Thraulodes latinus Cortes, Dias and Araújo, 2021

Cortes, Isabel Cristina Hernández, Araújo, Vinícius Albano & Dias, Lucimar Gomes, 2021, A new species of Thraulodes Ulmer (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), with additional data on the anatomy of the reproductive tract, Revista Brasileira de Entomologia (e 20210014) 65 (2), pp. 1-8 : 2-5

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.1590/1806-9665-RBENT-2021-0014
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1740878E-FFD3-FFC3-FFDC-FC653682FAE7
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Thraulodes latinus Cortes, Dias and Araújo
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Thraulodes latinus Cortes, Dias and Araújo sp. nov.

( Figs. 1-4 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 )

Diagnosis: The imago of Thraulodes latinus sp. nov. can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following combination of characters: 1) forewing without cross veins basal to bullae ( Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ); 2) costal and subcostal areas of forewing translucent; 3) femora of forelegs with an apical transversal orange band and with an orange-brown medial macula on the basal half ( Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ); 4) abdominal coloration pattern as inFigure 1B, with terga II-VI whitish-translucent with an anterolateral dark triangular spot, and terga VII-X reddish-brown ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A-B); 5) styliger plate with a long and digitiform posterior median projection ( Figs.1F View Figure 1 and 2C View Figure 2 ); 6) penes with apicolateral area forming an “ear-like” projection and with a straight and long thin spine, recurved folds parallel to the internal margin, and lateral pocket present ( Figs. 1 View Figure 1 F-G and 2D-E).

Male imago ( Figs. 1-2 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 ). Holotype male imago. Body length: 7.4- 7.6 mm; forewing length: 8.4-9.3 mm; hind wing length: 1.8- 2.1 mm. General coloration white with brown and reddish areas, some abdominal segments translucent with dark grey spots. Head: Coloration brown; scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum white shaded with light brown. Area between ocelli brown; ocelli white surrounded by a brown ring at base; upper portion of eyes brown, lower portion dark brown ( Fig.1 View Figure 1 A-B). Thorax: Pronotum light brown with some whitish areas ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A-B); mesonotum dark brown and reddish, with lateral and hind margins white ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A-B); metanotum dark brown ( Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A-B); prosternum white; mesosternum brown, with hind margin of basisternum white; metasternum light brown with dark brown areas. Wings: Membrane of wings hyaline with black stain at base, with longitudinal and cross veins light brown or translucent. Costal area with 11-14 cross veins distal to bullae and without cross veins basal to bullae. Subcostal area with 7-11 cross veins distal to bullae and 4-5 cross veins basal to bullae ( Fig. 2A View Figure 2 ); membrane of hind wing hyaline, with a black stain at the base, longitudinal and cross veins light yellow or translucent and with 5 cross veins ( Fig. 2B View Figure 2 ). Foreleg: coxa and trochanter whitish-translucent; femur whitish with an orange band at the apical half, this band present its apical and lateral margins dark brown, and with an orange-brown macula on basal half; tibia orange-translucent with apical region blackish; tarsi whitish shaded slightly with light orange; tarsal claws light brown ( Fig. 1C View Figure 1 ). Middle leg: coxa dark brown, trochanter whitish-translucent, femur with basal 2/3 whitish, with a brownorange spot the basal half, and with an orange band on apical 1/3, lateral margin dark brown; tibia orange-translucent, tarsi and claws as in foreleg ( Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ). Hind leg: the same as the middle leg ( Fig. 1E View Figure 1 ). Abdomen ( Figs. 1 View Figure 1 A-B): Tergum I dark brown with whitish areas; terga II-VI whitish-translucent shaded with light brown, with anterolateral triangular black spot, less marked on tergum II; Terga VII and IX-X dark reddish brown with lateral posterior region whitish; tergum VIII whitish with stain triangular dark reddish brown in median region; terga VIII and IX with dark brown stripes in lateral margin; spiracle area blackish; Sternites I-VI translucent, VII with posterior region whitish and VIII-IX whitish. Genitalia: styliger plate white translucent, with lateral margins rounded; posterior margin rounded and with posterior median digitiform long projection; Forceps whitish with lateral margin brown, maximum width of segment III of forceps 0.7 times the width of segment II ( Figs. 1F View Figure 1 and 2C View Figure 2 ). Penes brown, relatively long and broad, with external margin forming a whitish-translucent lateral pocket; recurved folds parallel to the internal margin; with a straight and long thin spine (at least 2.0x the width of penes as Fig. 1G View Figure 1 ); apicolateral area forming an “ear-like” projection well developed ( Figs. 1F View Figure 1 and 2 View Figure 2 D-E).

Female imago ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 ). Body length: 6.5- 6.9 mm; forewing length: 9.4-9.6 mm; hind wing length: 1.9-2.0 mm. General coloration reddish brown with some areas whitish. General characteristics similar to the male. Head: brown; ocelli whitish surrounded by a black ring. eyes dark brown ( Fig. 3A View Figure 3 ). Abdomen: Terga I-VI reddish brown; terga VII-X and sternites I-IX similar to the male ( Fig. 3 View Figure 3 A-C). Apex of sternum X with a V-shaped cleft ( Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ).

Mature nymph (male) ( Fig.4 View Figure 4 ): Body length: 7.2-7.8 mm; caudal filaments: 10.2 mm. General coloration light yellow with dark brown stains ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). Head: coloration dark brown with anterolateral and posterior areas yellowish. Upper portion of eyes dark brown, lower portion blackwish.Ocelli white, area between ocelli and eyes shaded of dark brown. Antennae with scape, pedicel and flagellum light yellowtranslucent. Mouthparts: Labrum with dorsal surface brown yellowish ( Fig. 4B View Figure 4 ), with an apical row of short setae and a subapical row of long setae; apical margin with 5 denticles slightly marked. Clypeus brown. Mandibles strongly curved, with dorsal surface light yellow shaded with grey to brown ( Fig. 4 View Figure 4 C-D); row of whitish bristles in apical half of outer margin; incisors and molar dark brown-yellowish; prostheca whitish to light yellowish.Left mandible with three apical denticles on the inner and outer incisor; prostheca with basal spur and pectinate setae ( Fig.4C View Figure 4 ). Right mandible with two apical and three apical denticles on inner and outer incisors, respectively; left prostheca similar to right prostheca ( Fig. 4D View Figure 4 ). Maxilla whitish-translucent shaded with light brown ( Fig. 4 View Figure 4 F-G); apical margin with row of long simple setae and subapical row of pectinate setae; inner margin bordered by long setae; posterior margin with short setae; maxillary palp with outer margin bordered by long setae, denser at the apical margin of segment III. Hypopharynx yelowish-translucent shaded with light brown and grey ( Fig. 4E View Figure 4 ); superlingua with apical area of lateral arms slightly shaded with blackish and with long row of brown setae in apical margin; lingua curved and narrow, apical margin with short setae. Labium whitish-translucent slightly shaded with yellowish ( Fig. 4H View Figure 4 ); glossae with short setae on ventral surface, and with strong and short setae on lateral margins; paraglossae with short setae in apical one third, and with fields of long setae in outer margin inwardly directed; labial palpi with long setae on outer margin, short and sparces on segments II and III ( Fig. 4H View Figure 4 ). Thorax: Pronotum light yellow, with anterior region dark brown; mesonotum dark brown with some areas light yellowish ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). Thoracic sterna whitish, slightly shaded with yellow. Legs: coxae light brown, with outer margin bordered with long setae. Foreleg with femur light yellow, dorsal surface with short spatulate setae, basal half light brown and an apical dark brown spot; outer margin with row of numerous long simple setae and short spatulate setae and with few long spatulate setae; inner margin with few long simple setae and with numerous short spine like setae. Tibia light yellowish, outer margin with row of numerous long simple setae; dorsal surface with row of strong spatulate setae, few long and numerous short. Tarsus light yellowish shaded with light brown, with simple setae on outer margin; claws with eight denticles, apical denticle twice as large as the subapical denticles ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). Middle and hind femora light yellowish, with basal half light brown and with a longitudinal yellowish macula on outer and apical spot light brown; setae similar to fore femur, except for absence and scarcity of setae on inner margin of middle and hind femora, respectively. Tibiae light yellow, with row of long and numerous setae on outer margin, more abundant on hind tibia; inner margin with short spine like setae. Tarsi and claws similar to fore leg. Abdomen: Terga I-VIII dark brown, except median region of terga IV and V light yellow; terga II-VI with blackish anterolateral spots; terga IX and X light yellow ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ). Gills narrow, hyaline, with blackish tracheas lacking lateral branches; width of tracheae subequal to half the width of entire gill. Caudal filaments light yellowish with a ring of short erect setae on each segment ( Fig. 4A View Figure 4 ).

Mature nymph (female): Share the same morphological characters and coloration pattern describe from male nymph, except by: body length (female nymphs: 6.9-9.2 mm) and eyes coloration, that is blackish in female nymphs.

Type material: Holotype:male imago, Colombia, Caldas department; Neira municipality;stony bottoms in Tapias river (5°11’21.5”N 75°29’39.8”W, 1700 m.a.s.l.), ISHC, LGD, VAA colls GoogleMaps . Paratypes: 2 male imagos, 2 female imagos and 2 nymphs, same data as holotype ( CEBUC) and GoogleMaps 1 male imago, 1 female imago and 1 nymph, same data as holotype ( UFVB) GoogleMaps .

Other examined material: 20 nymphs, 6 male imagos, 5 females imagos and 10 subimagos, same data as holotype GoogleMaps .

Biology: The nymphs were found on stony bottoms of streams in areas of moderate current, and with riparian vegetation.

Etimology: The epithet is a reference to wide distribution of the genus in Latin America.

Anatomy of the reproductive tract: The reproductive tract in males of Thraulodes latinus sp. nov. are formed by a pair of testes, each ending in a deferent duct, a region that also stores spermatozoa ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 A-D). The anatomy of the reproductive tract showed differences between the stages of nymphs for subimago and adults. In mature nymphs the testes were developed, while the deferent ducts were thin, measuring an average of 80 µm in diameter and with the lumen apparently empty ( Fig. 5A View Figure 5 ). In subimagos ( Fig. 5B View Figure 5 ) and adults ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 C-D) the testicles were degenerated and the vas deferens dilated, measuring, on average, 100 µm (subimago) and 130 µm (adults) in diameter and with the lumen full of spermatozoa. The two mesodermal spermatic ducts flow separately into the gonopores ( Fig. 5 View Figure 5 C-D) between segments IX and X. In females, a pair of ovaries was observed, each with a single ovarian follicle ( Fig. 6A View Figure 6 ). Each ovarian follicle connects to a lateral oviduct and they come together to form a common oviduct ( Fig. 6B View Figure 6 ). In subimago and adults, the ovarian follicles reach the thoracic tagma and are full of oocytes, filling a large part of the body cavity. The oocytes were rectangular and measured approximately 150 µm length and 80 µm width ( Fig. 6C View Figure 6 ).