Coccidula Kugelann, 1798

Szawaryn, Karol, Nedved, Oldrich, Biranvand, Amir, Czerwinski, Tomasz & Nattier, Romain, 2021, Revision of the genus Coccidula Kugelann (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae), ZooKeys 1043, pp. 61-85 : 61

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1043.65829
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:B6FC6D94-EC85-4EFC-8CEF-6F2D7E67059D
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1336C156-E005-5A7D-8D59-839CE87A724A
treatment provided by	ZooKeys by Pensoft
scientific name	Coccidula Kugelann, 1798
status

Treatment

Coccidula Kugelann, 1798: 421. Type species: Chrysomela scutellata Herbst, 1783, by subsequent designation by Crotch 1874.

Strongylus Panzer, 1813: 114.

Cacidula Dejean, 1821: 132. Type species: Chrysomela pectoralis Fabricius, 1792 (= Dermestes rufus Herbst, 1783).

Cacicula Stephens, 1831: 397.

Diagnosis.

Representatives of the genus Coccidula with its general body shape may resemble Tetrabrachys Kapur, however, it can be separated based on the structure of the tarsi which are tetramerous in both genera but in Coccidula the first tarsomere is sub-triangularly broadened apically and the second is elongate and distinctly lobbed, while in Tetrabrachys both the first and second are narrow, elongate and without lobes. Moreover, in Tetrabrachys the apical maxillary palpomere is widely securiform, and beetles are brachypterous, while in Coccidula the apical maxillary palpomere is only slightly widened and the second pair of wings is functional. Coccidula is also externally similar to European species of Rhyzobius but it can be separated based on the following characters: body almost parallel sided, elytra covered with punctures of two sizes, larger punctures arranged in nine rows (in C. litophiloides some of them are reduced), base of the pronotum not bordered, while in Rhyzobius the lateral body outline is broadly rounded, the elytra are covered with single sized, randomly arranged punctures, and base of the pronotum with distinct bordering line.

Description.

Body elongate-oval, with sides parallel (Fig. 1C-H View Figure 1 ), body flattened in lateral view, convex in cross-section; dorsum covered with setiferous punctures of two sizes (Figs 7A View Figure 7 , 9A View Figure 9 ), hairs directed forwards on pronotum, backwards on elytra.

Head partially withdrawn into prothorax (Fig. 1C-H View Figure 1 ); ventral antennal grooves shallow and moderately long, extending to posterior border of an eye (Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ). Eyes prominent, coarsely facetted (7-8 ommatidia per eye width), ocular canthus distinct, about as long as 4-5 ommatidium diameters; interocular distance about 3 × as eye diameter; interfacetal setae present only in basal part; temple behind eye distinctly longer than eye (Fig. 3E View Figure 3 ). Antennal insertion placed laterally, invisible from above, distance between antennal insertions about same as between eyes; frons around antennal insertions slightly expanded, covering antennal insertions, anterior tentorial pits placed ventrally below antennal insertions. Antennae (Figs 5A, E View Figure 5 , 7A, D View Figure 7 ) longer than maximum head width including eyes, composed of 11 antennomeres (AN); scape simple, without projections, slightly curved; pedicel distinctly narrower than scape, elongate (1.5 × longer than wide); AN 3-8 elongate (AN3 ≈ 3.5 ×; AN8 ≈ 1.3 × longer than wide); AN 9-11 forming a loose, asymmetric club, ultimate AN truncate apically. Frontoclypeus short, transverse, anterior margin straight. Labrum entirely exposed, transverse, anterior margin straight. Mandibles asymmetric, bifid apically (Fig. 10G View Figure 10 ), molar part with basal tooth; prostheca distinct. Maxillary stipes (Figs 2B View Figure 2 , 5C View Figure 5 , 9C View Figure 9 , 10H View Figure 10 ) with distinct groove for reception of maxillary palp in repose; palpomere 2 shorter than terminal (4th) one, slightly broadened apically; palpomere 3 about 2.3 × shorter than terminal one, subtriangular; terminal palpomere slightly securiform; lacinia with stiff setae on outer margin in apical half, with several additional spurs on surface (Fig. 10H View Figure 10 ). Labial palps (Figs 3E View Figure 3 , 9C View Figure 9 ) with 3 palpomeres, inserted ventrally on prementum; palpomere 1 very small, apical palpomere as long as and about as broad as penultimate; distance between palp insertions about 1.5-2 × as its width. Prementum subquadrate, transverse apically. Mentum trapezoidal, broadest in anterior part, with horseshoe impression at base (Figs 7C View Figure 7 , 9C View Figure 9 ). Submentum broad, transverse, with suture invisible.

Anterior margin of pronotum weakly, broadly emarginate (Figs 3B View Figure 3 , 5B View Figure 5 ) with anterior corners broadly rounded; lateral margins with moderately (Figs 7B View Figure 7 , 9B View Figure 9 ) to distinctly expanded lateral beads (Fig. 3B View Figure 3 ), distinctly margined; hind corners sharply pointed; hind margin not bordered. Prothoracic hypomeron smooth, without delimited foveae (Figs 3C View Figure 3 , 7C View Figure 7 ). Prosternum in front of coxae about as long as longitudinal length of procoxal cavity; anterior margin straight or slightly emarginate with distinct border. Prosternal process about 0.4 times of coxal diameter, surface smooth (Fig. 3C View Figure 3 ) or with lateral carinae (Figs 7C View Figure 7 , 9E View Figure 9 ). Procoxal cavity oval, distinctly bordered anteriorly.

Mesoventrite 1.3 × longer than its width at the level of mid coxae (Figs 1D View Figure 1 , 5D View Figure 5 , 7D View Figure 7 ); mesal surface with deep emargination for receiving tip of prosternal process (Fig. 2C View Figure 2 ); anterior margin with completely raised border. Meso-metaventral process narrow (Figs 1D View Figure 1 , 2C View Figure 2 , 5D View Figure 5 , 7E View Figure 7 ), about 0.5 times of mesocoxal diameter, junction slightly arcuate (Figs 2C View Figure 2 , 3D View Figure 3 , 5D View Figure 5 , 7E View Figure 7 , 9D View Figure 9 ), with suture visible. Metendosternite with stalk sub-quadrate, tendons long, separated by a distance of about width of stalk and situated closer to center (Fig. 10I View Figure 10 ). Scutellar shield pentagonal (Figs 7B View Figure 7 , 9B View Figure 9 ). Elytra at base wider than pronotum, lateral margins clearly visible from above throughout (Figs 2D View Figure 2 , 3A View Figure 3 , 5A View Figure 5 , 7A View Figure 7 ) (except C. scutellata where it is obscured in basal part, Fig. 9A View Figure 9 ), surface covered with punctures of double size, smaller irregularly distributed, larger punctures arranged in nine irregular longitudinal rows. Sutural stria absent. Elytral epipleuron narrow, incomplete, reaching base of ventrite 4 (Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ), with complete bordering line, epipleural foveae absent. Hind wings fully developed or missing (in C. litophiloides ). Metaventral postcoxal lines roundly joined medially, complete laterally, straight or descending (Figs 2C View Figure 2 , 3D View Figure 3 , 5D View Figure 5 , 7E View Figure 7 , 9D View Figure 9 ). Metaventrite with discrimen visible in posterior 2/3.

Trochanters simple, subtriangular, without projection (figs 7E, 9D). Tibiae slightly expanded apically with one apical spur on forelegs, and two in mid and hind legs. Tarsi consisting of four tarsomeres, second tarsomere truncate apically; tarsal claws cleft apically (Fig. 9G View Figure 9 ) with single empodial seta present.

Abdomen in both sexes with 6 ventrites (Fig. 1D View Figure 1 ); ventrite 1 about as long as ventrites 2-4 combined, ventrite 2 longer than ventrite 3, ventrites 3-5 subequal in length. Abdominal postcoxal lines (Figs 7E View Figure 7 , 9D View Figure 9 ) separate medially, recurved and complete, reaching anterior margin of ventrite, posteriorly reaching about half length of ventrite 1. Ventrite 5 in female posteriorly rounded (Fig. 7F View Figure 7 ), in male truncate (Fig. 9F View Figure 9 ). Ventrite 6 rounded in both sexes.

Male terminalia. Tegmen (Figs 4A, B View Figure 4 , 8A, B View Figure 8 , 10A, B View Figure 10 ) symmetrical; parameres articulated with penis guide. Penis (Figs 4C View Figure 4 , 8C View Figure 8 , 10C View Figure 10 ) slender, pointed apically; penis capsule asymmetrical with outer arm reduced, inner arm well developed. Apodeme of male sternum IX simple, not broadened apically (Figs 8D View Figure 8 , 10D View Figure 10 ). Tergite X broadly rounded, semicircular (Figs 8D View Figure 8 , 10D View Figure 10 ).

Female terminalia. Coxites (Figs 10F View Figure 10 ) distinctly elongate, subtriangular; styli small but visible, bearing several short setae; infundibulum absent (Figs 4D View Figure 4 , 8E View Figure 8 , 10E View Figure 10 ); sperm duct simple. Spermatheca (Figs 4D View Figure 4 , 8E View Figure 8 , 10E View Figure 10 ) worm-like, without clear ramus or nodulus; spermathecal accessory gland small, elongate. Proctiger elongate, rounded apically (Fig. 10F View Figure 10 ).