Anolis kathydayae, Poe & Ryan, 2017

Poe, Steven & Ryan, Mason J., 2017, Description of two new species similar to Anolis insignis (Squamata: Iguanidae) and resurrection of Anolis (Diaphoranolis) brooksi, Amphibian & Reptile Conservation (e 141) 11 (2), pp. 1-16 : 11-12

Anolis kathydayae , new species

( Figs. 2 , 5 , 6 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:31E4F176-EA11-4172-A0E1-A9DE3AE65287

Holotype

MSB 96614 adult male from Panama, Chiriquí, trail from paved road near Chiriquí / Bocas del Toro province boundary at Fortuna pass; 8.78533, -82.21434, 1,178 m; collected by Steven Poe and Julian Davis on 13 March 2013.

Paratypes

MVUP 2128 , juvenile from Panama, Bocas del Toro, side of Fortuna pass road, just north of Chiriquí / Bocas del Toro boundary; 8.78008, -82.20584, 1,038 m; collected by Steven Poe and Julian Davis on 13 March 2013 . MSB 96612 , same locality as holotype, collected by Steven Poe and Caleb Hickman, December 2003 . MSB 79921 , MSB 96613 , same locality as holotype, collected by Steven Poe, Erik Hulebak, and Heather MacInnes on 28 July 2005 .

Diagnosis

Anolis insignis , A. brooksi , A. savagei , and A. kathydayae are the only Central American Anolis to combine large size (> 120.0 mm SVL), smooth scales on the upper thigh, and short limbs ( Savage and Talbot 1978). Anolis kathydayae is distinguished from these species by male dewlap color pattern (white with light green or dull blue tint in male A. kathydayae ; orange-red in male A. insignis ; pale pink with dark streaks in A. savagei ; peach-tan in A. brooksi ; Figs. 1 , 2 ). It is further distinguished from A. savagei and A. brooksi by female dewlap color pattern (solid white with greenish tint in A. kathydayae ; white or brown with dark streaks in A. brooksi ; pale pink with dark streaks in A. savagei ; unknown in A. insignis ). At least in our samples, A. kathydayae is further distinguished from A. insignis by several scale characters ( Table 1; e.g., fewer postmentals, 4‒5 versus 6‒9 in A. insignis ). Additionally, the two male A. kathydayae we have examined display obscure, weakly enlarged postcloacal scales, whereas all male individuals of the other insignis -like anoles we have examined display large, distinct postcloacal scales.

Etymology

The name is a matronym to honor Kathy Day and the Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science. Kathy has contributed greatly to the professional and personal development of scientists and the advancement of basic science through her position running the Miller Institute. Description of holotype

Snout-vent length 148.0 mm; head length-SVL ratio 0.26, head width-SVL ratio 0.15; ear height-SVL ratio 0.030; femoral length-SVL ratio 0.26; tail length-SVL ratio 2.0. Dorsal head scales mostly smooth, some with weak keels or wrinkling reflecting underlying bone or ossification; frontal depression present, dorsum with weak parallel rows evident anteriorly; rostral overlaps mental anteriorly; 10 scales across snout between second canthals; four scales between supraorbital semicircles; suboculars in contact with supralabials; zero elongate superciliary scales; first scale posterior to canthals is smaller than first canthal; six loreal rows; circumnasal scale separated from rostral by one scale; interparietal length-SVL ratio 0.018; seven supralabials to center of eye; six postmentals; six postrostrals; some enlarged scales present in supraocular disc, decreasing gradually in size, bordered medially by a partial row of small scales; mental partially divided posteriorly, extending posterolaterally approximately even with rostral, with posterior border in concave arc; one-two enlarged keeled sublabials.

Dewlap reaches well posterior to axillae in males and females; dewlap scales in rows of multiple scales in both sexes; no axillary pocket; postcloacal scales slightly enlarged; dorsal scales smooth, pair of middorsal scale rows slightly raised, nine longitudinal rows in 5% of SVL; nuchal crest present with pair of slightly enlarged triangular middorsal scale rows; ventral scales in transverse rows, smooth, 10 scales in 5% of SVL; supradigitals multicarinate; toepads expanded, 27 lamellae under third and fourth phalanges of fourth toe; tail with a double row of middorsal scales; thigh scales smooth to weakly keeled dorsally and ventrally, unicarinate anteriorly, multicarinate at knee.

Color pattern in life

An adult male (MSB 96614) had a tan body with discrete dark green broad bands speckled with light tan. The anterior body to posterior head had a bluish-green wash. Dorsal head scales were greenish-tan, outlined with darker brown. A very faint blotch was present above the shoul- der. The iris was brown and the tongue was dark yellow. The limbs and digits were greenish-tan, with darker green bands. The tail was banded with sharply alternating black and tan bands. The dewlap was white, with a yellowish-green tint. Another adult male (MSB 96613) was patterned similarly but mostly lacked green—the anterior bluish-green wash was absent, and the bands were dark brown to black with no greenish tint. The dewlap of this individual was white, with faint blueish tint. One adult female (MSB 79921) appeared dark greenish with diffuse banding of white, darker green, and brown. The dewlap appeared very pale yellow-green. A juvenile female (SVL 87.0 mm; MSB 96612) appeared nearly completely pale green, with faint white lateral bands and some darker green reticulations on the body and darker green bands on the limbs and digits, and white blotches dorsally on the head. This individual had a pale greenish-yellow dewlap with some dark green reticulations. A near-hatchling (MSB 96615) had a cream dewlap with prominent black streaks.

Distribution and habitat

We found adults of Anolis kathydayae sleeping horizontally on narrow branches along a trail in secondary forest three to five meters above the ground, and juveniles at roadside habitat four to five meters above the ground on twigs. Elevational range of these two sites is 1,038 –1,178 m. Currently known distribution for A. kathydayae is the Fortuna pass area of Panama.

Figures

Fig. 2. Dewlaps of A) Anolis brooksi, male, El Copé, Panama; B) A. brooksi, female, El Copé, Panama; C) A. savagei, male, Las Cruces, Costa Rica; D) A. savagei, female, Las Cruces, Costa Rica; E) A. kathydayae, male, Fortuna, Panama; F) A. kathydayae, female, Fortuna, Panama.

Fig. 5. Dorsal headscales of A) Anolis kathydayae, MSB 96613; B) A. brooksi, MSB 75647 C) A. savagei, MSB 96616; D) A. insignis LACM 149500.

Fig. 6. Adult male individuals of A) Anolis brooksi, El Copé, Panama; B) A. savagei, Las Cruces, Costa Rica; C) A. kathydayae, Fortuna, Panama.

Fig. 1. Anolis insignis, male, Pocosol, Alajuela, Costa Rica.