Quercus ilex, L.

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1964, Flora Europaea - Volume 1. Lycopodiaceae to Platanaceae, Cambridge University Press : 62

4. Q. ilex L. , Sp. Pl. 995 (1753).

Evergreen tree up to 25 m, or shrub; twigs and buds grey-tomentose. Leaves 3-7 cm, thick but not rigid, oblong-ovate to lanceolate, with cuneate or rounded base, entire, mucronate-dentate or spinose-serrate, dark green, glabrescent and smooth above, grey-tomentose and with prominent veins beneath; midrib straight; lateral veins 7-11 pairs; petiole 6-15 mm; stipulessubulate, densely hairy. Perianth-lobes lanceolate, subacute; anthers mucronate. Fruit bitter, ripening in the first year; scales of involucre appressed, flat. In — 24. Mediterranean region, extending to Portugal, N. Spain and W. France. Plantedelsewhere in W. & S. Europe andrarelynaturalized. Al BI Co Cr Ga Gr Hs It Ju Lu Sa Si Tu [Br He Rs (K)].