SIPHONAPTERA

Phoebetria palpebrata (I.R. Forster, 1785)

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 5 adults, 49 larvae, from nest ( Watt 1970; Gressitt 1970); larvae, adults, found in nests ( Flores 1998).

COLLEMBOLA

Folsomotoma octooculata (Willem, 1901)

= Parisotoma octooculata (Willem, 1901) : Wise 1970.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Ocean Hbr. & Hound Bay, Tilbrook leg., 3 exx. [BASC], in moss near light-mantled sooty albatross nest ( Wise 1970).

Pseudosorensia atlantica ( Wise, 1970) View in CoL

= Sorensia atlantica Wise, 1970 : Convey et al. 1999.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tilbrook leg., 3 exx. Paratypes [ BASC], in moss near light-mantled sooty albatross nest ( Wise 1970) .

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Cumberland East Bay , 24-XI-1964, Jones 206A, 1 ex., in light-mantled sooty albatross nest ( Wise 1970) .

Neanuridae [sensu Massoud, 1967]

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Ocean Hbr., Tilbrook leg., 1 ex. [ BASC], in moss nr. light-mantled sooty albatross nest ( Wise 1970) .

Onychiuridae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: 1-III-1964, Clagg 216A, 1 ex., in light-mantled sooty albatross nest; Grytviken Pen., Cumberland East Bay, 24-XI-1964, Clagg 198A, 1 ex., Clagg 206A, 1 ex., in light-mantled sooty albatross nest ( Wise 1970) .

Thalassarche chrysostoma (I.R. Forster, 1785)

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 1 adult, from nest ( Watt 1970; Gressitt 1970); ( Flores 1998). Note: Flores (1998) says that larvae and adults were found in the nests of all birds mentioned by Watt (1970), but only one adult was found in the nest of this bird ( Watt 1970).

DIPTERA : Sciaridae

Bradysia sp.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Grytviken Penninsula , Cumberland, East Bay, 24-XI-1964, Clagg leg., SG #195C, 1 female, ex nest material ( Steffan 1970) .

= Diomedea chrysostoma: Watt 1970 View in CoL ; Gressitt 1970.

Thalassarche melanophris (Temminck, 1828)

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 1 larvae, from nest ( Watt 1970, Gressitt 1970).

Note: record omitted by Flores (1998).

= Diomedea melanophrys: Smit 1987 .

= Diomedea melanophris: Watt 1970 View in CoL ; Gressitt, 1970; Flores 1998.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 1 adult, 13 larvae from nest ( Watt 1970, Gressitt 1970); larvae, adults, in the nests ( Flores 1998).

Leptusa atriceps (Waterhouse, 1875)

FALKLAND ISLANDS: without locality, 4-III-1962, R.W. Woods leg., 3 males, 3 females [ BMNH]; Devil’s Nose, West Point Island , 5-III-1962, I. Strange leg., 2 males, 13 females [ BMNH] ( Smit 1987) .

Undetermined sp.

COLEOPTERA : Staphylinidae

= Halmaeusa atriceps (Waterhouse, 1875) View in CoL : Steel 1970: 241-242 [distr.]

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], in nest of “albatross” ( Steel 1970).

FRINGILLIDAE

Phrygilus gayi (Gervais, 1834)

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929)

CHILE: L. [Lake] Meñiques , 12-II-1971, S.E. Chapman leg., 1 female [ BMNH], ex Gray-headed Sierra Finch ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006) .

FURNARIIDAE

Aphrastura spinicauda [ spinicauda (Gmelin, 1798) ]

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) aedon Beaucornu, Vergara, Balboa & Gonzalez Acuña, 2006

CHILE: Manquehue , 33º 22’ S, 70º 30’ W [10 km N from Santiago], 3-IV-2005, P. Vergara leg., 1 male Paratype, in the nest together with D. (N.) cteniopus (Beaucornu et al. 2006) ; Chile ( Aramburú et al. 2009b, following Beaucornu et al. 2006) GoogleMaps .

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) cteniopus ( Jordan & Rothschild, 1920) View in CoL

CHILE: Región Metropolitana: Santiago, second year, in 42 %) of 21 nests in nest boxes ( Vergara et al. 2005); Manquehue , 33º 22’ S, 70º 30’ W [10 km N from Santiago], 3-IV-2005, P. Vergara leg., in the nest together with D. (N.) aedon (Beaucornu et al. 2006) GoogleMaps .

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929)

CHILE: Región Metropolitana: Santiago, first year, in 2 (18 %) of 11 nests in nest boxes ( Vergara et al. 2005).

Asthenes anthoides [ anthoides (King, 1830) ]

= Siptornis anthoides: Jordan 1933: 360 [distr.; host], 361 [host].

SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae View in CoL

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929)

= Dasypsyllus aemulus Jordan, 1933 View in CoL : Johnson 1957: 116 [distr.; hosts; refs.]; Hastriter & Schlatter 2006: 255-256 [syn.; distr.; hosts]; Autino & Lareschi 1998: 290 [hosts; distr.]

ARGENTINA ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946): Tierra del Fuego ( Autino & Lareschi 1998): Estancia Viamonte ( Del Ponte & Riesel 1939; Capri & Capri 1959), 7-IX-1931, W.P. Reynolds, 1 female [ BMNH] ( Jordan 1933, Johnson 1957, Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) comatus Jordan, 1933 View in CoL

ARGENTINA ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946): Tierra del Fuego ( Autino & Lareschi 1998): Estancia Viamonte ( Del Ponte & Riesel 1939; Capri & Capri 1959), 7-IX-1930, W.P. Reynolds leg., 1 female [ BMNH] ( Jordan 1933, Johnson 1957), Neallotype [sic] ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).

Note: Only the specimen of D. comatus on V. chilensis was mentioned as the type ( Jordan 1933).

Asthenes sp.

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) araucanus ( Jordan & Rothschild, 1920) View in CoL

ARGENTINA: Río Negro: J.L. Roca, VIII-1963, Bachmann leg., 1 male, 1 female [ CMNH], in nest ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006) .

Cinclodes antarcticus antarcticus (Garnot, 1826)

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) comatus Jordan, 1933 View in CoL

FALKLAND ISLANDS: Carcass Island , date “J 1933,” D. Galloway leg., 2 males [ BMNH], ex Blackish Cinclodes ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006) .

CHILE: Diego Ramírez Archipelago , 15-XII-1980, R.P. Schlatter leg., 1 female [ MWH], ex C. antarcticus ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006) .

Cinclodes fuscus (Vieillot, 1818)

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) comatus Jordan, 1933 View in CoL

CHILE: Magallanes: 5 km N Punta Arenas , 100 m, 31-XII-1965, J.L. Gressit leg., 3 males, 1 female [ CMNH], ex ground nest ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006) .

HIRUNDINIDAE

Tachycineta meyeni (Cabanis, 1850)

Dasypsyllus (Avesopsylla) lasius lasius (Rothschild, 1909)

ARGENTINA: Tierra del Fuego: Ushuaia, in nests ( Aramburú et al. 2009a); 3 sites [not specified] near the city of Usuhaia, males, females, in 4 and 7 nests of 2006-2007 & 2007-2008 reproductive seasons respectively ( Aramburú et al. 2009b).

ICTERIDAE

Sturnella loyca (Molina, 1782)

= Pezites militaris falklandicus : Holland 1985.

= Pezites militaris Linnaeus, 1771 : Hastriter & Schlatter 2006.

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929)

FALKLAND ISLANDS: East Falkland: [Port] Stanley ( Holland 1985, following Smit 1961 [Ent. 94: 66-67], 10- X-1958, 1 male [ BMNH] ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).

LARIDAE

Larus dominicanus [ dominicanus Lichtenstein, 1823 ]

COLLEMBOLA

Cryptopygus tricuspis Enderlein, 1909

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Kelpbugten, 15-I-1961, Jones 45A, 1 ex., old-gull's nest sample; Stromness Pen.: Husvik Valley, 21-XII-1963, Clagg 45A, 2 exx., dominican gull nest sample ( Wise 1970).

= Parafolsomia quadrioculata Wise, 1970 View in CoL : fide Convey et al. 1999.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Stromness Pen.: Husvik Valley , 21-XII-1963, Clagg 45A, 1 ex. Holotype [BISHOP 8852], 2 exx. Paratypes, dominican gull nest, sample; Kelpbugten, 15-I-1961, Jones 45A, 2 exx., old gull's nest sample ( Wise 1970) .

Sminthurinus jonesi Wise, 1970 View in CoL

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Stromness Pen.: Husvik Valley, 21-XII-1963, Clagg 45A, 4 exx., dominican gull nest sample ( Wise 1970).

Katiannidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Husvik Valley , 21-XII-1963, Clagg 45A, Paratypes, dominican gull nest sample ( Wise 1970) .

Neanuridae [sensu Massoud, 1967]

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Stromness Pen.: Husvik Valley , 21-XII-1963, Clagg 45A, 1 ex., dominican gull nest sample ( Wise 1970) .

Onychiuridae

Notiopsylla kerguelensis ( Taschenberg, 1880) View in CoL

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Stromness Pen.: Husvik Valley , 21-XII-1963, Clagg 45A, 1 ex., dominican gull nest sample ( Wise 1970) .

SIPHONAPTERA : Pygiopsyllidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: on birds and in their nests ( Jordan 1942b); South Georgia: R.C. Murphy leg., 1 female, from black-backed gull ( Smit 1970, following Jordan & Rothschild 1914: 223, Schaeffer 1914: 90).

PASSERIDAE

Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929)

FALKLAND ISLANDS: East Falkland: [Port] Stanley ( Holland 1985, following Smit 1961 [Ent. 94: 66-67], “VII– VIII-1959,” R.W. Woods leg., 1 male [ BMNH], ex House Sparrow ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).

PICIDAE

Campephilus magellanicus (King 1828)

Ceratophyllus (Ceratophyllus) altus Tipton & Mendez, 1966 View in CoL

CHILE: Cautín: Pucón, 39º 07’ 40’’ S, 71º 42’ 01’’ W, Huerquehue National Park , 22-I-1997, Juan Fuentes leg., 3 males, 6 females + 1 larva Ceratophyllus sp. [U.G. Patrimonio Silvestre Ministerio de Agricultura], ex nest in a tree hole 8.2 m high in Nothofagus pumilio ( Hastriter 2001) GoogleMaps .

Colaptes pitius cachinnans Wetmore & Peters, 1922

= Colaptes pitius (Molina 1782) : Hastriter 2001.

Ceratophyllus (Ceratophyllus) altus Tipton & Mendez, 1966 View in CoL

ARGENTINA: Río Negro: El Bolsón , 41º 59’ S, 71º 35’ W, 22-IX-1961, G. Topál & Szabó leg., 1 female [ BNHM], Ceratophyllus sp. ( Hastriter 2001) GoogleMaps .

PROCELLARIIDAE

Halobaena caerulea (Gmelin, 1789)

Parapsyllus magellanicus magellanicus Jordan, 1938 View in CoL

GEORGIA ISLANDS: South Georgia : Bird Island, 23-I-1979, I. Hunter leg., 1 male, 2 females [ BMNH] (Smith 1987) .

Macronectes giganteus (Gmelin, 1789)

COLLEMBOLA

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Cryptopygus caecus Wahlgren, 1906

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Cryptopygus tricuspis Enderlein, 1909

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Folsomotoma punctata Wahlgren, 1906

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Pseudosorensia atlantica ( Wise, 1970)

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

Isotoma sp. nov.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Neanuridae

Friesea sp. nov.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Tullbergiidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Royal Bay: Koppen Pt., 4-III-1964, H. B. Clagg 215A, 1 ex., giant petrel nest ( Wise 1970); Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 2 larvae, from nest ( Watt 1970), 3 larvae from nest ( Gressitt 1970); ( Flores 1998).

Note: Flores (1998) says that larvae and adults were found in the nests of all birds mentioned by Watt (1970), but only larvae were found in the nest of this bird ( Watt 1970).

Pachyptilia belcheri [falklandica (Mathews, 1839)]

Parapsyllus magellanicus magellanicus Jordan, 1938 View in CoL

FALKLAND ISLANDS: [East Falkland]: New Island , 21-X-1958, R.W. Woods leg., 1 female [ BMNH] (Smith 1987); ( Smit 1970) .

Pachyptilia desolata (Gmelin, 1789)

= Prion banksi: Jordan 1942b.

Notiopsylla kerguelensis ( Taschenberg, 1880) View in CoL

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 9 larvae from nest ( Watt 1970; Gressitt 1970).

Note: record omitted by Flores (1998).

SIPHONAPTERA : Pygiopsyllidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: on birds and in their nests ( Jordan 1942b); R.C. Murphy leg., 1 female, from soil of burrow of dove prion (or whale-bird) [Jordan & Rothschild 1914: 223, Schaeffer 1914: 90, Murphy 1936: 628] ( Smit 1970); Bird Island (just off the main island, to the NW), 11-1-1959, 5 males, 3 females, W. L. N. Ticknell leg., from dove prion ( Smit 1970).

Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus, 1758

COLLEMBOLA

Cryptopygus caecus Wahlgren, 1906

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Grytviken Pen.: King Edward Pt., 12/ 14-XII-1963, Clagg 42A, 1 ex., shoemaker nest sample, Clagg 44A, 2 exx., shoemaker nest sample ( Wise 1970); Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Grytviken Pen.: King Edward Pt., 12/ 14-XII-1963, Clagg 44A, 1 ex., shoemaker nest sample ( Wise 1970); Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

Cryptopygus tricuspis Enderlein, 1909

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Folsomotoma octooculata (Willem, 1901)

= Parisotoma octooculata (Willem, 1901) : Wise 1970.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Grytviken Pen.: King Edward Pt., 12/ 14-XII-1963, Clagg 44A, 3 exx., shoemaker nest sample ( Wise 1970).

Folsomotoma punctata Wahlgren, 1906

= Sorensia subflava [non Salmon, 1949]: Wise 1970, fide Convey et al. 1999.

Isotoma sp. nov.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999). Pseudosorensia atlantica ( Wise, 1970)

= Sorensia atlantica Wise, 1970 [descr.; distr.]

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Grytviken Pen.: King Edward Pt., 12/ 14-XII-1963, Clagg 42A, 1 Paratype, shoemaker nest sample ( Wise 1970); Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

Sminthurinus jonesi Wise, 1970 View in CoL

Katiannidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Grytviken Pen.: King Edward Pt., 12714- XII-1963, Clagg 42A, 2 exx. Paratypes, shoemaker nest sample ( Wise 1970) .

Neanuridae [sensu Massoud, 1967]

Friesea sp. nov.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Grytviken Pen.: King Edward Pt., 12/ 14-XII-1963, Clagg 42A, 1 ex., shoemaker nest sample, Clagg 44A, 2 exx., shoemaker nest sample ( Wise 1970): Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

Tullbergiidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: King Edward Pt., 12/ 14-XII-1963, Clagg 42A, 1 ex., shoemaker nest sample, Clagg 44A, 1 ex., shoemaker nest sample ( Wise 1970); Tønsberg Peninsula, 1995-1996, in nests ( Convey et al. 1999).

Notiopsylla kerguelensis ( Taschenberg, 1880) View in CoL

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 10 larvae, from nest ( Watt 1970; Gressitt 1970); ( Flores 1998).

Note: Flores (1998) says that larvae and adults were found in the nests of all birds mentioned by Watt (1970), but only larvae were found in the nest of this bird ( Watt 1970).

SIPHONAPTERA : Pygiopsyllidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: King Edward Point , Grytviken Peninsula, 12/ 14-XI-1963, 1 male, H.B. Clagg leg., from nest of white-chinned petrel ( Smit 1970) .

DIPTERA : Heleomyzidae

Paractora trichosterna (Thomson, 1868)

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], from nest material of Shoemaker [berlese funnel] ( Harrison 1970).

Procellaria aequinoctialis Linnaeus, 1758

+ Spheniscus magellanicus (I.R. Foster, 1781)

* Listronius robertsianus ( Jordan, 1938) View in CoL

FALKLAND ISLANDS ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946; Capri & Capri 1959; Autino & Lareschi 1998): Kidney Island, 3-XII-1936, B. Roberts leg., 1 female, in separate burrows branching from the same entrance ( Jordan 1938 1942b), Holotype [ BMHN] ( Johnson 1957, Smit 1987).

Note: For Jordan (1938), “the true host of this new species … is probably the Procellaria .,” but both birds were mentioned as hosts by Costa Lima & Hathaway (1946), Capri & Capri (1959), and Autino & Lareschi (1998).

PSITTACIDAE

Enicognathus leptorrhynchus (King, 1831)

= “parrot”: Law 1903: 88, 91.

= “ Psittacus sp. ”: Baker 1904, Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946.

SIPHONAPTERA : Tungidae

Hectopsylla psitacii Fraunfeld, 1860

= “ Rhynchopsylla pulex ” [partim, nec Haller, 1880]: Law 1903: 88, 91 [host]

[ CHILE]: ( Law 1903, Baker (1904); ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946); [Metropolitan Region]: “St Jago,” from “Tschoroi,” collected by the Novara Expedition ( Hopkins & Rothschild 1953); “St. Jogo” [Santiago], 2 females Syntypes [ BMNH], ex Cyanolyseus patagonus or Enicognathus leptorhynchus ( Hastriter & Méndez 2000) ; 1 female Lectotype [ BMNH] by present designation, labelled “ Hectopsylla psittaci Frfld. Wien Acad. 1860, XL, pg. 464. Type, Novara Reise. 657, Chile, am Tschoroi,” “N.C. Rothschild determinavit Hectopsylla psittaci 45,” “ Hectopsylla psittaci Frfld. Tp. det. Rotsch,” “auf Psittacus , Chile” “ Henicognathus leptorrhynchus King. ” [backside of the label:], “ Lectotypus f Hectopsylla psittaci Frauenfeld, 1860 , des. C. Kutzscher 2001” [label immediately in the tube containing the lectotype:]; 1 female (with damaged head) Paralectotype [ NHMW], and 2 females (fragments) Paralectotypes [ NHMW], segregated from lectotype in a separate tube with the following labels “ Hectopsylla psittaci Frfld. Wien Acad. 1860, XL, pg. 464. Type, Novara Reise. 657, Chile, am Tschoroi,” “N.C. Rothschild determinavit Hectopsylla psittaci 45,” “ Hectopsylla psittaci Frfld. Tp. det. Rotsch,” “auf Psittacus , Chile” “ Henicognathus leptorrhynchus Kunz. ” [backside of the label:]; 2 females [ BMNH], each mounted on a slide and labelled “ psitacii f vs. Fr., 1860, St. Jago, Chile,” “ syntype ” [red edged], “Tschoroi ( Cyanoliseus patagonus or Enicognathus leptorhynchus ) G. von Frauenfeld don. Vienna Mus., C. Rothschild Coll. Brit. Mus. 1923–615” ( Blank et al. 2007).

Note 1: The type series was collected from the host “Tschoroi.” Hopkins & Rothschild (1953) supposed this name to denote either Cyanoliseus patagonus or Enicognathus leptorhynchus . Following Johnson & Goodall (1967), and De la Peña & Rumboll (1998), “Tschoroi” or “Choroy” is the popular Chilean name for Enicognathus leptorhynchus ( Blank et al. 2007) .

Note 2: The Psittacus mentioned by Costa Lima & Hathaway (1946) corresponds to the mention of Baker (1904), who states that “this remarkable insect was first described from Ceylon [sic!] as occurring on a parrot ( Psittacus sp. ).”

RHINOCRYPTIDAE

Pteroptochos tarnii (King, 1831)

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) huinayensis Beaucournu, Ardiles & Gonzalez-Acuña, 2009 View in CoL

CHILE: Hualaihue , Huinay, 42° 22’ S, 72° 24’ W, 7-XII-2008, K. Ardiles leg., 1 male Holotype [ MHNP], on P. tarnii ( Beaucournu et al. 2009) GoogleMaps

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) tapaculensis Beaucournu, Ardiles & Gonzalez-Acuña, 2009 View in CoL

CHILE: Hualaihue, Huinay, 42° 22’ S, 72° 24’ W, 7-XII-2008, K. Ardiles leg., 1 male Holotype [ MHNP], on the same individual of P. tarnii , together with the Holotype of D. huynayensis ( Beaucournu et al. 2009) .

Scelorchilus rubecula [ rubecula (Kittlitz, 1830) ]

= Pteroptochus rubecula: Jordan 1936: 309 [distr.; host]; Johnson 1957: 117 [distr.; host]

SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae View in CoL

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) cteniopus ( Jordan & Rothschild, 1920) View in CoL

CHILE ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946): ( Macchiavello 1948, following Jordan & Rothschild 1920); Arauco: Isla Mocha, 1-XII-1932, J.C.C. Platts leg., 1 female, 7 males [ BMNH], from nest ( Jordan 1936, Hastriter & Schlatter 2006), ex nest ( Johnson 1957, following Jordan 1936).

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) huinayensis Beaucournu, Ardiles & Gonzalez-Acuña, 2009 View in CoL

CHILE: Hualaihue , Huinay, 42° 22’ S, 72° 24’ W, 4-XII-2008, K. Ardiles leg., 1 male Paratype [ PFCV], on S. rubecula ( Beaucournu et al. 2009) GoogleMaps .

Scytalopus magellanicus [ magellanicus (Gmelin, 1789) ]

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) cteniopus ( Jordan & Rothschild, 1920) View in CoL

CHILE ( Pinto 1930, following Jordan & Rothschild 1920); ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946): Temuco ( Macchiavello 1948, following Jordan & Rothschild 1920); Cautín: Temuco, VIII-1910, S. Bullock leg., 1 male ( Jordan & Rothschild 1920), Holotype [ BMNH], ex Magellanic Tapaculo ( Johnson 1957, Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).

SPHENISCIDAE

Eudyptes chrysocome (I.R. Forster, 1781)

= Eudyptes cristatus: Jordan 1938: 135 [distr.; host]; Smit 1987.

= Eudyptes crestatus View in CoL [ crestatus View in CoL , non J.F. Miller, 1784]: Autino & Lareschi 1998.

=? Eudyptula: Beaucournu & Castro 2003: 470 [cat.; distr.; hosts]

Listronius robertsianus ( Jordan, 1938) View in CoL

FALKLAND ISLANDS: [East Falkland]: Kidney Island , 2-I-1959, R.W. Woods leg., 1 female, found on collector after contact with the bird ( Smit 1987) .

= Parapsyllus longicornis alginus Jordan, 1942b: 18 View in CoL [distr.; hosts]; Smith 1987: 156 [syn.; distr.; hosts; refs.]

= Parapsyllus longicornis: Jordan 1938 View in CoL [distr.; hosts]; Autino & Lareschi 1998 [cat.; distr.; host]; Beaucournu & Castro 2003: 470 [cat.; distr.; hosts]

FALKLAND ISLANDS ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946; Capri & Capri 1959; Autino & Lareschi 1998; Beaucournu & Castro 2003): East Falkland: Kidney Island, XI-1934, A.G. Bennett leg., XI/ XII-1936, B. Roberts leg., occasionally on the bodies ( Jordan 1938); Kidney Is., Berkeley Sound and Sparrow Cove, A.C. Bennet & B. Roberts leg., a total of 14 males, 11 females, in the burrows of Eudyptes chrysocome , Spheniscus magellanicus and Pygoscelis papua ( Jordan 1942b) ; Kidney Island, 13-XI-1934, A.G. Bennett leg., 4 males Paralectotypes [ BMNH], 57 females Paralectotypes [ BMNH] ( Smit 1987); Kidney Island, 30-XI-1936, B. Roberts leg., 4 males Paralectotypes [ BMNH], 1 female Paralectotype [ BMNH] ( Smit 1987); 1986-87 breeding season, 9 % infested of 67 examined Rockhoppers penguins ( Hawkey et al. 1989), 1987, found on only 2 (6.2 %) of 67 examined birds ( Keymer et al. 2001).

Note: P. longicornis is cited on Eudyptes chrysocome , sub Chile, by Pinto (1930), evidently another error.

? Parapsyllus sp.

FALKLAND ISLANDS: 1986, in one (6.6%) from 15 rockhoppers died in 1986 ( Keymer et al. 2001).

Pygoscelis papua [ellsworthi Murphy, 1947]

COLLEMBOLA

Cryptopygus caecus Wahlgren, 1906

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Cumberland West Bay, 17/ 21-XI-1963, Clagg 41A, 3 exx., gentoo penguin nest sample ( Wise 1970).

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Cumberland West Bay , 17-21.XI.1963, Clagg 41A, 1 ex., gentoo penguin nest sample ( Wise 1970) .

Pseudosorensia atlantica ( Wise, 1970) View in CoL

= Sorensia atlantica Wise, 1970 : fide Convey et al. 1999.

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Cumberland West Bay , 17/ 21-XI-1963, Clagg 41A, 1 ex. Paratype, gentoo penguin nest sample ( Wise 1970) .

COLEOPTERA

Perimylopidae

Leptusa atriceps (Waterhouse, 1875)

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], 13 adults 5 larvae, from Gentoo Penguin rookery ( Watt 1970; Gressitt 1970); ( Flores 1998).

Note: Flores (1998) says that larvae and adults were found in the nests of all birds mentioned by Watt (1970) but in this case no nest was mentioned ( Watt 1970).

Staphylinidae

= Halmaeusa atriceps (Waterhouse, 1875) View in CoL : Steel 1970: 241-242 [distr.]

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], collected from penguin rookeries ( Steel 1970). SIPHONAPTERA : Rhopalopsyllidae View in CoL

Prosopantrum austrinum Enderlein, 1912

= Parapsyllus longicornis alginus Jordan, 1942b: 18 View in CoL [distr.; hosts]; Smit 1987 [syn.; distr.; hosts]

FALKLAND ISLANDS: Kidney Is., Berkeley Sound and Sparrow Cove, A.C. Bennet & B. Roberts leg., 14 males, 11 females, in the burrows of Pygoscelis papua , Spheniscus magellanicus and Eudyptes chrysocome ( Jordan 1942b) .

DIPTERA

Heleomyzidae

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], from nest material ( Harrison 1970).

Sphaeroceridae

Antrops truncipennis Enderlein, 1909

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], under rocks in Gentoo Penguin rookery ( Harrison 1970). Archiborborus koenigi Duda, 1932

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: [locality not discriminated], under rocks in Gentoo Penguin rookery ( Harrison 1970). Trichoceridae

Trichocera regelationis (Linnaeus, 1758)

GEORGIAS ISLANDS: South Georgia: Royal Bay , Moltke Harbor, Lower Valley, 3-IV-1964, 15 males, from Gentoo penguin rookery ( Dahl 1970) .

Pygoscelis papua [ papua (I.R. Foster, 1781) ]

Spheniscus humboldti Meyen, 1834

= Parapsyllus longicornis alginus Jordan, 1942 : Smith 1987: 156 [syn.; distr.; hosts; refs.]

= Parapsyllus longicornis: Jordan 1938 View in CoL [distr.; hosts]; Autino & Lareschi 1998 [cat.; distr.; host]

FALKLAND ISLANDS ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946; Capri & Capri 1959; Autino & Lareschi 1998): [East Falkland]: Sparrow Cove, X-1933 ( Jordan 1938), 25-X-1933, A.G. Bennett leg., 1 male Paralectotype [ BMNH], 2 females Paralectotypes [ BMNH] ( Smit 1987).

= Eudyptes humboldti: Jordan 1942b , Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946.

SIPHONAPTERA : Rhopalopsyllidae View in CoL

Parapsyllus humboldti Jordan, 1942

= Parapsyllus longicornis humboldti Jordan, 1942a View in CoL : Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946: 147 [distr.; host; ref.]

= Parapsyllus australiacus Jordan 1938 View in CoL , partim: Jordan 1942b: 18-19 [distr. ( Chile); host]

Macchiavello 1948: 431 [distr.; host; ref.]; Johnson 1957: 149 [distr.; hosts; refs.]; Smit 1987: 153 [syst.]

CHILE: Province of Aconcagua, Zapallar, 3 males, 15 females type series [ BMNH] ( Jordan 1938); Zapallar, north of Valparaíso, 3 males, 15 females, in nest ( Jordan 1942b); Zapallar, 15-XI-1931, F.C. Platts leg., 1 male Lectotype [ BMNH], in nest ( Smit 1987: 151), 1 female lectallotype, 1 male Paralectotype, 14 females Paralectotypes ( Smit 1987: 153).

Spheniscus magellanicus (I.R. Foster, 1781)

Listronius robertsianus ( Jordan, 1938) View in CoL

FALKLAND ISLANDS: West Point Island , 29-XI-1967, J.W.H. Conroy leg., 1 male, in the nest ( Smit 1987). Parapsyllus longicornis (Enderlein, 1901)

= Parapsyllus longicornis: Jordan 1938 View in CoL [distr.; hosts]

= Parapsyllus longicornis alginus Jordan, 1942b: 18 View in CoL [distr.; hosts]; Smit 1987 [syn.; distr.; hosts]

ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz: Punta Dungeness, 20-IV-1981, B. Babus leg., 5 males, 4 females [ BMNH] ( Smit 1987) .

FALKLAND ISLANDS: East Falkland: Kidney Island, XI/ XII-1936, B. Roberts leg., very common in the burrows but rarely found on the birds themselves ( Jordan 1938); Kidney Is., Berkeley Sound and Sparrow Cove, A.C. Bennet & B. Roberts leg., a total of 14 males, 11 females, in the burrows of S. magellanicus , Eudyptes chrysocome and Pygoscelis papua ( Jordan 1942b) ; Kidney Island, 3-. XII-1936, B. Roberts leg., 1 male Lectotype [ BMNH], 1 female Lectallotype [ BMNH], 1 male Paralectotype [ BMNH] ( Smit 1987).

Parapsyllus magellanicus magellanicus Jordan, 1938 View in CoL

= Parapsyllus huincae Del Ponte & Riesel 1939: 545 View in CoL [distr.; hosts]

= “ Parapsyllus huincae Del Ponte & Riesel, 1939 View in CoL (n.n.)”: Capri & Capri 1959 [= nomen nudum]

= Ectinorus huincae ( Del Ponte & Riesel, 1939) : Autino & Lareschi 1998: 289 [cat.; host]

=? Parapsyllus huincae Del Ponte & Riesel, 1939 View in CoL : Smith 1987: 161 [= nomen nudum; syn.; distr.; host; ref.]

ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz: Punta Medanosa (south of Puerto Deseado), “en un paradero de pinguinos” ( Del Ponte & Riesel 1939).

FALKLAND ISLANDS: [East Falkland], Kidney Island, 28-XI-1936, B. Roberts leg., 1 male, 1 female, very common in the burrows but rarely found on the birds themselves ( Jordan 1938), 1 male, 1 female type series [ BMNH] ( Johnson 1957), 1 male Lectotype [ BMNH], 1 female Lectallotype [ BMNH] (Smith 1987); ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946; Capri & Capri 1959; Smit 1970; Autino & Lareschi 1998).

Note 1: Del Ponte & Riesel (1939 Physis, 17: 545) wrote after the name huincae , “A publicarse proximamente en la Rev. del Inst. Bact., D. N. H.).” Costa Lima & Hathaway (1946) and Autino & Lareschi (1998) give the authority of the name to Del Ponte & Riesel (1939. Physis, 17: 545). Capri & Capri (1959) give the name as “ Parapsyllus huincae Del Ponte & Riesel, 1939 (n.n.),” giving to understand that this name is a nomen nudum and that, until this time (1959), it was not published (nor the species described).

All other species mentioned by Del Ponte & Riesel (1939) as “ Parapsyllus ” with hosts in Rodentia , were transferred to the genera Delostychus Jordan, 1942, Dysmicus Jordan, 1942 , Ectinorus Jordan, 1942 , and Listronius Jordan, 1942 , except Parapsyllus huincae [see Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946] (justly because it was never described?). The nomenclatural status of all names was followed by Capri & Capri (1959), but Autino & Lareschi (1998) erroneously place fortis Jordan & Rothschild, 1923 , ulus Jordan & Rothschild, 1923 [type-species of Listronius !], and talis Jordan & Rothschild, 1923 [type-species of Delostichus !] in the genus Parapsyllus . Each of two other species, Parapsyllus levipes Jordan & Rothschild, 1923 and Parapsyllus onychius Jordan & Rothschild, 1923 [both currently situated in Ectinorus ], were included twice by Autino & Lareschi (1998), one in Ectinorus and the other in Parapsyllus . All species of Ectinorus [except Ectinorus onychius , with a record on one continental bird, which may be an accidental host], Delostichus and Listronius (except Listronius robertsianus ) are ectoparasites of rodents. Parapsyllus [sensu stricto] seems to be specialized on sea birds ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946, Capri & Capri 1959, Withing et al. 2008). In view of this, it is highly probable that huincae will be a true Parapsyllus because it was found in a “paradero de pinguinos,” and not an Ectinorus as was stated by Autino & Lareschi (1998). With doubt, Smith (1987) situates P. huincae as a synonym of Parapsyllus magellanicus magellanicus , probably because the species was never described, and/or the “type-specimens” were not examined. The current location of the specimens of P. huincae is unknown.

Note 2: The fact that Parapsyllus huincae was biting humans can be considered totally accidental, and not because humans were a host, as was listed by Del Ponte & Riesel (1939), Costa Lima & Hathaway (1946), and Autino & Lareschi (1998).

? Parapsyllus sp.

FALKLAND ISLANDS: 1987, one (8.3%) infested from 12 examined birds ( Keymer et al. 2001).

TROGLODYTIDAE

Troglodytes aedon Vieillot, 1809

Dasypsyllus (Neormipsyllus) aedon Beaucornu, Vergara, Balboa & Gonzalez Acuña, 2006

CHILE: Manquehue , 33º 22’ S, 70º 30’ W [10 km N from Santiago], XI-2004, P. Vergara leg., 1 male Holotype, 1 GoogleMaps

female Allotype, 1 male, 3 females Paratypes in a nest (Beaucornu et al. 2006); Chile ( Aramburú et al. 2009b, following Beaucornu et al. 2006).

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) cteniopus ( Jordan & Rothschild, 1920) View in CoL

CHILE: Región Metropolitana: Santiago, second year, in 64% of 14 nests in nest boxes ( Vergara et al. 2005).

TURDIDAE

Turdus falklandii falklandii Quoy & Gaimardi, 1824

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929)

FALKLAND ISLANDS: East Falkland: [Port] Stanley ( Holland 1985, following Smit 1961 [Ent. 94: 66-67]), 19- XI-1957, 1 female [ BMNH], ex Austral Thrush, 27- XII-1957, 1 male [ BMNH], ex Austral Thrush; Kidney Island, 22-XI-1961, R.W. Wods leg., 2 females [ BMNH] ( Smit 1987), referred as 2 males [ BMNH] ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).

Turdus falklandii magallanicus King, 1831

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) stejnegeri (Jordan, 1929)

= Dasypsyllus monicae Capri, 1953

ARGENTINA: Santa Cruz: Lago Argentino, Estancia La Jerónima, from nest ( Capri & Capri 1959); Santa Cruz, from nest ( Autino & Lareschi 1998).

TYRANNIDAE

Xolmis pyrope (Kittlitz, 1830)

= Taenioptera pyrope: Pinto 1930: 379 [distr.; host; ref.]

SIPHONAPTERA : Ceratophyllidae View in CoL

Dasypsyllus (Neornipsyllus) araucanus ( Jordan & Rothschild, 1920) View in CoL

CHILE ( Pinto 1930, following Jordan & Rothschild 1920); ( Costa Lima & Hathaway 1946); Temuco ( Macchiavello 1948, following Jordan & Rothschild 1920); Cautín: Temuco, IX-1910, S. Bullock leg., 4 females ( Jordan & Rothschild, 1920), same data except VIII-1910 ( Johnson 1957), 1 female Holotype [ BMNH], same data except 31-X-1910, 3 females Paratypes [ BMNH], ex Fire-eyed Diucon ( Hastriter & Schlatter 2006).

UNDETERMINED FAMILY

Undetermined sp.