Darekia sanguinea, Prokop & Krzemiński & Krzemińska & Wojciechowski, 2012
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.4202/app.2010.0064 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/124E5B4F-FFEB-FFCF-FCA4-48907A89401D |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Darekia sanguinea |
| status |
sp. nov. |
Darekia sanguinea sp. nov.
Fig. 4B.
Etymology: Named after sanguineous color of the holotype (Latin sanguinea ); gender feminine.
Type material: Holotype: Specimen No. MP ISEA I−F / MP/1488 /14a/08 imprint and MP ISEA I−F / MP/1488 /14b/08 counter−imprint, a well preserved basal part of fore wing.
Type locality: Sosnowiec−Klimontów , originally Porąbka−Klimontów Mine, Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland .
Type horizon: Załęże beds, Mudstone series, Langsettian, Westphalian A, Upper Carboniferous .
Diagnosis.—Based on wing venation pattern of basal fore wing. Dense pattern of cross−veins; convex stem of R well basally separated from MP; division of RA and RP well behind the connection of MP and CuA, stem of Cu well separated and basally concave or neutral; point of separation between CuA and CuP close to wing base; CuA convex, strongly diverges to MP from division of CuA and CuP; convex CuA shortly connected to MP; concave CuP simple and straight running to posterior wing margin; broad area between CuA and CuP with four rows of cells; convex 1A (AA) basally remote from stem of Cu; anal area strongly reduced.
Description.— Holotype MP ISEA I−F/MP/1488/14ab/08 ( Fig. 4B): no evidence of original coloration; dense pattern of cross−veins present; membrane rather thick. Length of wing fragment 25.9 mm, estimated wing length about 85 mm, and maximum width about 22 mm; area between C and ScP with a net of numerous veinlets; concave ScP nearly straight; convex stem of R well basally separated from MP and attached to axillary plate, nearly straight; MP concave and basally well separated; stem of Cu well separated and basally concave or neutral; point of separation between CuA and CuP 10.9 mm from wing base, apparently very basal; CuA convex, strongly diverges to MP from division of CuA and CuP;
http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.2010.0064
convex CuA shortly connected to MP 10.6 mm from division of CuA and CuP; numerous simple cross−veins between MP and stem of Cu and CuA; concave CuP simple and straight, running to posterior wing margin; broad area between CuA and CuP with four rows of cells; convex 1A (AA) basally remote from stem of Cu; area between stem Cu and 1A with five rows of cells; concave 2A (AP) running close to the posterior wing margin with three or four rows of cells between 1A and 2A; vein 2A distally branched; anal area strongly reduced.
Discussion.—The fore wing base described herein is attributable to Paoliidae mainly due to presence of basal division of CuA and CuP close to wing base, dense network of crossveins, and reduced anal area. Darekia gen. nov. clearly differs from all other paoliid genera by the presence of a short connection between veins MP and CuA. Pseudofouquea Handlirsch, 1906 described from Wales bears similar pattern of wing base but both these veins are just close together, and not connected. Stygne Handlirsch, 1906 known from Polish part of USCB, but from the older strata (Paralic Series, equivalent Ostrava Formation, Namurian) shares also rapprochement of veins MP and CuA, but these veins are also not connected, and the area between CuA and CuP is markedly narrower, with a net of crossveins less dense than in Darekia . Moreover, the division of RA and RP in Stygne is about the level of closest point between MP and CuA. Although this fork is not preserved in the available material of Darekia , it is at least located in a more distal position. Nevertheless, Stygne is considered as closely related to paoliid genera by many authors (see e.g., Carpenter [1992], Kukalová [1958a]). We support this assumption due to presence of deep branching of MP and CuA with numerous branches ending on posterior wing margin, but only with reservation when considering regular pattern of simple cross−veins unusual in paoliids.
It should be noticed that anastomosed CuA with MP occurs also in Pachytylopsidae (see e.g., Protopachytylopsis leckwicki Laurentiaux and Laurentiaux−Vieira, 1981 ; Westphalian A of Belgium), in which however CuA is basally divided into anterior branch CuA1 anastomosed with MP and a posterior branch CuA2 ( Laurentiaux and Laurentiaux−Vieira 1981: fig. 2A). This situation is markedly different from pattern present in Darekia . Therefore, the combination of characters unique among the Paoliidae justify designation of a new genus Darekia .
Paoliidae gen. et sp. indet.
Fig. 4C, D.
Material.—Fore wing bases MP ISEA I−F/MP/1492/342/09 (counter−imprint); MP ISEA I−F/MP/1488/15a/08 (imprint) and MP ISEA I−F/MP/1488/15b/08 (counter−imprint).
Geographic and stratigraphic range.— Sosnowiec−Klimontów , originally Porąbka−Klimontów Mine , Upper Silesian Coal Basin , Poland. All specimens mentioned above come from the type locality. Załęże beds, Mudstone series, Langsettian, Westphalian A, Upper Carboniferous .
Description.—Specimen MP ISEA I−F/MP/1492/342/09 ( Fig. 4C). Fore wing base with dense pattern of crossveins and rather thick membrane; length of wing fragment 14.3 mm, maximum width of wing fragment 18.6 mm; area between C and ScP rather broad with four or five cells in between; concave ScP partially preserved, nearly straight; convex stem of R straight, basally separated from MP; concave MP basally running parallel to stem of R; stem of Cu well separated and basally concave; point of separation between CuA and CuP 6.4 mm from wing base; CuA convex, diverges to MP from division of CuA and CuP; one row of simple crossveins between MP and stem of Cu and CuA; concave CuP simple and slightly curved, running to posterior wing margin; broad area between CuA and CuP with four rows of cells; convex first anal vein (possibly AA1+2) basally remote from stem of Cu; area between stem Cu and first anal vein with five rows of cells; three other simple anal veins basally very close each other forming strongly reduced anal area.
Specimen MP ISEA I−F/MP/1488/15ab/08 ( Fig. 4D 1 View Fig , D 2 View Fig ). Fore wing base with dense pattern of crossveins and rather thick membrane; basal articulation partly preserved; length of wing fragment 27.6 mm, maximum width 19.7 mm, estimated width about 22 mm; costal margin not preserved; concave ScP nearly straight partially preserved; convex stem of R nearly straight, basally well separated from MP; concave MP running parallel to stem of R with simple crossveins in between; stem of Cu well separated and basally concave; point of separation between CuA and CuP 8.9 mm from wing base; convex CuA diverges to MP from stem Cu; one or two rows of crossveins between MP and stem of Cu and CuA; strong oblique arculus between MP and CuA present 11.7 mm from division of CuA and CuP; concave CuP simple running straight to posterior wing margin; area between CuA and CuP markedly broad with four or five rows of cells in widest part; convex first anal vein (AA1+2) basally remote from stem of Cu and other anal veins; area between stem Cu and first anal vein with three rows of cells; four other simple anal veins basally very close each other forming strongly reduced anal area connected by simple crossveins.
Discussion.—We provide description of these paoliid wing bases although we could not clearly attribute them within the known genera. Nevertheless, the excellent preservation state of these basal parts and their morphology is giving at least evidence of folding mechanism as occurring in neopteran insects. Generally the wing articulation consists of movable parts less sclerotized when compared to the wings and other external body structures with higher preservation potential. The presence of fragmentary preserved wing articulation provides for the first time an evidence of corresponding articular sclerites (medial basivenale [BM], medial fulcalare [FM], anal anterior basivenale [BAA], anal posterior basivenale [BAP]), or at least their distal parts connected to the main veins (see arrows in Fig. 4B, D). Basing on their arrangements and proportions we could generally infer the supposed position of axillary sclerites. The pattern of basal articulation exhibits the wing folding due to the presence of the 3 rd axillary sclerite and supporting the placement into Neoptera contra Sharov (1966). Nevertheless, the precise systematical position of paoliids within the Neoptera remains unresolved until more complete specimens will be discovered.
| MP |
Mohonk Preserve, Inc. |
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