Porteria contulmo, Morrill & Crews & Esposito & Ramírez & Griswold, 2023

Morrill, Elizabeth, Crews, Sarah, Esposito, Lauren, Ramírez, Martín J. & Griswold, Charles, 2023, A revision of the genus Porteria and the phylogeny and biogeography of Porteriinae (Araneae: Desidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 198 (2), pp. 368-461 : 444-449

PORTERIA CONTULMO SP. NOV.

FIGS 65–69

Zoobank registration: urn: lsid: zoobank. o r g: a c t: E 6 F B A 8 A 2 - F E 8 5 - 4 B 7 6 - 9 C 7 0 - 721DBEBBBD74.

Types: Holotype male from Chile, IX Región de la Araucanía, Malleco Province, Contulmo Natural Monument [S38º00.78’, W73º11.257’, elev. 360 m], 19–21 December 1999, M. Ramírez, L. Compagnucci, C. Grismado, L. Lopardo, deposited in MHNS (ex MACN-Ar21077) . Paratypes: one female, same data as holotype, MHNS (ex MACN-AR21071) ; one female from Contulmo Natural Monument, January 1991, E. Maury, MACN-Ar (MACN-Ar21057); one male, same data as holotype, MACN-Ar (MACN-Ar 21072, MJR-21-12-98/1, web sampled) .

Etymology: The species name is a noun in apposition, taken from the type locality and probably the single area where this species occurs.

Diagnosis: The long spear-like DTA pointing retrolaterally is the easiest way to distinguish this species; while similar in overall shape to P.correcaminos ( Fig. 62D ), the DTA of P. contulmo is much longer and sharper ( Figs 67D , 68 F ); also, the notch on the embolus base is deeper. Paracymbium present ( Fig. 68B ). Female with epigyne as in P. bunnyana ( Figs 45A , 48A ) but can be distinguished by vulva morphology, with a much larger atrium ventral wall, extending well past heads of spermatheca (height of atrium ventral wall much shorter in P. bunnyana ), ventral wall with large series of longitudinal ridges ( Fig. 69B ), forming point on median line. These ridges can sometimes be seen in ventral view inside of atrium. Right and left Base 1’s farther apart ( Fig. 69B ) than in P. bunnyana (almost touching, Fig. 48B ), and the spermatheca is angled so that the right and left appear to be diverging anteriorly (more parallel in P. bunnyana ), copulatory ducts ‘S’ shaped ( Fig. 69B ) (straight in P. bunnyana , Fig. 48B ); head of spermatheca more differentiated from stalk, appearing ball like ( Fig. 69B ). Although the vulva looks similar to P. correcaminos , the atrium ventral wall ridges are divided down their centre in P. correcaminos and the Bennett’s gland pore is sunken and obscured in P. contulmo ( Figs 66E, G , 69B ) (visible in P. correcaminos , Fig. 64E, G, I ). Epigyne ( Fig. 66B ) without large fleshy bulge protruding from atrium as in P. correcaminos ( Fig. 64C ).

Description: Male: based on MACN-Ar21077, from Contulmo Natural Monument. Markings as in Figure 65 A-C, dorsum of abdomen with anterolateral lines present, median spots not well defined but one or two pairs present; venter of sternum uniform in colour. Total length 6.03. Carapace length 1.25 times width. Clypeus height times 2.5 AME diameter. ALE diameter 1.5 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 5.98 times clypeus height. Sternum 1.07 long as wide. Femur I 1.41 times carapace length. Leg formula 4123. Cymbium length 3.4 times length of bulb. Cheliceral promargin with five teeth. Feathery hairs present on palps. Leg spination as follows: palp d0-1-2, patella d1-1, tibia d0-1-0, tarsus p0-0-1, tarsus r0-01; leg I femur d1-1(r)-1-2-2, p0-0-1-0, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)- 0-0, p0-0-1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus p0-0-1, r0-0-1, v2-2- 1; leg II: femur d1(p)-1-1(r)-3-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus d2-0- 2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1; leg III: femur d3-2-1(r)-1-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-1-0, p 0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0, v2-2- 2, metatarsus d2-0-2, p0-1-0-1, r0-1-0-1, v2-2-1, tarsus r0-1, v0-2; leg IV: femur d1-1(p)-1-1(r)-1(p)-1(r)-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-1-0, p0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0, v2-2- 2, metatarsus d2-1(r)-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-1-1, tarsus r0-1, v0-3. Palp as in Figures 66 A-C, 67 and 68, with four tibial apophyses ( Fig. 68B, D, F ): VTA flattened ventral mound, RTA with thick base extending more apicad than P. contulmo , with tooth-like projection at apex; DTA similar in general shape to P. correcaminos but pointed apex much longer and sharper, paralleling the RTA; LRTA similar to P. correcaminos , bent and projecting out of frontal plane ventrally. Conductor, tegulum and tip of embolus ( Fig. 68B ) like that of P. correcaminos , embolus base with more distinct, deeper notch on anterior margin ( Figs 66B , 67B ), base narrower. Paracymbium present on retroapical aspect of bulb ( Figs 66C , 68B ).

Leg measurements (right): leg I 15.75 (4.15, 5.16, 3.95, 2.48); leg II 13.74 (3.95, 4.35, 3.48, 1.94); leg III 12.53 (3.55, 3.69, 3.62, 1.68); leg IV 16.38 (4.36, 4.82, 4.99, 2.21); palp 9.18 (3.35, 2.41, –, 3.42).

Variation: (N = 2). Total length 5.83–5.96. Carapace length 1.27–1.49 times width. Clypeus height 2.00– 2.17 times AME diameter. ALE diameter 1.67–1.83 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 6.23–7.25 times clypeus height. Sternum length 1–1.07 times width. Femur I 1.31–1.32 times carapace length. Cymbium length 2.40–3.24 times length of bulb. Cheliceral promargin with four to five teeth and two denticles.

Description: Female: based on MACN-Ar21071, from Contulmo Natural Monument. Markings as in Figure 65 D-F; pale yellow anterolateral lines with two pairs of median spots. Total length 6.7. Carapace length 1.25 times width. Clypeus height 2.43 times AME diameter. ALE diameter 1.57 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 5.35 times clypeus height. Sternum length 1.05 times as wide. Femur I 3.35 times carapace length. Leg formula 4123. Cheliceral promargin with four teeth and two denticles. Leg spination as follows: palp: femur d1-1-3, patella d1-1, tibia d1-1, p1-0, tarsus d2-0, p1-1-0, r0-1-1, v1-2-2; leg I: femur d1-1(r)-1-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-0-1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus p0-0- 1, r0-0-1, v2-2-1; leg II: femur d1-3-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-1-1-0, r0-1-0-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus d0-0-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-1(r)-1; leg III: femur d1-3-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-0, p0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus d2-0-2, p0-1-1, r0-1-1, v2-2-1, tarsus v0-1; leg IV: femur d1-1-2-2, patella d1-1, tibia d1(r)-0-1-0, p0-1-1-0, r0-1-1-0, v2-2-2, metatarsus d2-1(r)-1, p0-1- 1, r0-0-1-2, v1-1-1, tarsus r0-1, v0-2. Epigyne as in Figures 66 E-G and 69A, B, similar to P. bunnyana , one large cavity with outer margins forming an ‘M’-shape; stout median scape on anterior margin of hood, directed posteriorly; lateral margins of cavity scalloped, with folds and ridges. Vulva with protruding atrium ventral wall with a series of longitudinal ridges, curved to form a point in middle ( Figs 66G , 69B ) but wall not divided. Copulatory ducts of medium length, curved anteriorly in an ‘S’ shape to meet the stalk of the spermatheca just adjacent to the head. Head well differentiated, with pores. Right and left stalks converging but not touching ( Fig. 69B ), pores present on dorsolateral surface. Base 1 amorphous with fertilization duct attached to posterior margin; Base 2 attached anterior to Base 1, oval and connected to anterior portion of stalk; copulatory ducts running next to the lateral margin of Base 2. Bennett’s gland pores sunken in between stalk and Base 2, obscured in dorsal view.

Leg measurements (right): leg I 12.25 (3.35, 4.10, 2.90, 1.90); leg II 10.45 (2.95, 3.35, 2.55, 1.60); leg III 9.95 (2.80, 3.05, 2.70, 1.40); leg IV 13.50 (3.60, 4.15, 4.00, 1.75); palp 4.45 (1.40, 1.55, NA, 1.50).

Variation: (N = 1). Total length 6.2. Carapace length 1.23 times width. Clypeus height 2.5 times AME diameter. ALE diameter 2 times AME diameter. Chelicera length 5.67 times clypeus height. Sternum length 1.11 times width. Femur I 1.11 times carapace length. Cheliceral promargin with four teeth and one denticle.

Distribution: Only known from Contulmo Natural Monument, near Purén ( Fig. 76C ).

Other material examined: IX Región de la Araucanía: Malleco Province, Contulmo Natural Monument, elev. 340 m, November 18, 1993, Platnick , Catley , Ramírez , Allen , one male, AMNH CASENT9044684), elev. 350 m, December 11, 1984 - February 13, 1985, S. and J. Peck, ‘mixed evergreen forest, FIT’, five males, AMNH ( CASENT9044685 ) ; Purén, Contulmo Natural Monument , elev. 350 m, December 11, 1984 - February 13, 1985, S. and J. Peck, ‘mixed evergreen forest’, FIT, six females, AMNH ( CASENT9044692 ) ; Contulmo Natural Monument , S 38 º 00.78 ’, W73º11.257’, elev. 360 m, February 10–11, 2005, M. Ramírez and F. Labarque, one female, MACN-Ar ( ARAMR000284 ) .

Notes: Male-female association of P. contulmo is based mostly on locality data and a process of elimination between sympatric species that have been already paired: those from the bunnyana group that are not clearly assigned to other species are by default considered males and females of P. contulmo . Further sampling in this area, as well as the opportunity to sequence fresh specimens, will help support or contradict this species concept.

Figures

Figure 45. Genitalia of P. bunnyana sp. nov. A-E, left palp, male from Pucón, CASENT9044671. A, retrolateral view. B, ventral view. C, detail, retrolateral view. D, prolateral view. E, detail of tibia, dorsal view. F,G, female from Pucón, CASENT9055695. F, ventral view. G, dorsal view.

Figure 48. Scanning electron micrographs of epigynum and vulva of P. bunnyana sp. nov. from Pucón, CASENT9055695. A, ventral view. B, dorsal view.

Figure 62. Left male palp of P. correcaminos sp. nov. from Lago Chapo, 34 km east of Puerto Montt, CASENT9044644. A, prolateral view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, dorsal view. Illustration by Rachel Diaz-Bastin.

Figure 64. Scanning electron micrographs of epigynum and vulva of P. correcaminos sp. nov. from Panguipulli, CASENT9021323, except C, from Volcán Osorno, CASENT9055582. A, ventral view, arrow to posterior invagination. B, posterior view, arrow to posterior invagination. C, ventral view, without hairs, note divided atrium. D, dorsal view, note divided wall of atrium. E, dorsolateral view. F, anterodorsal view. G, close-up of pores on stalk and head of spermatheca. H, epigynal glands. I, Bennett’s gland. Abbreviations: AVW, atrium ventral wall; BG, Bennet’s gland; BS1, basal receptacle 1; BS2, basal receptacle 2; CD, copulatory duct; FD, fertilization duct; HS, spermathecal head; Sc, scape; SS, spermathecal stalk.

Figure 65. Habitus of P. contulmo sp. nov. A-C, holotype male from Contulmo NM, NHNS ex MACN-Ar21077. A, dorsal view. B, ventral view. C, lateral view. D-F, female from Contulmo NM. D-E, MACN-Ar21057. F, CASENT9044692. D, dorsal view. E, ventral view. F, lateral view.

Figure 66. Genitalia of P. contulmo sp. nov. A–D, left palp, male from from Contulmo NM, CASENT9044679. A, ventral view. B, dorsal view. C, prolateral view. D, retrolateral view with entire cymbium. E–G, female from Contulmo NM, CASENT9044692. E, dorsolateral view, F, ventral view. G, dorsal view.

Figure 67. Left male palp of P. contulmo sp. nov. from Contulmo NM, near Purén, Malleco Province (CASENT9044685). A, prolateral view. B, ventral view. C, retrolateral view. D, dorsal view. Illustration by Rachel Diaz-Bastin.

Figure 68. Scanning electron micrographs of left male palp of P. contulmo sp. nov. from Contulmo NM, CASENT9044685. A, ventral view. B, retrolateral view. C, dorsal view. D, prolateral view. E, detail of tibia, prolateral view, without cymbium. F, same, apical view. Abbreviations: C, conductor; DTA, dorsal tibial apophysis; E, embolus; LRTA, long retrolateral apophysis positioned mesad to RTA; PC, paracymbium; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis.

Figure 69. Scanning electron micrographs of epigynum and vulva of P. contulmo sp. nov. from Contulmo NM, CASENT9044692. A, ventral view showing short, blunt median scape. B, dorsal view showing internal structures; note atrium ventral wall undivided.

Figure 76. A, records of Porteria species in Chile. B, distribution of P. eddardstarki sp. nov.—the northernmost record is Fray Jorge National Park. C, records of species with restricted distributions, and of P. albopunctata sp. nov. in southern Chile. D, distribution of P. ajimayo sp. nov.—the southernmost records are in Reserva Costera Valdiviana and Alerce Costero National Park. E, distribution of P. bunnyanasp. nov.—the southernmost record is in Chonchi, Chiloé Island.