Tylopus species

Nguyen, Anh D., 2012, Tylopus Millipedes In Vietnam (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae: Sulciferini), With Descriptions Of Five New Species, Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 60 (2), pp. 289-311 : 308-310

Key to Tylopus species known from Vietnam (male)

This key was made based on examined material and literature ( Attems, 1937, 1953; Golovatch, 1984; Korsós & Golovatch, 1989; Golovatch & Enghoff, 1993; Likhitrakarn et al., 2010).

1. Sterna except sternum 5 without any modifications ............. 2

– All sterna with modifications .............................................. 17

2. Sternum 5 with more than two processes between coxae 4. Tip of gonopod with process k ( Figs. 8D , 15B ) ......................... 3

– Sternum 5 with one or two processes between coxae 4. Tip of gonopod without process k ................................................... 4

3. Both gonopod process h and spine z absent ( Fig. 15 ). ........... ................ T. strongylosomoides (Korsós & Golovatch, 1989)

– Gonopod process h present, thin, long and finger-shaped; spine z absent ( Figs. 7C,D , 8A–D ) ....... T. golovatchi , new species

4. Paraterga pink. Metatergal surface smooth. Gonopod process h present, short; process z absent ( Figs. 5E,F , 6A–C ) ............ ................................................ T. roseiparaterga , new species

– Paraterga not pink. Metatergal surface rugulose or rugose. Gonopod process h present; spine z present or absent ........ 5

5. Gonopod spine z present ....................................................... 6

– Gonopod spine z absent ...................................................... 13

6. Gonopod spine z strong, horizontal, coarsely serrated along distal margin .......................................................................... 7

– Gonopod spine z erect or bent mesad, not serrated along distal margin .................................................................................... 9

7. Spine z only coarsely serrated along 2/3 distal margin. Process h short, hook-shaped or strongly spiniform ( Figs. 11D,E , 12A,B ) ................................................................................... 8

– Spine z coarsely serrated along whole distal margin. Process h with two branches, one spiniform, the other a serrated lamina ( Figs. 1E,F , 2A,B ) ....................... T. phanluongi , new species

8. Metatergal transverse sulcus present from body ring 5. Metatergum 18 with only a single row of 2+2 setae on anterior half. (North Vietnam) ............. T. hilaroides Golovatch, 1984

– Metaterga transverse sulcus present from body ring 4. Metatergum 18 with two transverse rows of setae: 2+2 before and 3+3 after sulcus (southern part of Central Vietnam) ........ ......................................................... T. hilaris ( Attems, 1937)

9. Gonopod with three more or less spiny processes including process h and spine z near base of lamina l. Male legs without tubercles ...................................... T. mutilatus ( Attems, 1953)

– Gonopod with only process h and spine z near base of lamina l. Male legs with or without tubercles ................................ 10

10. Gonopod lamina l normal. Spine z very small, dentiform. Process h large, lamellate, sigmoid .................................................. 11

– Gonopod lamina l well-developed, distal part produced into long, erect spine z. Process h erect, spiniform without evidence of torsion ............................................................................. 12

11 Spine z bent mesad. Lobe m strongly developed, spiniform ( Fig. 13 ) ..................................... T. nodulipes ( Attems, 1953)

– Spine z normal. Lobe m modestly developed, somewhat lamellate, not spiniform ........ T. granulatus Golovatch, 1984

12. Body shorter than 20 mm. Large tubercles present on male legs, especially femora 6, 9 and 10 with proximal finger-shaped tubercles crowned with a bunch of setae. Gonopod process h obviously longer than spine z ( Fig. 17A,B ) ............................ ........................................................ T. topali Golovatch, 1984

– Body longer than 20 mm. Microtubercles present on male legs ( Fig. 10F ). Femora 6, 9, 10 without tubercles crowned with a bunch of setae. Gonopod process h obviously shorter than spine z ( Figs. 9D,E , 10A–E ) .................. T. sapaensis , new species

13. Metatergal transverse sulcus present from body ring 4, but fully developed and reaching base of paraterga from body ring 5 .............................................................................................. 14

– Metatergal transverse sulcus present from body ring 5 ..... 15

14. Process h with an outgrowth at middle ( Fig. 16 ) .................... ................................................. T. procurvus Golovatch, 1984

– Process h without an outgrowth at middle ( Fig. 14 ) ............... .................................................. T. crassipes Golovatch, 1984

15. Body small, width <1.6 mm. Gonopod process h short, spiniform ......................................... T. sigma ( Attems, 1953)

– Body large, width> 1.6 mm. Gonopod process h well-developed, not spiniform, somewhat lamellate ..................................... 16

16. Midbody metaterga with a single row of 2+2 setae after transverse sulcus. Process h sub-transverse, coiled with an additional spine at base ............. T. magicus Golovatch, 1984

– Midbody metaterga with two rows of 2+2 and 3+3 setae before and after transverse sulcus, respectively. Process h suberect, without any additional spine .................................................... ............................. T. tamdaoensis Korsós & Golovatch, 1989

17. Metaterga strongly rugose with two rows of 2+2 and 2+2 setiferous knobs before and after transverse sulcus. Each sternum with four projections ( Fig. 3C ). Gonopod simple with a long, slightly twisted process h. Solenophore suberect, coiled, and as high as process h ( Figs. 3E,F , 4A–C ) ................................. ...................................................... T. spinisterna , new species

– Metaterga rugose, with two rows of 2+2 and 3+3 setiferous tubercles. Each sternum with a pair of small spines at base of posterior legs.Gonopod process h poorly developed. Solenophore strongly coiled, completely sheathing solenomere................... ................................................. T. maculatus Golovatch, 1984

Figures

Fig. 8. Tylopus golovatchi, new species, holotype: left gonopod, mesal view (A), ventral view (B), and lateral view (C); postfemoral region, lateral view (D).

Fig. 15. Tylopus strongylosomoides (Korsós & Golovatch, 1989): left gonopod, mesal view (A); postfemoral region, lateral view (B).

Fig. 7. Tylopus golovatchi, new species, holotype: hypoproct, ventral view (A); sternite 5, posterioventral view (B); left gonopod, lateral view (C), mesal view (D); postfemoral region, dorsal view (E). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5. Tylopus roseiparaterga, new species, holotype: body rings 10–11, dorsal view (A); hypoproct, ventral view (B); sternite 5, posterioventral view (C); legs 9, (D); left gonopod, mesal view (E) and lateral view (F). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 6. Tylopus roseiparaterga, new species, holotype: left gonopod, lateral view (A); postfemoral region, lateral view (B) and submesal view (C).

Fig. 11. Tylopus hilaris (Attems, 1937) from Ngoc Linh Mt.: hypoproct, ventral view (A); sternite 5, posterioventral view (B); leg 9 (C); right gonopod, mesal view (D) and lateral view (E). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 12. Tylopus hilaris (Attems, 1937) from Ngoc Linh Mt.: right gonopod, lateral view (A) and mesal view (B).

Fig. 1. Tylopus phanluongi, new species, holotype: body ring 10, dorsal view (A); hypoproct, ventral view (B); sternite 5, posterioventral view (C); leg 9 (D); right gonopod, mesal view (E)and lateral view (F). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2. Tylopus phanluongi, new species, holotype: right gonopod, mesal view (A); postfemoral region, mesal view (B).

Fig. 13. Tylopus nodulipes (Attems, 1953) from Van Ban Distr., Lao Cai: right gonopod, mesal view (A) and lateral view (B); postfemoral region, mesal view (C) and lateral view (D).

Fig. 17. Tylopus topali Golovatch, 1984: right gonopod, sublateral view (A); postfemoral region, sublateral view (B).

Fig. 10. Tylopus sapaensis, new species, holotype: left gonopod, mesal view (A), lateroventral view (B), dorsal view (C), and lateral view (D, E); Leg 9 (F).

Fig. 9. Tylopus sapaensis, new species, holotype: body rings 10–11, lateral view (A), hypoproct, ventral view (B); sternite 5, posterioventral view (C); right gonopod, mesal view (D) and lateral view (E). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 16. Tylopus procurvus Golovatch, 1984: right gonopod, postfemoral region, lateral view (A), dorsal view (B), and mesal view (C).

Fig. 14. Tylopus crassipes Golovatch, 1984: right gonopod, lateral view (A); postfemoral region, sublateral view (B) and lateral view (C).

Fig. 3. Tylopus spinisterna, new species, holotype: body ring 10, dorsal view (A); hypoproct, ventral view (B); sternite X, ventral view (C); sternite 5, posterioventral view (D); left gonopod, mesal view (E) and lateral view (F). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 4. Tylopus spinisterna, new species, holotype: left gonopod, lateral view (A) and submesal view (B); postfemoral region, lateral view (C).