Dryopteris filix-mas, (L.) Schott

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1964, Flora Europaea - Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae, Cambridge University Press : 21

1. D. filix-mas (L.) Schott , Gen. Fil. t. 9 (1834)

( Nephrodium filix-mas (L.) Strempel ).

Rhizome stout, crowns one or few. Leaves (15—)30—130(—150) x 5-25 cm; petiole J- as long as lamina, pale brown, somewhat scaly, scales pale brown; point of insertion of secondary rhachis not blackish; lamina oblonglanceolate to elliptical-lanceolate, pinnate, flat or recurved at apex; pinnae linear- to oblong-lanceolate, sessile, deeply pinnatifid to pinnate, flat or recurved at margin; pinnules or their ultimate segments oblong to oblong-lanceolate, denticulate, crenate-serrate or lobed all round, rounded at apex. Sori 1-5 mm in diameter, at least 3 and usually 5 or 6 on each pinnule; indusium not glandular, not embracing the sporangium when young. 2/7 = 164. Most o f Europe except the extreme north and south. All except Az Bl Fa Sa Sb Si.