; and all ventral surfaces light-beige.

Variations.

Morphometric, meristic and color pattern characters of the type series and referred specimens of C. monilatus sp. nov. are presented in Tables 4 - 6 . All paratypes approximate the holotype in general aspects of morphology, with variations in coloration and banding (Fig. 5 ). Dorsal ground color varies from beige, brown, to yellowish brown. Edge of dark-brown blotches on dorsum varies from yellow to yellowish white. Pattern on top of head of one specimen (ZMKU R 00926) has faint, poorly-defined, dark, irregularly shaped blotches. One specimen (ZMKU R 00926) has a faint, poorly-defined, dark stripe on canthus region. Nuchal loop patterns of three specimens (ZMKU R 00925-00927) are completely continuous. Dorsal body bands of one specimen (ZMKU R 00925) comprise four bands, seven specimens (ZMKU R 00923, ZMKU R 00924, ZMKU R 00926, ZMKU R 00929, ZMKU R 00933, ZMKU R 00941 and ZMKU R 00944) have five bands, and nine specimens (ZMKU R00927, ZMKU R 00930-00931, ZMKU R 00934, ZMKU R 00937-00940 and ZMKU R 00942) have six bands. Ventral ground color varies from beige to greyish white.

Internasal scales of ten specimens (ZMKU R 00923-00924, ZMKU R 00926, ZMKU R 00930, ZMKU R 00933, ZMKU R 00935, ZMKU R 00937, ZMKU R 00940-00941, ZMKU R 00944) are single and eight specimens (ZMKU R 00925, ZMKU R 00928-00929, ZMKU R 00932, ZMKU R 00934, ZMKU R 00936, ZMKU R 00938, ZMKU R 00942) are absent. Regenerated tail covered with flat, imbricate, round scales; enlarge median subcaudal scales absent; ground color of regenerated tail varies from beige, yellowish brown, brown to dark-brown bearing brown and dark markings; dark and light caudal bands absent (Fig. 5 ). Females have larger body SVL than males (Table 4 ). In life, coloration and banding pattern of juvenile specimens (ZMKU R 00923 and ZMKU R 00933) resemble that of the adults.

Distribution and natural history.

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. is currently known from only three localities in Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand: Tham Phrathat Protection Unit, Erawan Waterfall in Erawan National Park, and Tham Than Lot Noi-Tham Than Lot Yai Nature Trail in Chaloem Rattanakosin National Park (Figs 1 , 6 ). All individuals were found in karst forests with mixed deciduous trees, and dry evergreen trees at 82-699 m elevation. These areas are surrounded by agricultural lands (orchards, rubber plantation, and pasture lands) and human residential areas. Specimens (N = 22) were collected at night (1900-2100 hr) during the dry season (November-April) on the forest floor (54.6%; N = 12), on karst boulder outcrops (22.7%; N = 5), and on shrub or bamboo twigs with ≤ 100 cm above ground level (22.7%; N = 5). The range in altitude at which the specimens were collected suggests that elevation has little to do with their distribution. It is likely that karst forests are the ecological factor that determines where they occur.

At Tham Phrathat Protection Unit, the holotype (ZMKU R 00943) was found on 19 November 2021 on the forest floor covered with leaf litter, at a temperature 24.0 °C and relative humidity 90.0%. On the previous day with temperatures between 24.2-24.4 °C and relative humidity between 82.6-83.9%, three specimens (ZMKU R 00937, ZMKU R 00939-00940) were found on the forest floor covered with leaf litter, two specimens (ZMKU R 00934-00935) were found on shrub twigs with ≤ 10 cm above ground level, and three specimens (ZMKU R 00936, ZMKU R 00938 and ZMKU R 00941) were found on the karst boulder outcrops, including one gravid female (ZMKU R 00942) containing two eggs (externally visible). Juveniles and immatures (SVL <50 mm) were found on the forest floor and on the karst boulder outcrops but not collected. During November of the previous year (2019) at a temperature 25.9 °C and relative humidity of 54.3%, one specimen (ZMKU R 00929) was found on the twig of a shrub approximately 30 cm above ground level, another specimen (ZMKU R 00930) was found on bamboo twig around 100 cm above ground level, and three specimens (ZMKU R 00928, ZMKU R 00931-00932) were found on the forest floor covered with leaf litter, including one juvenile (ZMKU R 00933). Other sympatric lizard species found at this locality included Acanthosaura crucigera Boulenger, 1885, Cnemaspis huaseesom Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010, Cyrtodactylus tigroides Bauer, Sumontha & Pauwels, 2003, Dixonius hangseesom Bauer, Sumontha, Grossmann, Pauwels & Vogel, 2004, Dixonius siamensis (Boulenger, 1899), Eutropis macularia (Blyth, 1853), Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1834), and Subdoluseps bowringii ( Günther, 1864).

At Erawan Waterfall, one gravid female (ZMKU R 00927) contained two eggs (externally visible) and was found on the forest floor near the waterfall stream during November 2019. Other sympatric lizard species found at this locality included Draco taeniopterus ( Günther, 1861) and Sphenomorphus maculatus (Blyth, 1853).

At Tham Than Lot Noi-Tham Than Lot Yai Nature Trail, one juvenile specimen (ZMKU R 00923) was found on karst boulder outcrops at a temperature 27.1 °C and relative humidity 72.0%, another adult female (ZMKU R 00925) was found on dry twig on the forest floor, and one gravid female (ZMKU R 00926) containing two eggs (externally visible) was found on the forest floor covered with leaf letter at a temperature 31.9 °C and relative humidity 56.9%. Other sympatric lizard species found at this locality included Cyrtodactylus sp., Dixonius siamensis , Draco taeniopterus , and Sphenomorphus maculatus .

Comparisons.

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. is differentiated from all seven species of C. oldhami group and two additional species, C. phetchaburiensis and C. surin by having a unique combination of morphological characters, its phylogenetic placement (Fig. 2 ), and having uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences in mtDNA from all other members of the Cyrtodactylus oldhami group of 7.7-17.7%, (Table 3 ).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. lenya Mulcahy, Thura & Zug, 2017 by having 25-34 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 39-41 tubercles); 34-42 ventral scales (vs. 29 scales); enlarged median subcaudal scales absent (vs. present); top of head bearing dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. indistinctly mottled); dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. broad dark-brown dorsal bands with narrow chocolate brown borders fore and aft, alternating with narrower medium to light-brown interspaces); and two rows of small, diffuse, yellow or yellowish white spots on flanks present (vs. absent).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. oldhami (Theobald, 1876) by having 16-21 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles (vs. 30 rows); precloacal pores absent in both sexes (vs. present in males); top of head bearing large, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. uniform brown); and dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. elongated or rounded spots arranged in four longitudinal lines).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. payarhtanensis Mulcahy, Thura & Zug, 2017 by being smaller, SVL 53.7-63.3 mm in adult males, 58.6-75.8 mm in adult females (vs. 61-80 mm in adult males, 74-83 mm in adult females); 22-34 paravertebral tubercles (vs. 40-45 tubercles); 34-42 ventral scales (vs. 26-32 scales); 15-19 total subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe (vs. 12 or 13); enlarged median subcaudal scales absent (vs. present); top of head bearing dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. indistinctly mottled, dusky brown marks); dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. irregularly shaped and edged dark-brown); and two rows of small, diffuse, yellow or yellowish white spots on flanks present (vs. absent).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. phetchaburiensis Pauwels, Sumontha & Bauer, 2016 which is not in the phylogeny by lacking precloacal pores in both sexes (vs. present in males); enlarged median subcaudal scales absent (vs. present); and dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. absent).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. saiyok Panitvong, Sumontha, Tunprasert & Pauwels, 2014 by having 34-42 ventral scales (vs. 23-24 scales); precloacal pores absent in both sexes (vs. present in males); enlarged median subcaudal scales absent (vs. present); and dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. irregular, medially interrupted or not, black).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. sanook Pauwels, Sumontha, Latinne & Grismer, 2013 by being smaller, SVL 53.7-63.3 mm in adult males (vs. 72.9-79.5 mm); precloacal pores absent in both sexes (vs. present in males); enlarged median subcaudal scales absent (vs. present); and dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in thin yellow or yellowish white (vs. irregular pale narrow bands).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. surin Chan-ard & Makchai, 2011 which is not in the phylogeny by having 34-42 ventral scales (vs. 25 ventral scales); enlarged median subcaudal scales absent (vs. present); and precloacal pores absent in both sexes (vs. present in males).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. thirakhupti Pauwels, Bauer, Sumontha & Chanhome, 2004 by being smaller, SVL 53.7-63.3 mm in adult males (vs. 72.0-79.6 mm in adult males); 16-21 longitudinal rows of dorsal tubercles (vs. 14 rows); enlarged median subcaudal scales absent (vs. present); and dorsal body bands composed of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white (vs. yellowish bands with very dark brown borders).

Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. differs from C. zebraicus Taylor, 1962 by having precloacal pores absent in both sexes (vs. present in males; Fig. 8 ); four or five rows of postprecloacal scales (vs. two rows); and two rows of small, diffuse, yellow or yellowish white spots on flanks present (vs. their absence; Fig. 8 ; Grismer et al. 2018a: fig. 4A; Bringsøe, 2020: fig. 1; Grismer et al. 2021b: fig. 28B).

Figures

Figure 1. Map illustrating the type locality at Tham Phrathat Protection Unit (yellow star) and paratype localities (yellow cycle) at Erawan Waterfall (1) and at Tham Than Lot Noi-Tham Than Lot Yai Nature Trail (2), Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand of Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov., and the type locality (pink star) at Ron Phibun (= " Ronpibon ") District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand of C. zebraicus (" C. peguensis zebraicus ").

Figure 2. The best maximum likelihood tree showing the relationships of the Cyrtodactylus oldhami group and other related species distributed in Southeast Asia based on 1,444 bp of the ND 2 gene and flanking tRNAs. Support values on branches are ultrafast bootstrap (UFB) followed by posterior probabilities (PP) resulting from a separate partitioned Bayesian analysis.

Figure 3. Adult male holotype of Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. (ZMKU R 00943) in life from Tham Phrathat Protection Unit, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand A lateral view B dorsal view C ventral view D precloacal region showing distribution of continuous, enlarged femoroprecloacal scales E palmar view of the left hand F plantar view of the left foot, and G ventral view of tail showing not enlarged median subcaudal scales.

Figure 4. Adult male holotype of Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. (ZMKU R 00943) in preservation A dorsal view B ventral view C dorsal view showing the rostral, supranasal, and internasal scales D ventral view showing the mental and postmental scales E lateral view of head of the left side F lateral view of flank of the left side.

Figure 5. Paratypes of Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. in life showing variation in color pattern A adult male (ZMKU R 00935) B adult male (ZMKU R 00944) from Tham Phrathat Protection Unit C adult female (ZMKU R 00927) from Erawan Waterfall D adult female (ZMKU R 00926) from Tham Than Lot Noi-Tham Than Lot Yai Nature Trail, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.

Figure 6. Sampling localities of Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. A the type locality in Tham Phrathat Protection Unit B Erawan Waterfall C Tham Than Lot Noi-Tham Than Lot Yai Nature Trail, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand.

Figure 7. Habitat of Cyrtodactylus monilatus sp. nov. Tham Phrathat Protection Unit, Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand A adult female (ZMKU R 00941) on boulder outcrops B adult male (not collected) on shrub.

Figure 8. Adult male holotype of Cyrtodactylus zebraicus (FMNH 178286) from Ron Phibun District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand, in preservation A dorsal view B ventral view C precloacal region showing distribution of precloacal pores D lateral view of the left side.