Macrothele wuliangensis Wu & Yang, 2022

Wu, Yaying, Li, Zhimin, Yang, Yan & Yang, Zizhong, 2022, Two new species of the genus Macrothele Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae, Macrothelidae) from China, Biodiversity Data Journal 10, pp. 90967-90967 : 90967

Macrothele wuliangensis Wu & Yang sp. n.

Materials

Type status: Holotype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zizhong Yang; individualCount: 1; sex: male; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: C1EDAD90-9A3D-5884-A92F-7FE5C002F5FF; Taxon : scientificName: Macrothele wuliangensis; order: Araneae ; family: Macrothelidae ; genus: Macrothele ; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Jingdong county ; municipality: Puer ; verbatimLatitude: 24°31ʹ38ʺN; verbatimLongitude: 100°47ʹ47ʺE; Event : year: 2019; month: 5; day: 28; Record Level : institutionCode: DUIER-MWl 11 Type status: Paratype. Occurrence: recordedBy: Dasong Yang, Yani Tang , Ying Wang and Lei Tao ; individualCount: 18; sex: 2 males, 16 females; lifeStage: 10 adults, 8 females juveniles; occurrenceID: 751DC632-5A7E-5A49-87A8-7BF2EF11204E; Taxon : scientificName: Macrothele wuliangensis; order: Araneae ; family: Macrothelidae ; genus: Macrothele ; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Jingdong county ; municipality: Puer ; verbatimLatitude: 24°31ʹ38ʺN; verbatimLongitude: 100°47ʹ47ʺE; Event : year: 2019; month: 5; day: 28; Record Level : institutionCode: DUIER-MWl21-MWl 218 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zizhong Yang and Ping Feng ; individualCount: 4; sex: 1male, 3 females; lifeStage: adult; occurrenceID: 7AFC9F9E-108B-5934-A860-66DB903D504F; Taxon : scientificName: Macrothele wuliangensis; order: Araneae ; family: Macrothelidae ; genus: Macrothele ; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Zhenyuan county ; municipality: Puer ; locality: Bollie River ; verbatimLatitude: 23°52.536′N; verbatimLongitude: 101°08.416′E; Event: year: 2010; month: 7; day: 22; Record Level: institutionCode: DUIER-MWl219-MWl 222 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zizhong Yang and Chenghong Li ; individualCount: 4; sex: 4 females; lifeStage: 3 juveniles; occurrenceID: 2CC9FE88-81E8-5AF1-A744-DEBCB84A7DA8; Taxon : scientificName: Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n.; order: Araneae ; family: Macrothelidae ; genus: Macrothele ; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Zhenyuan county ; municipality: Puer ; locality: Gucheng Town ; verbatimLatitude: 23 º29’ 52.5″N; verbatimLongitude: 101 º10’ 33.8″E; Event: year: 2017; month: 3; day: 7; Record Level: institutionCode: DUIER-MWl223-MWl 226 Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: Zizhong Yang and Wanping Li and Shengshuai Liu ; individualCount: 13; sex: 13 females; lifeStage: 8 adults, 5 juveniles; occurrenceID: BF23457D-A6A1-5987-B572-D3BF4C5DF46E; Taxon : scientificName: Macrothele wuliangensis; order: Araneae ; family: Macrothelidae ; genus: Macrothele ; Location : country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Jingdong county ; municipality: Puer ; locality: Jingping Town ; verbatimLatitude: 24 º34’ 52.4″N; verbatimLongitude: 100 º46’ 35.9″E; Event : year: 2018; month: 9; day: 14; Record Level : institutionCode: DUIER-MWl236-MWl248

Description

Male (holotype, DUIER-MWl11, Fig. 8 ). Total Length 22.52: cephalothorax 11.43 long, 7.49 wide; opisthosoma 8.49 long, 4.97 wide. Carapace dark chestnut, gray hairy. Fovea concave. Both eye rows recurved. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.47, ALE 0.62, PME0.45, PLE 0.50; ALE-AME 0.15, AME-AME 0.31, ALE-PLE 0.22, PLE-PME 0.05, PME-PME 0.95. Eye area 1.15 long, 2.28 wide. Chelicerae dark, with 13 stout promarginal teeth, 15 small retromarginal teeth, 17 tiny teeth with fang furrow (Fig. 8 F). Labium and maxillae chestnut, with dark brown bristles and patch of cuspules on anterior half part (Fig. 8 J); maxillae area length 3.30, cuspules area length 1.48. Sternum chestnut, and with three pairs of sigilla (Fig. 8 K). Palp: tibia yellow, 4.34 long，with one long and two stout prolateral spines, two stout dorsal spines (Fig. 8 G-I), palpal trochanter without lyral spines; embolus terminal end curved, 4.76 long. (Fig. 8 E)

Leg spines. I: femur with 1 dorsal near distad; tibia 2 prolateral, 3 retrolateral, 10 ventral (Fig. 9 A) metatarsus with 16 ventral, 12 ventral on near based (Fig. 9 B), and two comb-like organs near distad, among them, prolateral with 2 spines, retrolateral with 3 spines (Fig. 10 A-B); tarsus 3 prolateral, 4 retrolateral. II: femur with 2 dorsal; patella 2 prolateral; tibia 1 prolateral, 7 ventral (Fig. 9 C); metatarsus with 1 prolateral, 7 ventral (Fig. 9 D), and two comb-like organs near distad, prolateral with 2 spines, retrolateral with 3 spines (Fig. 10 C-D); tarsus 4 prolateral, 4 retrolateral. III: patella 2 prolateral, 1 retrolateral; tibia 3 prolateral, 1 retrolateral, 4 ventral; metatarsus 2 dorsal, 4 prolateral, 2 retrolateral, 7 ventral, and two comb-like organs near distad, among them, prolateral with 3 spines, retrolateral with 2 spines (Fig. 10 E-F); tarsus with 7 prolateral, 5 retrolateral. IV: femur with 1 dorsal near basad; patella 2 prolateral, 1 retrolateral; tibia 2 prolateral, 2 retrolateral, 4 ventral; metatarsus 1 dorsal, 4 prolateral, 3 retrolateral, 7 ventral, and two comb-like organs near distad, among them, prolateral with 3 spines, retrolateral with 5 spines (Fig. 10 G-H); tarsus with 7 prolateral, 7 retrolateral.

Measurements of palp and legs: palp: 12.30 (5.07, 6.22, 1.01); I: 22.44 (6.04, 7.81, 5.82, 2.77); II: 23.40 (6.09, 7.67, 6.29, 3.35); III: 22.77 (5.99, 7.38, 6.06, 3.34); IV: 27.76 (6.99, 8.75, 8.44, 3.58). Leg formula: 4231.

Abdomen black, hairy. Spinnerets: PMS one segment, 1.84 long, 0.45 wide, PMS-PMS 0.86; PLS three segments, PLS 10.35 long (3.29, 3.55, 3.51).

Female (DUIER-MWl21, Fig. 11 ). Total length 26.86: cephalothorax 8.95 long, 6.77 wide; opisthosoma 8.92 long, 5.18 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: AME 0.58, ALE 0.70, PME 0.50, PLE 0.56; AME-AME 0.17, ALE-AME 0.13, ALE- PLE 0.16, PLE-PME 0.03, PME-PME 0.99. Eye area 1.20 long, 2.50 wide. Chelicerae chestnut, with 15 stout promargin teeth, 12 small retromarginal teeth, 10 tiny teeth with fang furrow (Fig. 11 B). Labium and maxillae lightly yellow, with dark brown bristles and patch of cuspules on anterior half part (Fig. 11 C); maxillae area length 3.49, cuspules area length 2.15. Sternum yellow, with three pairs of sigilla (Fig. 11 D); palpal trochanter without lyral spines.

Leg spines. I: patella with 1 prolateral; tibia 2 ventral; metatarsus 6 ventral, and two comb-like organs near distad, ventral with 2 spines, prolateral with 2 spines (Fig. 12 A-B); tarsus 6 prolateral, 5 retrolateral. II: patella 1 prolateral; tibia 1 prolateral, 2 ventral; metatarsus 1 prolateral, 7 ventral, and two comb-like organs near distad, retrolateral with 2 spines, prolateral with 2 spines (Fig. 12 C-D); tarsus 5 prolateral spines, 5 retrolateral. III: patella 2 prolateral, 1 retrolateral; tibia 4 prolateral, 2 retrolateral, 4 ventral distally; metatarsus 3 dorsal, 5 prolateral, 3 retrolateral, 8 ventral, and two comb-like organs near distad, among them, retrolateral with 2 spines, prolateral with 2 spines (Fig. 12 E-F); tarsus 8 prolateral, 7 retrolateral. IV: patella 1 prolateral near distally, 1 retrolateral; tibia 2 prolateral, 2 retrolateral, 2 ventral distal; metatarsus 2 dorsal, 4 prolateral, 5 retrolateral, 8 ventral, and two comb-like organs near distad, among them, retrolateral with 4 spines, prolateral with 2 spines (Fig. 12 G-H); tarsus with 9 prolateral, 8 retrolateral.

Measurements of palp and legs: palp: 13.52 (4.54, 4.91, 4.07); I: 18.86 (5.46, 6.58, 4.19, 2.63); II: 21.53 (6.77, 7.25, 4.86, 2.65); III: 23.00 (6.55, 8.33, 5.13, 2.99); IV: 23.33 (5.78, 8.51, 6.28, 2.76). Leg formula: 4321.

Apically teardrop shaped receptacula bent inwards apically, the ratio of the length of the T to the length of the CD is almost 1: 5 (Fig. 13 ). Spinnerets: PMS one segment, 1.94 long, 0.59 wide, PMS-PMS 1.05; PLS three segments, 12.00 long (3.33, 3.94, 4.73).

Diagnosis

Males of Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n. resemble M. washanensis sp. n. by having similar palpal bulb morphology, but they can be distinguished by having spines in prolateral and dorsal views of palpal tibia and similar palpal bulb morphology, females of the new species are similar to others by the apically teardrop shaped receptacula bent inwards apically. Males of M. wuliangensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from M. washanensis sp. n. having five tibial spines visible in prolateral view, two tibial spines visible in dorsal view (Fig. 8 G-I); tibia I has 10 ventral spines with six arranged in three pairs, tibia II has 7 ventral spines (Fig. 9 ) (vs four tibial spines visible in prolateral view, 0 dorsal spines; tibia I with nine spines visible in ventral view, tibia II has 3 ventral spines in M. washanensis sp. n.). Females of M. wuliangensis sp. n. can be differentiated from M. washanensis sp. n. by the ratio of the length of the T to the length of the CD is almost 1:5 (Fig. 13 ) (the ratio of the length of the T to the length of the CD is almost 1: 6 in M. washanensis sp. n.).

Etymology

The specific name refers to the type locality and is a noun in apposition.

Distribution

China, Yunnan Province (Jingdong, Zhenyuan) (Fig. 15 )

Ecology

These spiders usually live in the gap between high rocks and soil (Fig. 14 A). They use the natural gap to form a web (Fig. 14 B). The web is obvious, funnel shaped, and there are many gaps (Fig. 14 C). The spiders usually stay at the hole and wait for the appearance of prey. Generally, the female is large (Fig. 14 D).

Variation

Male (holotype and two male paratypes, n = 3): total length 22.05-22.63; maxillary cuspules 210-330, labial cuspules 57-79. Female (paratypes, n = 16): total length 19.27-26.86; maxillary cuspules 219-354, labial cuspules 61-84.

Figures

Figure 8. Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n., male holotype. A. Male body, dorsal view; B. Embolus, prolateral view; C. Same, ventral view; D. Same, retrolateral view; E. Same, the end; F. Left chelicerae. ventral view; G. Left palp tibia, prolateral view; H. Same, dorsal view; I. Same, retrolateral view; J. Sternum; K. Maxillae and labium.

Figure 9. Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n., male holotype, left leg. A. Tibia I, ventral view; B. Metatarsus I, ventral view; C. Tibia II, ventral view; D. Metatarsus II, ventral view.

Figure 10. Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n., male holotype. A. Metatarsus I, prolateral comb-like organs; B. Same, retrolateral comb-like organs; C. Metatarsus II, prolateral comb-like organs; D. Same, retrolateral comb-like organs; E. Metatarsus III, prolateral comb-like organs; F. Same, retrolateral comb-like organs; G. Metatarsus IV, prolateral comb-like organs; H. Same, retrolateral comb-like organs.

Figure 11. Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n., female paratype. A. Female, body, dorsal view; B. Left chelicerae, ventral view; C. Maxillae and labium; D. Sternum.

Figure 12. Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n., female paratype. A. Metatarsus I, ventral comb-like organs; B. Same, prolateral comb-like organs; C. Metatarsus II, retrolateral comb-like organs; D. Same, prolateral comb-like organs; E. Metatarsus III, retrolateral comb-like organs; F. Same, prolateral comb-like organs; G. Metatarsus IV, retrolateral comb-like organs; H. Same, prolateral comb-like organs.

Figure 13. M. wuliangensis sp. n. A. Genitalia, paratype, Jingdong county; B. Same, Zhenyuan county Bollie River; C. Same, Jingdong county; D. Jingping Town, juvenile female; E. Same, juvenile genitalia; F. Zhenyuan county Bollie River, juvenile genitalia.

Figure 14. Macrothele wuliangensis sp. n. A Microhabitat; B Spider shelter; C Web; D Living female.

Figure 15. Distribution records of the Macrothele in Yunnan Province. 1. M. bannaensis Xu & Yin, 2001; 2. M. cangshanensis Yang et al., 2018; 3. M. undata Tang, Zhao & Yang, 2020; 4. M. jinlin Yang et al., 2018; 5. M. jingzhao Chen, Jiang & Yang, 2020; 6. M. multispine Wang, Li & Yang, 2019; 7. M. sanheensis Tang, Zhao & Yang, 2020; 8. M. yani Xu, Yin & Griswold, 2002, Shi et al. 2018; 9. M. yongshengensis Yang, Zhao & Yang, 2019; 10. M. menglunensis Li & Zha, 2013; 11. M. yunlingensis Yang, Zhao & Yang, 2019; 12. M. arcuata Tang, Zhao & Yang, 2020; 13. M. yunnanica Zhu & Song, 2000; 14. M. washanensis sp. n.; 15. M. wuliangensis sp. n.