Carapoia djavani, Huber, 2018

Huber, Bernhard A., 2018, The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits, Zootaxa 4395 (1), pp. 1-178 : 153-155

Carapoia djavani sp. n.

Figs 667–669 , 683–688 , 713–714

Diagnosis. Easily distinguished from known congeners by dorsal process on procursus ( Figs 684–685 ); from two most similar known species ( C. exigua , C. agilis ) also by arrangement and sizes of male cheliceral apophyses ( Fig. 686 ), by shape of epigynum (simple anterior plate, internal dark ‘valve’ visible through cuticle; Figs 687 , 713 ), and by distinctively curved large pore-plates ( Figs 688 , 714 ).

Etymology. Named for Brazilian singer/songwriter Djavan Caetano Viana (born 1949).

Type material. BRAZIL: Alagoas: ♂ holotype, 1♀ paratype, UFMG (21558–59), and 4♂ 11♀ paratypes, ZFMK (Ar 19292), Reserva Biológica de Pedra Talhada (9°14.5’–14.0’S, 36°26.5’–27.2’W), 650–700 m a.s.l., 20– 21.v.2015 (B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho).

Other material examined. BRAZIL: Alagoas: 2♀ 3 juvs in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 15-210), same data as types . 2♂ 1♀, ZFMK (Ar 19293), near Murici, Estação Serra do Ouro (9°14.49’S, 35°50.25’W), 500 m a.s.l., 19.v.2015 (B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho) . 2♂ 5♀, ZFMK (Ar 19294), Usina Serra Grande , forest above sugarcane plantations (8°58.3’S, 36°05.7’W), 450–550 m a.s.l., 22–23.v.2015 (B.A. Huber, L.S. Carvalho) ; 2♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 15-213), same data .

Description. Male (holotype)

MEASUREMENTS. Total body length 1.9, carapace width 0.77. Distance PME-PME 70 µm, diameter PME 50 µm, distance PME-ALE 50 µm, distance AME-AME 20 µm, diameter AME 25 µm. Sternum width/length: 0.52/ 0.40. Leg 1: 10.1 (2.3 + 0.3 + 2.4 + 4.2 + 0.9), tibia 2: 1.6, tibia 3: 1.2, tibia 4: 1.4; tibia 1 L/d: 37. Femora 1–4 width (at half length): 0.15, 0.17, 0.18, 0.16.

COLOR (in ethanol). Prosoma and legs ochre-yellow, legs without dark rings; abdomen pale gray, with indistinct brown plates in front of gonopore and in front of spinnerets, with indistinct yellowish mark in heart area.

BODY. Habitus as in Figs 667–668 ; ocular area barely raised; carapace with deep median furrow; clypeus unmodified; sternum unmodified.

CHELICERAE. With two pairs of small frontal apophyses, each apophysis with one modified (cone-shaped) hair at its tip ( Fig. 686 ).

PALPS. As in Figs 683–684 ; coxa with small retrolateral apophysis; trochanter with small ventral process; femur with retrolatero-ventral process proximally, widening distally; tarsus with prolatero-dorsal process; procursus with distinctive dorsal process and two unique hairs retrolaterally near tip; tip of procursus appears bifid in dorsal view (two dark branches actually connected by transparent membrane; Fig. 685 ); genital bulb with slender pointed apophysis and large whitish dorsal protrusion.

LEGS. Densely covered with regular short hairs, without spines, without curved hairs, few vertical hairs; retrolateral trichobothrium on tibia 1 at 12%; prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1; tarsus 1 with ~20 pseudosegments, distally fairly distinct.

Male (variation). Tibia 1 in eight other males: 2.2–2.7 (mean 2.4). Some males with darker marks dorsally and laterally on abdomen.

Female. In general similar to male ( Fig. 669 ) but without yellowish mark in heart area. Tibia 1 in 17 females: 1.7–2.1 (mean 1.9). Epigynum as in Figs 687 , 713 ; very simple anterior brown plate, weakly protruding, internal ‘valve’ visible through cuticle (except in females with genital plugs); with simple and short posterior plate, without diverging sclerites. Internal genitalia with distinctively curved large pore-plates ( Figs 688 , 714 ).

Natural history. The spiders were found in leaf litter and in small cavities of the ground and at the basis of trees. Males and females sometimes shared the tiny webs (approximately 1–2 cm diameter). When disturbed they ran away quickly.

Distribution. Known from three localities in Alagoas state ( Brazil) ( Fig. 743 ).

Figures

FIGURE 743. Known distributions of the Carapoia agilis ‘group’ and of unplaced species (C. maculata, C.bispina).

FIGURES665–676. Live specimens,Carapoia agilis group andunplaced species.665–666.C. exiguasp.n., male and female from Morro de Pedra. 667–669. C. djavani sp. n., males from Pedra Talhada and Usina Serra Grande, female from Murici. 670–672. C. agilis sp. n., males from Saltinho and near Bonito, female from near Bonito. 673–674. C. maculata sp. n., male and female from Morro de Pedra.675–676.C. bispina sp. n., male and female from near Bonito.

FIGURES 683–688. Carapoia djavani sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19292). 683–684. Left male palp, prolateral and retrolateral views. 685. Left procursus, dorsal view. 686. Male chelicerae, frontal view. 687. Epigynum, ventral view. 688. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view.Scale lines:0.3 (683–684), 0.2 (685–688).

FIGURES 711–720. Female epigyna in ventral views and cleared female genitalia in dorsal views, Carapoia agilis group and unplaced species. 711–712. Carapoia exigua sp. n., from Morro de Pedra (UFMG 21557). 713–714. C. djavani sp. n., from Pedra Talhada (ZFMK Ar 19292). 715–716. C. agilis sp. n., from near Bonito (ZFMK Ar 19295). 717, 720. C. bispina sp. n., from near Bonito (ZFMK Ar 19300). 718–719.C. maculata sp. n., from Morro de Pedra (ZFMK Ar 19299).