Enterocytozoon bieneusi subsp. genotypes

Guo, Yaqiong, Li, Na, Feng, Yaoyu & Xiao, Lihua, 2021, Zoonotic parasites in farmed exotic animals in China: Implications to public health, International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife 14, pp. 241-247 : 244

4.3. E. bieneusi genotypes in farmed monkeys

E. bieneusi infections are especially common in farmed monkeys. Studies conducted in three species of farmed monkeys have identified 15 E. bieneusi genotypes , all belonging to Group 1. Macaque3 (synonym of CM1) was the dominant genotype in most studies ( Table 3). Other common genotypes include Type IV, D and Peru 8, all well-known zoonotic ITS genotypes. There are no apparent differences in the distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes among the three species of farmed monkeys examined. This contrasts with the dominance of Peru 11 and absence of Macaque 3 in free-range monkeys in a public park in Guiyang, China ( Ye et al., 2012). Similarly, in a study of various nonhuman primates in zoos in China, D was the dominant E. bieneusi genotype in most animals, while Macaque3 was only seen in macaque monkeys ( Karim et al., 2015a). In another study conducted in a zoo in Zhengzhou, Henan, all three species of monkeys were mainly infected with HenanV. Therefore, the distribution of E. bieneusi genotypes in farmed monkeys appears to be different from that in captive monkeys kept in zoos and parks.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 85 of E. bieneusi isolates from diverse nonhuman primates produced 59 multilocus genotypes. They formed four subpopulations in phylogenetic and STRUCTURE analyses, all with an epidemic genetic structure. Among them, sub-population 1 contained mainly ITS genotype Type IV, sub-population 2 contained mainly ITS genotypes Macaque3 (CM1) and D, sub-population 3 contained mixed genotypes, while sub-population 4 contained genotype Henan V ( Karim et al., 2014b). This was supported by recent population genetic analyses of E. bieneusi from nonhuman primates and ruminants in China ( Chen et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2020).

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