Falco albicilla Linnaeus, 1758
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a16 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B22F210-FDA8-4F91-BFEE-10A8823E2A5D |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12667059 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/122887C5-FFC4-FFDC-FC34-FC93FD80F8E2 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Falco albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 |
status |
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6. Buffon’s “Pygargue” (full species)
6.1. Linnaeus (1758: 89): “ FALCO ALBICILLA ” G41, S8, order “ Accipitres ”. This species includes a North American variety (see below 8.1).
REFERENCES (WITHOUT THE VARIETY). — Linnaeus (1746: [19] no. 58), “ Falco cera flava ; rectricibus albis, versus apices nigris ”, based on direct observation in Sweden, and reference to Belon, Gessner, Willughby, and Ray; Belon (1557: 15 ro), “ Pygargus , Janleblanc, Oyseau saint Martin ”; Gessner (1585: 205), “ Pygargus ”; Aldrovandi (1599:[205]), “ Pygargus ”; Willughby (1676: 31), “ Pygargus seu Albicilla quibusdam Hinnularia ”, direct observation; Ray (1713: 7 no. 5), “ Pygargus , Albicilla Gazae, quibusdam Hinnularia ”.
DISTRIBUTION (INCLUDING THE VARIETY). — Europe, America.
MODERN IDENTIFICATION. — * Haliaeetus albicilla ( Linnaeus, 1758) according to the diagnosis and most of the mentioned sources, not least the Fauna Svecica ( Linnaeus 1746), as well as Willughby (1676) and Ray (1713), who write that they observed a freshly killed bird in Venice in 1664. However, Belon’s “Jan-le-blanc” is probably * Circus cyaneus ( Linnaeus, 1766) (Glardon in Belon [1997: 410]), and the “ Pygargus ” of Gessner and Aldrovandi (who rely on a tradition going back to the Antiquity) combines elements relating to * Haliaeetus albicilla and to * Circus cyaneus ( Springer & Kinzelbach 2009: 180) .
MODERN NOMENCLATURE. — Falco albicilla Linnaeus, 1758 is an available and valid name, the protonym of the name currently in use for the species; “Restricted type locality, Sweden, ex Fn. Suec.” according to Peters (1931: 258), who relied on Linnaeus (1761: 19).
6.2. Brisson (1759a: 427-429, 1762: 25, 1763a: 123-124): “ AIGLE À QUEUE BLANCHE ”, “ AQUILA ALBICILLA ”, species 5 of genus IX (“Aigle”, “ Aquila ”), order III, section 1.
OBSERVATION. — No direct observation. Description mainly borrowed from Willughby.
REFERENCES. — Willughby (1676: 31); Ray (1713: 7 no. 5); Linnaeus (1746: [19] no. 58); Linnaeus (1748: [17]), G36, S6 (“ Pygargus ” in genus “ Falco ”); Klein (1750: 40 no. 2), “ Aquila Pygargus ”, based on Willughby, Ray and Catesby’s “Bald Eagle”; Linnaeus (1758: [89]), G41, S8.
DISTRIBUTION. — Europe.
MODERN IDENTIFICATION. — * Haliaeetus albicilla ( Linnaeus, 1758) , according to the diagnosis and the mentioned sources, since Brisson here excludes the authors of the 16th century who mistook this species with * Circus cyaneus (however, Klein also mentions Catesby’s “Bald Eagle”, which is * Haliaeetus leucocephalus ). More precisely, Brisson’s description corresponds to a female, since the “Aigle à queue blanche” is bigger than the “Petit Aigle à queue blanche” (see below).
6.3. Linnaeus (1766: 123-124): Species shifted into the genus “ Vultur ” (because of the presence of an almost naked area between the eyes and the nostrils): “ VULTUR ALBIULLA ” [sic] G41, S8, emended as “ VULTUR ALBICILLA ” in an erratum at the end of vol. 2 ( Linnaeus 1767), order “ Accipitres ”.
REFERENCES. — Linnaeus (1761: [19] no. 55), “ Falco Albicilla ”; direct observation and ref. to Belon, Gessner, Willughby, Ray; Brünnich (1764: [3] no. 12), “ Falco Albicilla ”; Belon (1557: 15 ro.); Gessner (1585: 205); Willughby (1676: 31); Ray (1713: 7 no. 5); Brisson (1759a: 427).
DISTRIBUTION. — Europe.
MODERN IDENTIFICATION. — * Haliaeetus albicilla ( Linnaeus, 1758) ; see the comments on Linnaeus (1758).
6.4. Buffon in Buffon & Guéneau de Montbeillard (1771a: 99- 102), quarto edition; (1771b: 78-80), folio edition: “ PYGARGUE ”. Buffon distinguishes between three varieties in this species: the “Grand Pygargue” (in question here), the “Petit Pygargue” and the “Pygargue à tête blanche” (see below: 7.4 and 8.4).
REMARK. — Since this bird, according to Buffon, is not an eagle in the strictest sense, he uses the neologism “pygargue” by gallicization of the Greek word “ pygargos ” (“white rump”) which, however, may not have designated the same species in the works of ancient authors.
OBSERVATION. — No direct observation of the “Grand Pygargue”.
REFERENCES (FOR THE “ GRAND PYGARGUE ” ONLY). — Aristotle (“ pygargos ”); Willughby (1676: 31); Linnaeus ([1746: 19 no. 58]); Brisson (1759a: 427); Salerne (1767: 7), “Grosse Bondrée blanche”.
DISTRIBUTION / HABITAT (INCLUDING THE VARIETIES). — Plains, cold climates; “all provinces of Northern Europe”.
MODERN IDENTIFICATION. — * Haliaeetus albicilla ( Linnaeus, 1758) , female: see the comments on Linnaeus (1758) and Brisson. On Aristotle, see Arnott (2007: 296).
6.5. Gmelin (1788: 253): back into the genus “ Falco ”: “ FALCO ALBICILLA ” G42, S39, order “ Accipitres ”.
REFERENCES. — Linnaeus (1766: 123), G41, S8; Linnaeus (1761: [19] no. 55); Brünnich (1764: [3] no. 12); Brisson (1759a: 427); Belon (1557: 15 ro.); Gessner (1585: 205); Ray (1713: 7 no. 5); Buffon & Guéneau de Montbeillard (1771a: 99) and PE 411; Willughby (1678: 61), “Pygarg or white-tail’d Eagle”; Pennant (1776: 170 [no. 45], pl. 18), “Cinereous Eagle”; Latham (1781: 33 no. 5), “Cinereous Eagle”, refers to Linnaeus’s “ Vultur Albicilla ”, Brisson’s “Aigle à queue blanche”, Buffon’s “Grand Pygargue” and PE 411, Ray, Frisch’s pl. 70, Willughby, Pennant; Frisch (1733 -1763: 70); like Latham, Gmelin refers to PE 411 twice (see below, “ Falco leucocephalus ”).
DISTRIBUTION. — Europe, not least Scotland and adjacent islands.
MODERN IDENTIFICATION. — * Haliaeetus albicilla ( Linnaeus, 1758) , female (Gmelin gives this species the same size as Brisson does); see the comments on Linnaeus (1758) and Brisson.
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Falco albicilla Linnaeus, 1758
Schmitt, Stéphane & Gouraud, Christophe 2024 |
FALCO ALBICILLA
GMELIN J. F. 1788: 253 |
Vultur Albicilla
LATHAM J. 1781: 33 |
PENNANT T. 1776: 170 |
BUFFON G. - L. & LECLERC COMTE DE & GUENEAU DE MONTBEILLARD P. 1771: 99 |
LINNAEUS C. & VON 1766: 123 |
BRISSON M. J. 1759: 427 |
RAY J. 1713: 7 |
WILLUGHBY F. 1678: 61 |
GESSNER C. 1585: 205 |
BELON P. 1557: 15 |
AQUILA ALBICILLA
BRISSON M. J. 1763: 123 |
BRISSON M. J. 1762: 25 |
BRISSON M. J. 1759: 427 |
FALCO ALBICILLA
LINNAEUS C. & VON 1758: 89 |
Aquila Pygargus
KLEIN J. T. 1750: 40 |
Pygargus
RAY J. 1713: 7 |
WILLUGHBY F. 1676: 31 |