Pseudosinella josemarii, Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2010

Soto-Adames, Felipe N., 2010, Two new species and descriptive notes for five Pseudosinella species (Hexapoda: Collembola: Entomobryidae) from West Virginian (USA) Caves, Zootaxa 2331, pp. 1-34 : 6-10

Pseudosinella josemarii sp. nov.

Figs 1–20 , Table 3

Material Examined. Holotype: HARDY Co., Dyer’s Cave, 24 May 2006, D. Culver, D. Cowan, H. Hobbs & B. Hutchins, col.; female, slide mounted. Paratypes: BERKELEY Co., Whitings Necks Cave, 29 May 2006, D. Fong, M. Porter & C. Tudge, col., 1 on slide; GRANT Co., Kline Gap Cave, 20 May 2006, D. Culver, D. Fong, col., 1 on slide. Additional material: GREENBRIER Co., Trillium Cave, 28 May 2004, 2 individuals on slides, 5 others in alcohol.

Etymology. This species is dedicated to my mentor, colleague and friend José A. Mari Mutt, for all his important contributions to our understanding of the taxonomy of Entomobryidae .

Description. Length up to 1.4 mm; color in alcohol white, without trace of pigment. Subapical sense organ of Ant. 4 clavate ( Fig. 1 ). Typical Ant. 3 sense organ absent, two subapical thin walled sensilla present ( Fig. 2 ). Dorsal head chaetotaxy ( Fig. 4 ) includes five antennal macrosetae, and macrosetae A0, A2, A3 and Pa5; microsetae A1 and M0 ciliate, all other dorsal microsetae smooth; seta S0 closer to S3 than S2; M1/S1 closer to M2 than S0. Eyes absent. Prelabral setae ciliate, all labral setae smooth. Labral papillae obscured in all specimens examined. Pleural setae ciliate, all pss setae ciliate, pss0 normal, pss1–2 bothriotricha-like ( Fig. 3 ). Ungulum of maxilla with 3 teeth. Lateral process of labial papilla E slightly curved dorsally and not nearly reaching tip of papilla. Basal proximal seta of labial palp with setae Y and Z subequal ( Fig. 5 ). Labial and post-labial chaetotaxy as in Fig. 6 : labial formula M1M2oEL1L2A1–5, socket of r present but without hair; postlabium with 4+4 ciliate setae along ventral groove (column I); columns C, E, and L with 1, 2 and 3 setae respectively; L2 not modified, O1 reduced and smooth; one or two setae modified as O1 found beyond column O (not shown). Body formula for inner macrochaetotaxy as 11/0100+2. Mesothorax macroseta p3 present ( Fig. 7 ). Metathorax ( Fig. 8 ) with macroseta p3. Setae on Abd. 1 arranged into a single row, a6 absent. Chaetotaxy of Abd. 2 as in Fig. 9 ; a2, a6 and all supplementary setae fan-shaped or strongly ciliate; a2p absent; a3 external to as, and nearly reaching tip of as; m3e not reaching socket of m3; socket of m5 modified as a normal macroseta, but seta itself not much larger than seta p5p; p5p as long as m5, but socket not enlarged. Abd. 3 ( Fig. 10 ) with a2, a6, am6 and most supplementary setae fan-shaped, supplementary seta im weakly ciliate; a3 reaching as; as about half the length of m3 and not reaching m3; d2 present; a7, m7, m7a and p7 normal microsetae, a7 inserted very close to am6. Chaetotaxy of Abd. 4 bothriotrichal complex as in Fig. 11 : all supplementary setae anterior to T2, including seta s, fan-shaped; C1p, T3 and D1p weakly denticulate and appearing smooth at low magnification, T3 anterior to D1p, but tip of T3 surpasses base of D1p; D1p almost reaching tip of Pe; Pe and Pi fan-shaped. General chaetotaxy of Abd. 4 ( Fig. 12 ) with macrosetae B5, B6, D3, E2, E3, F1, F3 T6 and T7; D2, E1, and F2 microsetae; B5 a blunt macroseta inserted posterior to a line drawn between A5 and C2; B6 a slender macrosetae; F2 closer to E3 than E2. Microseta posterior to E3 present. Posterior setae on Abd. 4 absent. All femora with two blunt macrosetae near middle section ( Fig. 13 ), but lateral macrosetae often fallen off, not detectable. Trochanteral organ with 11 setae. Tenet hair acuminate ( Fig. 17 ), shorter than unguiculus; unguiculus lanceolate with small, but clear posterior tooth, all other lamellae smooth. Unguis with 3 inner teeth ( Figs 15–17 ): basal pair clearly unequal in size, shortest member of pair often difficult to see in lateral views; unpaired tooth prominent, displaced basally (easily confused as member of basal pair); outer teeth ( Figs 14, 17 ) short, not reaching base of inner teeth. Ventral tube with 7+7 disto-lateral setae; anterior face with variable number of setae, holotype as in Fig. 19 ; posterior face ( Fig. 20 ) with 3+3 setae on medial columns and 3+3 setae along distal margin. All manubrial setae ciliate; manubrial plate with 2 outer and 2 inner setae separated by 2 pseudopores. Apical mucronal tooth longer than subapical tooth ( Fig. 18 ).

Variation. The individual from Whiting’s Neck cave (i.e., the smallest adult) differs from the other adults by having labial setae E smooth and two setae in postlabial column C. The largest individual (from Dyer’s cave) has Abd. 2 seta a3 fan-shaped (smooth in other specimens) and Abd. 4 seta F3 absent. The individuals from Trillium Cave are very small juveniles differing from adults in six unambiguous characters and at first were identified as P. argentea (macroseta p3 on Th. 2 is difficult to see in my preparations). The characters differing in juveniles are the absence of macroseta p3 on Th. 3, postlabial seta O1 conic instead of acuminate, presence of three supplementary setae around lateral bothriotricha on Abd. 2–3, Abd. 4 setae C1p and T3 smooth, and the absence of outer unguicular tooth. Most of these characters are probably related to postembryonic development, but adults from Trillium cave will be needed to confirm the present determination.

Remarks. Among North American Pseudosinella , the new species is most similar to P. sera Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980 , P. certa Christiansen & Bellinger, 1980 and P. argentea . Adults of P. josemarii sp. nov. can be easily distinguished by having one meso- and one metathoracic macroseta, an acuminate tenet hair and distal manubrial plate with two setae external to the pseudopores, whereas P. sera does not have thoracic macrosetae, the tenet hair is clavate and the manubrial plate has 4–5 setae external to the pseudopores. Pseudosinella josemarii sp. nov. differs from P. c e r t a in having one metathoracic macroseta (absent in P. certa ), three inner ungual teeth (two in P. c e r t a) and in the absence of Abd. seta a2p (present in P. c e r t a). The presence of thoracic macrosetae and absence of seta a2p on Abd. 2 will also distinguish the new species from P. argentea . The differences between these four species are summarized in Table 3 .

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 10. Pseudosinella josemarii, sp. nov.: 1, Subapical sensilla of fourth antennal segment; 2, Distribution of sensilla on regenerated third antennal segment; 3, Pleural and peristomal setae; 4, Dorsal head chaetotaxy (dots are microsetae, circles macrosetae); 5, Proximal setae of labial palp, X is innermost seta; 6, Labium and postlabium, circles in postlabium represent ciliate setae; 7, Mesothoracic chaetotaxy; 8, Metathoracic chaetotaxy; 9, Second abdominal segment chaetotaxy; 10, Third abdominal segment chaetotaxy.

FIGURES 11 – 20. Pseudosinella josemarii sp. nov.: 11, Bothriotrichal complex of fourth abdominal segment; 12, Complete chaetotaxy of fourth abdominal segment (dots are acuminate microsetae, circles macrosetae, triangles fanshaped microsetae); 13, Metatibiotarsus and macrosetae; 14, Dorsal view of outer teeth of metathoracic claw; 15, Posterior view of inner teeth of metathoracic claw; 16 – 17, Metathoracic claw in two individuals; 18, Mucro; 19, Anterior face of ventral tube, left side; 20, Posterior chaetotaxy of ventral tube, left side.

Tables

TABLE 3. Diagnostic characters of Pseudosinella josemarii sp. nov. in relation to P. s e r a, P. certa and P. argentea.

Species	Th. 2 Macrosetae	Th. 3 Macrosetae	Tenet Hair	Outer Ungual Tooth	Inner Ungual Teeth	Abd. 2 Seta a2	Abd. 2 Seta a2p	Manubrial Plate Outer Setae
josemarii sp. nov.	1	1	acuminate	present, small	3	fan-shaped	absent	2
sera	0	0	clavate	absent	3	smooth	absent	4–5
certa	1	0	acuminate	?	2	smooth	present	?
argentea	0	0	clavate/acuminate	present/ absent	3 or 4	smooth	present	4–6