Phalloceros reisi, Lucinda, 2008

Lucinda, Paulo Henrique Franco, 2008, Systematics and biogeography of the genus Phalloceros Eigenmann, 1907 (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae: Poeciliinae), with the description of twenty-one new species, Neotropical Ichthyology 6 (2), pp. 113-158 : 151-153

Phalloceros reisi , new species

Figs. 50 , 51

Phalloceros sp. n. L Lucinda & Reis (2005).

Holotype. MCP 30407, creek on Iporanga exit to Apiaí, Apiaí, São Paulo, Brazil, 24 º 31’37"S 48 º 49’55"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al .

Paratypes. Brazil. São Paulo. Rio Iporanga drainage. MCP 20571, 10, Iporanga, ribeirão do Monjolo, nearby mouth, in Bairro da Serra, ca. 13 km WNW from Iporanga, 24 º 33’16"S 48º40’45"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al. MCP 20579, 117/4*, collected with the holotype. MCP 20581, 17, Iporanga, dried creek in Bairro da Serra, ca. 13 km WNW from Iporanga. 24 º 33’04"S 48 º 41’08"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al. MCP 20589, 10, Iporanga, rio Betari on bridge at Bairro da Serra, ca. 13 km WNW from Iporanga, 24 º 33’16"S 48 º 40’45"W, 10 Jan 1997, R.E. Reis et al. MCP 27004, 8, Iporanga, rio Betari on bridge at Bairro da Serra, ca. 16 km WNW from Iporanga, 22 Jun 1984, J.C. Garavello et al.

Non-types. Rio juquiá. MZUSP 49328, 2, Juquitiba, creek tributary to rio Juquiá, nearby Hotel Belvedere, on dirty road to Juquitiba. Rio Tietê Headwaters. MCP 20583, 9, Mogi das Cruzes, rio Taiaçupeba close to Substação Elétrica de Tijuco Preto in Taiaçupeba, 23 º 42’21"S 46 º 17’53"W. MCP 20568, 74, Paranapiacaba, creek ca. 2 km NW from Paranapiacaba, on road from Campo Grande to Paranapiacaba, 23 º 46’21"S 46 º 18’52"W. MCP 25525, 11, Salesópolis, rio Paraitinga, at the side of the avenue in Salesópolis, 23 º 31’43"S 45 º 51’32"W. MCP 25527, 30, Salesópolis, rio Paraitinga, 23 º 31’26"S 45 º 48’9"W. MCP 25528, 29, Salesópolis, rio Paraitinga in Cachoeira da Porteira, 23 º 31’37"S 45 º 45’52"W. USNM 309786, 46, headwaters of rio Tietê, Alto da Serra, half-way on road between Campo Grande and Paranapiacaba, E of Alto da Serra a couple of miles. USNM 309788, 233, headwaters of rio Tietê, small stream to N of Paranapiacaba, about 2-3 km from SW. Headwaters of Rio Paraíba do Sul. MZUSP 47192, 14, Mogi das Cruzes, ribeirão Guararema, Luiz Carlos (dirty road Luiz Carlos - Sabaúna, at the side of RFFSA). Small coastal drainages. MCP 31133, 86, Cubatão, stream affluent to rio Quilombo ca. 3.6 km from road SP 55, 23 º 50’33"S 46 º 19’41"W. MCP 31140, 56, Cubatão, stream affluent to rio Quilombo ca. 0.5 km from road SP 55, 23 º 51’23"S 46 º 20’54"W. MCP 31143, 31, Iporanga, rio Betari ca. 2 km from Iporanga, 24 º 36’11"S 48 º 36’39"W. MCP 31188, 10, Cubatão, creek at Quilombo ca. 2.1 km from road SP 55 (affluent to rio Quilombo).

Diagnosis. Phalloceros reisi can be distinguished from its congeners but P. megapolos , P. spiloura , P. malabarbai , P. alessandrae , P. buckupi , P. uai , P. lucenorum , P. pellos , and P. anisophallos by (1) the female urogenital papilla curved to the right, located laterally (vs. slightly left turned and with a lateral ramus or straight located along midventral line) and (2) border of the anal aperture in contact with the first anal-fin ray or very close to it (vs. separated from first anal-fin ray by the female urogenital papilla).

Phalloceros reisi can be distinguished from its congeners but P. spiloura , P. uai , P. lucenorum , P. pellos , and P. anisophallos by (1) the absence of the right hook and presence of the left one (vs. absence or presence of left and right hooks), and (2) gonopodial appendix asymmetrical; its halves different from each other; right half wider than left one (vs. gonopodial appendix symmetrical; its halves similar to each other).

Phalloceros reisi can be distinguished from P. spiloura by the absence of a caudal peduncle spot (vs. presence of caudal peduncle spot); from P. uai by the presence of a wide and square-shaped lateral spot in large specimens (vs. absence of such spot); from P. lucenorum by rectangular tip of hook on left half of gonopodial appendix (vs. rounded tip); from P. anisophallos by the lateral spot in adult females very narrow, forming a vertically elongated bar covering up to the length corresponding to two scales length in horizontal direction and 2-4 scales in vertical direction (vs. absent, small, or elliptical to roundish, but never forming a vertical bar lateral spot in adult females); from P. pellos by (1) the background coloration light brown or yellow (vs. dark brown) and (2) margin of scales on prepelvic region not visible, not bordered by dark chromatophores, forming a light, plain yellow region ( Fig. 50 ) (vs. margin of scales on prepelvic region clearly defined and bordered by dark chromatophores). The lateral spot absent or small and discrete not covering one or two scales in horizontal or vertical directions differs P. reisi from P. lucenorum and P. pellos .

Description. Morphometric data in Tables 9 and 10 . Range of SL: 23.2 to 49.9 mm (females), 17.0 to 27.2 mm (males). Dorsal-fin rays: 7 [1], 8* [98], 9 [4]. Branched pectoral-fin rays: 5 [2], 6 [25], 7* [64]. Pelvic-fin rays: 5* [23] (males), 5 [74] (females). Anal-fin rays of females: 10 [21], 11 [55]. Anal-fin rays of males: 9* [26]. Branched caudal-fin rays: 10 [8], 11 [28], 12* [39], 13 [4]. Predorsal scales: 12 [1], 13 [5], 14* [80]. Longitudinal series of scales: 28 [16], 29* [76], 30 [6]. Series of scales around caudal peduncle: 16* [98]. Transverse series of scales: 6 [1], 7* [96]. Serrae on R4p: 8 [8], 9 [12], 10* [1]. Epipleural ribs: 10 [1], 11 [2], 13 [1]. Pleural ribs: 14 [3], 15 [1]. Vertebrae: 31 [1], 32 [3]. Female urogenital papilla right curved, located laterally. Border of anal aperture in contact with first anal-fin ray or very close to it. Halves of gonopodial paired appendix sickle like. Medial corner absent. Hook on left half of gonopodial paired appendix. Right hook absent ( Fig. 51 ).

Color in alcohol. Eye black with greenish brown pupil. Ground color cream, darker in upper half. Upper region of flanks and head densely covered with brown chromatophores. Border of scales and subjacent skin replete with brown chromatophores, more concentrated at short distance from scale border, conferring reticulate pattern to body sides, mainly on upper half. Brown chromatophores scattered through whole body, more concentrated on dorsal portion, mainly on head, snout, opercle, and ventral surface of mandible. Lateral spot corresponding to one scale in size, or smaller; inconspicuous, or absent in large females. Lateral spot located over 17 th or 18 th scale of longitudinal series, or between them. Faint vertical bars along flanks; sometimes absent. Dorsal-fin membrane bearing band of dark chromatophores on distal border of dorsal fin. Band of dark chromatophores near dorsal-fin base, more concentrated posteriorly. Dark brown line along base of R3. Pectoral-, pelvic-, anal, and caudal-fin rays unpigmented. Few chromatophores on first three anal-fin rays of females.

Etymology. The specific name reisi (n. m. gen. sg.) is a patronym for Roberto E. Reis, in recognition of his many contributions to Neotropical ichthyology.

Distribution. Headwaters of rio Tietê, rio Paraíba do Sul, rio Ribeira de Iguape, and small coastal drainages in São Paulo State of Brazil ( Fig. 7 ).

Remarks. A single lot is known from the rio Juquiá drainage. Maybe this species is not sufficiently sampled in this area.

Figures

Fig. 50. Phalloceros reisi. (A) Holotype, male, 27.3 mm SL, MCP 30407, creek on Iporanga exit to Apiaí, Apiaí, São Paulo, Brazil; (B) paratype, female, MCP 20579, 34.6 mm SL, collected with the holotype.

Fig. 51. Gonopodium tip of Phalloceros reisi, MCP 20579.(a) ventrolateral view; (b) lateral view. R3, R4a, R4p, R5a, R5p indicate gonopodial rays. H = hook. Scale bar 1 mm.

Fig. 7. Collection localities of Phalloceros leticiae (fivepointed star, 1), P. uai (eight-pointed star, 2), P. anisophallos (square, 3), P.reisi (triangle, 4),and P.spiloura (circle, 5). Some symbols represent more than one lot or locality. Numbers represent type localities. The inset is the range of the genus.