Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus ( Keyserling, 1891 )

Huber, Bernhard A., 2018, The South American spider genera Mesabolivar and Carapoia (Araneae, Pholcidae): new species and a framework for redrawing generic limits, Zootaxa 4395 (1), pp. 1-178 : 59-60

Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus ( Keyserling, 1891)

Figs 148–149 , 227–232 , 250

Pholcus cyaneo-maculatus Keyserling, 1891: 173, pl. 5, figs 119 a–d (♂♀, Brazil: Rio de Janeiro).

Blechroscelis cyaneo-maculatus/-a: Moenkhaus 1898: 100 –101. Mello-Leitão 1918: 107–108, figs 22–23. (Both authors just translated Keyserling’s original description, Mello-Leitão also copied Keyserling’s figures; both without adding new data).

Psilochorus cyaneomaculatus: Mello-Leitão 1947c: 2 (Brazil: Minas Gerais).

Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus: Huber 2000: 210 , figs 811–819 (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro). Machado 2007: 81 (Brazil: Minas Gerais, São Paulo). Huber & Rheims 2011: 281 (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo).

Probable and certain misidentifications (see Notes below)

Psilochorus cyaneomaculatus: Mello-Leitão 1943: 155 (Brazil: Pernambuco, Rio Grande do Sul). Blechroscelis cyaneo-maculatus: Mello-Leitão 1947b: 233 (Brazil: Paraná). Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus: Huber 2015: 57 (Brazil: Espírito Santo).

Notes. I have not seen Mello-Leitão’s (1943, 1947b) specimens from Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Pernambuco, but consider these records dubious. Extensive recent collections along the entire Brazilian Atlantic Forest from Rio Grande do Sul to Rio Grande do Norte do not include M. cyaneomaculatus outside Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo states. In particular, Rio Grande do Sul and Pernambuco are far from the confirmed range of this species. The Paraná records might be valid but need confirmation. The Minas Gerais record in Mello-Leitão (1947c) receives some support from Machado’s (2007) record from this state. Finally, my own previous record from Espírito Santo (Huber 2015) is based on two females (ZFMK, Ar 19073, Br10-83) that are very similar to M. cyaneomaculatus but have lower epigynal processes in a more anterior position; they probably represent a different, undescribed species.

Diagnosis. Distinguished from most known congeners by armature of male chelicerae (Huber 2000: fig. 812; one pair of frontal apophyses near median line), shape of procursus (Huber 2000: figs 813–816, Figs 227–229 ; widely curved, distinctive distal structures), and shape of epigynum (Huber 2000: figs 817–818, Figs 230–232 ; trapezoidal anterior plate with pair of apophyses and median pocket); from the very similar M. claricae by longer and more slender procursus with different distal elements (compare Figs 227–229 and 233–235 ), and by larger epigynum (width>0.9, vs. <0.8 in M. claricae ) with anterior pair of low humps (compare Figs 230–232 and 236– 237 ).

Type material. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: 1♂ 1♀ syntypes, BMNH (1890.7.1.8325–7), Rio de Janeiro City(?), no further locality data, leg. E.A. Göldi, examined (Huber 2000).

New records. BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro: 6♂ 3♀ 1 juv., ZFMK (Ar 19074–77), ~ 4 km NW Penedo (22°24.5’S, 44°33.0’–33.4’W), forest along river, 700–770 m a.s.l., 14–16.viii.2007 (B.A. Huber) ; 1♂ 1♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 07/100-6, Br 07/100-43), same data . 4♂ 1♀, ZFMK (Ar 19078), Cachoeira da Pedra Branca near Paraty (23°11.8’S, 44°46.0’W), forest near river, ~ 230 m a.s.l., 22.viii.2007 (B.A. Huber) . 1♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 09-107), Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras (22°59.5’S, 44°06.0’–06.8’W), 50–200 m a.s.l., 25–26.ix.2009 (B.A. Huber) . 1♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (G007), Itatiaia [22.45°S, 44.59°W], 8–15.vi.2001 (H. Japyassú).

São Paulo: 3♂ 4♀ 3 juvs, ZFMK (Ar 19079), Paranapiacaba, Estação Biológica do Alto da Serra (23°46.7’S, 46°18.6’W) 14–15.xii.2003 (B.A. Huber) ; 2♂ 2♀ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 03/100-21), same data . 3♀, ZFMK ( Ar 19080), Ubatuba, Fazenda Angelim (22°36.9’S, 52°17.9’W), 16–18.xii.2003 (B.A. Huber) . 1♂, ZFMK (Ar 19081), São Paulo, Parque Estadual de Cantareira (23.417°S, 46.617°W), 20.xii.2003 (B.A. Huber) ; 1♂ in pure ethanol, ZFMK (Br 03/100-14a), same data .

Description (amendments; see Huber 2000). Tibia 1 in nine newly examined males: 13.1–17.7 (mean 15.6); in 11 newly examined females: 10.4–13.7 (mean 12.2). Male tibia 2/tibia 4 length (N=2): 1.05, 1.08. Femora 2 and 3 in some males much wider than other femora, in others barely wider. Prolateral trichobothrium present on tibia 1. Epigynal processes slightly variable (in lateral view; Figs 231–232 ).

Natural history. The spiders were found in large sheltered spaces among rocks and logs, also under bridges. They built rather flat webs that seemed to have no or a very limited tangle of lines above the sheet. During the day, the spiders sat on the rock or log; when disturbed, they ran into the web and started swinging with large amplitude and high frequency.

Distribution. Widely distributed in the Brazilian states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais, possibly ranging into Paraná state ( Fig. 729 ).

Figures

FIGURES 138–149. Live specimens, Mesabolivar togatus group. 138–139. M. togatus (Keyserling, 1891), males from Sooretama (with Arachnocoris bug; arrow) and Santa Maria Madalena. 140. M. baianus sp. n., male from Serra Bonita. 141– 142. M. similis sp. n., male and female from Morro de Pedra.143–144. M. buraquinho sp. n., male from Bonito, female from Mata do Buraquinho.145–146.M.caiporaHuber, 2015,male and femalefrom Serra daItabaiana.147. M.inmanis sp. n., male from Vargem Alta.148–149.M.cyaneomaculatus (Keyserling, 1891), males from Penedo.

FIGURES 227–240. Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus (Keyserling, 1891) (227–232; ZFMK Ar 19074–75, 19078) and M. claricae sp. n. (233–240; ZFMK Ar 19082–83). 227–229, 233–235. Left procursi, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. 230–232, 236–237.Epigyna, ventral and lateral views, females from Penedo (230–231, ZFMK Ar 19075), Paraty (232, ZFMK Ar 19078), and Santa Maria Madalena (236–237, ZFMK Ar 19083). 238–239. Male chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. 240. Cleared female genitalia, dorsal view. Scale lines: 0.3 (227–229, 233–235; all procursi at same scale), 0.5 (230–232, 236–240; all epigyna at same scale).

FIGURES241–252. Femaleepigyna in ventral views and cleared female genitalia in dorsal views, Mesabolivar togatus group (part2). 241–242.M.bico sp. n. (ZFMK Ar19065).243–244.M.mimoso sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19069).245–246. M.madalenasp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19071). 247–248. M. inmanis sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19072). 249. M. sp. (“sp. 7” in Astrin et al. 2006) (Br03/100- 14b). 250.M.cyaneomaculatus (Keyserling, 1891) (ZFMK Ar 19075). 251–252.M. claricae sp. n. (ZFMK Ar 19083).

FIGURES726–729. Knowndistribution of the Mesabolivar togatusgroup.“?”: dubious recordsof M.togatus, possible record of M. baianus (sub. M. togatus in Machado 2007), and of M. cyaneomaculatus from Paraná (Mello-Leitão 1947b); asterisk: erroneous record of M.togatusfrom Pará in Mello-Leitão (1940a).TL, type locality.