Glyptoscapus pallidulus ( White, 1855 )

Nascimento, Francisco Eriberto de Lima & Santos-Silva, Antonio, 2018, New species and synonymies in Hexoplonini Martins, 2006 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae), with notes and new records on Cerambycinae Latreille, 1802, Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia (Pap. Avulsos Zool., S. Paulo) 58, pp. 1-8 : 2

Glyptoscapus pallidulus ( White, 1855) ( Figs. 8-16 )

Ibidion pallidulum White, 1855: 234 . Gnomidolon (?) pallidulum ; Lacordaire, 1868: 331 Glyptoscapus pallidulus ( White, 1855) ; Monné (2018): 440;

Tavakilian & Chevillotte (2017). Glyptoscapus cicatricosus Aurivillius, 1899: 264 ; Monné

(2018): 440; Tavakilian & Chevillotte (2017). Syn. nov. Glyptoscapus vanettii Martins, 1959: 270 ; Monné

(2018): 440; Tavakilian & Chevillotte (2017). Syn. nov.

Remarks: White (1855) described Ibidion pallidulum Brazil (Pará), but did not mention the cicatrix at the apex of the scape. According to him,“…femora with two spines at the apex, the outer larger…” Evidently, White (1855) was writing about the meso- and metafemora, since the profemora never have spines at the apex. Martins (1967) correctly transferred Gnomidolon pallidulum to Glyptoscapus and reported (translated): “It differs from cicatricosus by the presence of only two longitudinal rows of piliferous punctures on each elytron, by the apical spines of the elytra shorter and by the armature of the femora. The mesofemora in G. pallidulus have an inner tab slightly acute, not projected in developed spine as occurs in cicatricosus , and the outer spine of metafemora is also, comparatively, much shorter”.

Martins (1959) described G. vanettii , differing it from G.cicatricosus by the inner spine of the mesofemora short- er, the legs and antennae of the same color of the body, and the abdomen unicolorous, while in G. cicatricosus the legs are flavous, and the abdominal ventrite I is lighter. Later, Martins (1967) reported the following differences (translated): “ Glyptoscapus vanettii differs from G. cicatricosus by the general color reddish-orange;scape relatively more elongate and less thick; carinae of basal antennomeres (16x) more evident; sexual punctation of prosternum of males (I saw only a specimen of this sex) less abundant; presence of only two rows of erect setae on each elytron; anterior macula of elytra less developed; smaller inclination of the elytral band, and by the apex of mesofemora only acute, not spinose”. Martins (1967) differentiated G. pallidulus from G. vanettii only by the shape of the elytral maculae, and color of antennae, elytra and legs.

According to Martins (2006) (translated): “Although having general color similar to G. cicatricosus , G. pallidulus differs by the shape of mesofemora. The apical tabs are only projected, while in G. cicatricosus the apex of mesofemora has long spine at inner side. Another characteristic that differs these species from each other is the number of longitudinal rows of setae on middle of the elytra; G. pallidulus has only two dorsal rows, while G. cicatricosus has five rows, two lateral and three dorsal”.

Actually, all features pointed out to differentiate G. cicatricosus , G. pallidulus , and G. vanettii (general color, color of the head and pronotum, length, ratio and shape of spines of meso- and metafemora, number of rows of the elytral setae, etc.) are extremely variable ( Figs. 8-16 ). This variability makes it evident that the three are a single, variable species. Even the specimens deposited in the MZSP collection, identified as G. cicatricosus , G. pallidulus , and G. vanettii , do not fully agree with all descriptions and redescriptions of each species, making it difficult to separate these three species.Curiously, one of the paratypes of G. vanettii was later identified as G. pallidulus by Martins (1967). Thus, based on comparison among a reasonable number of specimens belonging to MZSP collection, we are formally synonymizing Glyptoscapus vanettii and G. cicatricosus with G. pallidulus .

Material examined (all from MZSP): COLOMBIA, Magdalena: Cacagualito , 1 male, V.1999 . PERU, San Martín: Tarapoto , 1 female, X-XII.1885, M. de Mathan col. Junín: Satipo, holotype and paratype females of G. vanettii, 1938 . BRAZIL, Amazonas: Manaus (campus universitário), 1 male, 04. VI.1982, J.A. Rafael col. Pará: Santarém, paratype of G. vanettii ; Marituba, 1 male, 10. VI.1961, Bechyné col. Goiás: Jataí ( Faz. Aceiro ), 1 male, X.1962, Exp. Dep. Zool. col. ; 1 female, XII.1997 - I.1998. Bahia: Cachimbo, 1 female, C.H. Pujol col. ; Vila Victoria , 1 male, 2 females,1890, C.H. Pujol ; Vila Victoria to Cachimbo , 1 female, 1890, C.H. Pujol col. ; from Santo Antonio da Barra to Vila Victoria , 2 females, C.H. Pujol col ; Itapetinga, 1 female, XI.1969, F.M. Oliveira col. Espírito Santo: Linhares ( Parque Sooretama ), 1 male, 1 female, XI.1962, F.M. Oliveira col. ; 1 male, X.1963, F.M. Oliveira col ; Corrego Itá, 1 male, XI.1956, W. Zikán col. São Paulo: Iporanga , 1 female, I. XI.1961, Lenko & Reichardt col. ; Itanhaém , 1 female, 28.XII.1978, Fontes & Terra col. ; 1 female, 27.XII.1956, Martins & Amante col. ; SÃo Paulo ( Morumbi ), 1 female, II.1948, Dirings col. ; 1 female, I.1952, Dirings col; (Jabaquara) , 1 male, XI.1941, Dirings col.; (Saúde), 1 female, I.1922; 1 female, 28.XI.1916; Santo Amaro , 1 female, XII.1941, Dirings col. ; 1 female, III.1942, Dirings col. ; Botucatu , 1 female, III.1967, Dirings col. ; SÃo Roque , 1 female, 25.XII.1971, F.Lane col. ARGENTINA, Misiones: Santa Maria ( Dep. Concepción ), 1 female, X.1946, M.J.Viana col.

Figures

Figures 8-16. (8-15) Glyptoscapus pallidulus (a, dorsal habitus; b, anterodorsal view; c, meso- and metafemora): (8) Female; (9) Female; (10) Male; (11) Male; (12)Holotype femaleof G.vanettii;(13)Paratype femaleof G.vanettii;(14)Paratypeof G.vanettii;(15)Male.(16) Holotypeof G.pallidulus(photo byLarryG.Bezark).