Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) indica Motschulsky, 1858

Enuschenko, Ilya V. & Shavrin, Alexey V., 2021, On some species of Gyrophaenina Kraatz 1856 of Sri Lanka and India (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Homalotini), Zootaxa 5032 (3), pp. 331-356 : 338-340

Gyrophaena (Gyrophaena) indica Motschulsky, 1858

( Figs 27–36 )

Gyrophaena indica Motschulsky, 1858: 230 ; Motschulsky 1861: 150

Gyrophaena humeralis Kraatz, 1859: 46

Gyrophaena granulifera Kraatz, 1859: 48 syn. nov.

Gyrophaena cicatricosa Motschulsky, 1858: 231 ; Motschulsky 1861: 150, Schubert 1908: 611 syn. nov.

Gyrophaena (s.str.) cicatricosa: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 529 , Cameron 1939: 89, Pace 1988: 318, 1998: 140 Gyrophaena rigida Motschulsky, 1858: 230 syn. nov.

Gyrophaena (s.str.) rigida: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 534 , Cameron 1933: 219

Gyrophaena (s.str.) nigra: Cameron 1933: 219

Gyrophaena (Phaenogyra) nigra: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 536

Gyrophaena ? trifida Motschulsky, 1859: 84 ; Motschulsky 1861: 150 syn. nov.

Gyrophaena (s.str.) trifida: Bernhauer & Scheerpeltz 1926: 534 , Cameron 1933: 219

Gyrophaena nigrides Newton, 2017: 14 (replacement name for G. nigra Motschulsky, 1859: 85 ; Motschulsky 1861: 150) syn. nov.

Type material examined: Lectotype [here designated] of Gyrophaena indica Motschulsky 1858 , ♀ [dissected]: ‘ Gyrophaena | indica Motch [ulsky] Ind. or.’ < Fig. 36 >, yellow, round label without signs, ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | indica Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <printed>, ‘ LECTOTYPE | Gyrophaena | indica Motschulsky, 1858 | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <red, printed> ( ZMM). Paralectotypes: 2 ♀ # [dissected]: same data as the lectotype ( ZMM).

Syntypes of Gyrophaena cicatricosa Motschulsky 1858: 1 ♂ [dissected]: ‘ Gyrophaena | cicatricosa | Motch. | Ind. or.’ <yellow, handwritten>, yellow, round label without signs, ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten>, ( ZMM); 1 ♂ [dis- sected]: ‘ Gyrophaena | cicatricosa | Motch.[ulsky] | Ind. or.’ <yellow, handwritten>, yellow, round label without signs, ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten> ( ZMM).

Syntypes of Gyrophaena rigida Motschulsky 1858: 2 ♂#, 2 ♀ #: ‘ Gyrophaena | rigida | Motch.[ulsky] | Ind. or.’ <yellow, handwritten>, yellow, round label without signs, ‘Ind. or.’ <handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | indica Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <printed> ( ZMM).

Syntype of Gyrophaena nigra Motschulsky 1859 , 1 ♂ [aedeagus, abdominal tergite VIII and sternite VIII are glued on the same card with the specimen]: red, square label without signs, yellow, round label without signs, ‘ Gyrophaena | nigra | Motch[ulsky] | Ind. or, Ceylan’ <yellow, handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | indica Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <printed> ( ZMM).

Syntype of Gyrophaena trifida Motschulsky 1859 , 1 ♂: red, square label without signs, yellow, round label without signs, ‘ Gyrophaena | trifida | Motch | I. or. Ceyl. Nurai.’ <yellow, handwritten>, ‘ Gyrophaena | indica Motschulsky | Enushchenko I.V. | 2019 det.’ <printed> ( ZMM).

Additional material examined: INDIA: Maharashtra: 1 ♂, 2 ♀ #: Pune, 18°31’0.2136’’ N, 73°51’22.5180’’E. In cultures of oyster mushrooms. 10.2019. H.V. Ghate leg. (cHG) ; SRI LANKA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀: ‘ Ceylan 6529–1.’, ‘6529 furcatus Motsch [ulsky]’ ( ZIN) .

Redescription. Body length 1.30–1.70 mm. Habitus as in Fig. 27 . Body and antennomeres 5–11 dark brown; antennomeres 1–4, mouthparts and legs yellowish. Head 1.3 times as wide as long, with distinct reticulate microsculpture and a few fine (0.01 mm diam.) punctures on vertex. Basal antennomere more than twice as long as wide, antennomere 2 slightly narrower and shorter than basal antennomere, 3 small, about as long as wide, slightly wider than 2, 4 distinctly wider and shorter than 3, subquadrate or slightly elongated; antennomere 5–10 slightly shorter than 4, apical antennomere 1.6 times as long as wide. Pronotum 1.5 times as wide as long, 1.3 times as wide as head, with two median rows of fine (0.01 mm diam.) punctures and with fine lateral punctation, mediobasal third with two moderately large (0.03 mm diam.) punctures, middle portion with very indistinct punctation; microsculpture as that on head. Elytra 1.5 times as wide as long, 1.3 times as wide as pronotum, middle portion with distinct (0.03 mm diam.) tubercles with distance between them about diameter of each tubercle, posterior portions of each elytron with several indistinct and very sparse tubercles (sometimes all elytral tubercles indistinct); microsculpture as that on pronotum. Abdomen sub-parallel.

Male. Apical part of abdominal tergite VII with row of distinct, elongate tubercles. Median lobe narrow, very long, sickle-shaped, moderately strong ( Fig. 28 ) or slightly ( Fig. 29 ) curved in preapical portion, with subacute apex. Apical margin of tergite VIII variable: with three projections: two lateral teeth, each with subacute apex, and median, widely rounded ( Figs. 30–31 ) tooth, or without it ( Fig. 32 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII rounded ( Fig. 33 ).

Female. Apical margin of abdominal tergite VIII somewhat straight ( Fig. 34 ). Apical margin of abdominal sternite VIII truncate ( Fig. 35 ).

Comparative notes. Based on the dark body, arrangement of pronotal punctures, the presence of tubercles on the elytra and general shape of the narrow median lobe, G. indica is somewhat similar to G. ceylonica (see above), from which it can be distinguished by the narrower forebody and antennomeres 5–8, the shape of longer median lobe of the aedeagus and different shape of the apical margin of male abdominal tergite VIII.

Based on the general shapes of the body, median lobe and the apical margin of male abdominal tergite VIII, G. indica is similar to G. thailandica, Pace, 2000 , described from “ Thailand, River Kwae, Ban Sai Yok…” ( Pace 2000), Taiwanese G. taiwacicatricosa Pace 2007 , described from ‘Taitung Hsien, Hsinkangshan…’ ( Pace 2007), and G. fuscicornis Eppelsheim 1887 , distributed in the Russian Far East ( Eppelsheim 1887, Glotov 2014). From G. thailandica and G. taiwacicatricosa it can be distinguished by the significantly shorter median lobe. Additionally, the body of G. indica is smaller than that in G. taiwacicatricosa . From G. fuscicornis it differs by the darker, narrower antennomeres, by details of the arrangement of pronotal punctures and tubercles on the elytra, smaller basal portion of the aedeagus and the apical shape of the wider median lobe.

Distribution. The species is distributed in southern India, Sri-Lanka and Sumatra ( Pace, 1988). It was also recorded from Hong Kong by Pace (1998). It is known as G. cicatricosa from the Philippines and Ogasawara Is. ( Japan) ( Newton 2019, Shibata et al. 2013).

Remarks. Gyrophaena indica was originally described from “Indes orientales” based on an unspecified number of syntypes. One of the studied females in the collection of ZMM was designated as the lectotype in order to fix the identity of the name. Gyrophaena humeralis was originally described from “insula Ceylan ” and later Motschulsky (1861) synonymized it with G. indica . Gyrophaena granulifera was described by Kraatz (1859) from Ceylon. Motschulsky (1861) synonymized it with G. cicatricosa described from the same island. During the study of syntypes of G. cicatricosa , the senior author found that based on external and internal morphological features the latter species is conspecific with G. indica . Thus, both G. cicatricosa and G. granulifera were synonymized with it. Besides that, the study of the type material for three species described by Motschulsky from “Indes orinetales” ( G. rigida , G. nigra and G. trifida ) also revealed that these taxa morphologically are conspecific with G. indica . That was why these necessary synonymies are provided.

Figures

FIGURES 27–36. Gyrophaena indica (lectotype): 27–habitus, 28 (Maharashtra), 29 (lectotype)–aedeagus, lateral view, 30– 32–male abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 33–male abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view, 34–female abdominal tergite VIII, dorsal view, 35–female abdominal sternite VIII, ventral view, 36–original label of the lectotype. Scale bars: 1.0 mm (Fig. 27), 0.10 mm (Figs 28–35).