Empis (Enoplempis) williamturneri, Sinclair & Brooks & Cumming, 2021

Sinclair, Bradley J., Brooks, Scott E. & Cumming, Jeffrey M., 2021, Revision of the Empis (Enoplempis) mira species group (Diptera: Empididae), Zootaxa 4927 (1), pp. 41-57 : 49-52

Empis (Enoplempis) williamturneri sp. nov.

( Figs 2, 3 , 18, 19 , 28, 29 , 34 , 38 , 42 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:132706D1-BE2A-4C7A-8B41-002F5AA32E92

Type material. HOLOTYPE, Ƌ labelled:“USA:ID: Latah Co. / St. Joe NF; W Laird Pk/ N46°57.631′ W116°35.852′/ 13.vii.2012; meandr. str./ B.J. Sinclair; 856 m ”; “ HOLOTYPE / Empis (Enoplempis) / williamturneri Sinclair ,/ Brooks, Cumming” ( CNC) . PARATYPES: USA. Idaho: Adams Co., Ballards Ferry [ca. 45°02ʹN 116°48ʹW], 15.vi.1926, R. W. Haegele (1 ♀, WFBM) ; Boise Co., Lowman , 11.vii.1926, R. W. Haegele (1 ♀, WFBM) ; Bound- ary Co., Meadow Ck Cpgd nr Bonners Ferry [ca. 48°49ʹN 116°08ʹW], 27.viiii.1975, D.D. Wilder (1 Ƌ, CAS) ; Idaho Co., Clearwater NF, Hwy 12, Apgar Ck , 13.vi.2014, 46°12.858′N 115°32.179′W, 465 m, BJS (1 Ƌ, CNC) ; Idaho Co., 7 mi NNE Moscow [ca. 46°48ʹN 116°56ʹW], 2700 ft, 29.vi.1975, WJT (1 ♀, WJTC) ; Latah Co., 7 mi N Moscow, nr Paradise Pt [ca. 46°48ʹN 116°56ʹW], MT, 20.vi.1972, WJT (1 ♀, WJTC) ; Latah Co., 7 mi SE Harvard, Little Band Ck [ca. 46°55ʹN 116°43ʹW], 22.vi.1973, WJT (1 Ƌ, WJTC) ; Latah Co., Moose Ck Res., St. Joe NF, 21.vi. 2014, 887 m, 46°52.524′N 116°25.363′W, forest tr, BJS (3 Ƌ, CNC) ; Latah Co., 12 mi ENE Potlatch, Lost Ck [ca. 46°57ʹN 116°40ʹW], 5.viii.1979, sweeping, WJT (1 Ƌ, 1 ♀, USNM; 1 Ƌ, 2 ♀, WJTC) ; same data except, 16 mi E Potlatch, Little Sand Ck, nr. Bonami Ck [46°55ʹN 116°37ʹW], 2900 ft, 9.viii.1979 (3 Ƌ, 1 ♀, WJTC) ; same data except, 5.viii.1979 (1 Ƌ, WJTC) ; Latah Co., 7 mi N Troy nr Big Meadow Rec. Area [ca. 46°48ʹN 116°48ʹW], 3000 ft, 31.vii.1979, WJT (1 Ƌ, WJTC) ; same data as holotype (1 Ƌ, 2 ♀, CNC) ; same data except, 46°58.180′N 116°35.120′W, 880 m, stream (1 ♀, CNC) ; Latah Co., Moscow Mt., Moscow Mtn Rd, 46°47.721′N 116°54.093′W, 22.vi.2014, 1000 m, cascading str., BJS (1 ♀, CNC) ; Latah Co., Moscow Mt. [ca. 46°48′N 116°52′W], 28.viii.1916, A.L. Melander (1 Ƌ, USNM) . Oregon: Baker Co., 9 mi W Unity [ca. 44°26ʹN 118°11ʹW], 4500 ft, MT, 2.vii.1965 (1 Ƌ, CNC) ; Baker Co., Elkhorn Ridge, Upper Pine Ck [ca. 44°50ʹN 118°03ʹW], 25.vii.1968, Goeden & Westcott (1 Ƌ, ODAC) ; Baker Co., 34 mi SE Union, U. Goose Ck [ca. 44°56ʹN 117°25ʹW], 4160 ft, MT, 9.vi–5.vii., 13– 19.vii.1975, E.J. Davis (3 Ƌ, WJTC) ; Baker Co., 36 mi SE Union, L. Goose Ck [ca. 44°56ʹN 117°25ʹW], 4000 ft, MT, 9–12.vi.1976, E.J. Davis (1 ♀, WJTC) ; same data except, Wallowa-Whitman NF, 9.vi.1976, WJT (2 Ƌ, WJTC) ; Union Co., 14 mi S La Grande, Ladd Cyn [ca. 45°09ʹN 118°03ʹW], 4280 ft, MT, 24–26.vii.1977, E.J. Davis (1 Ƌ, WJTC) ; Wallowa Co., Minam SP [ca. 45°38ʹN 117°43ʹW], 9.vi.1971, WJT (1 Ƌ, 2 ♀, WJTC) . Washington: Asotin Co., Field’s Spr SP [46°04′53″N 117°10′14″W], 31.viii.1971, WJT (2 ♀, WJTC) ; same data except, 30.vi.1975 (1 Ƌ, WJTC) ; same data except, 15,27. vi.1972 (2 Ƌ, 1 ♀, WJTC) ; same data except, 20.vii.1966, R. L. Westcott (1 ♀, WFBM) ; Asotin Co., 4 mi S Anatone, nr Field’s Spr SP [ca. 46°05ʹN 117°10ʹW], MT, 3600 ft, 10.vi., 12.viii.1980, WJT (2 ♀, WJTC) ; Whitman Co., 8 mi SW Pullman, Lyle Grove Biol. Area [ca. 46°42ʹN 117°12ʹW], 2100 ft, MT, 2–29.vii.1979, L. Corpus (6 Ƌ, 4 ♀, WJTC) ; SCS Pond nr WSU Campus, Pullman [ca. 46°43ʹN 117°11ʹW], 2500 ft, 19.vi.1976, WJT (1 Ƌ, WJTC) .

Diagnosis. This species is the only species of the E. (En.) mira species group found in Idaho, Oregon and Washington and is distinguished by the single median brown vitta on the scutum, male right hind femur with two elongate posteroventral tufts, as long as width of femur ( Fig. 29 ) and hypandrium with medial apical notch.

Description. Wing length 5.8–6.5 mm. Male. Head with dense, dark greyish pruinescence on face, frons, occiput and postgena. Narrowly dichoptic, eye with ommatidia slightly enlarged ventrally. Frons divergent towards antennae; below ocellar triangle slightly narrower than width of anterior ocellus, bearing short setulae along inner margin of eye. Face slightly divergent towards mouthparts; bare, with oral margin dark and shiny. Ocellar triangle with greyish pruinescence, with pair of parallel ocellar setae and pair of shorter posterior setulae. Occiput bearing row of postocular setae, 2–3 strong, black setae on upper section; shorter and more slender on lower section; remaining upper occipital setae black, long and strong. Pedicel, scape and inner base of postpedicel pale brown to dark brown; postpedicel and stylus dark brown. Scape about 2× longer than pedicel; postpedicel 5× longer than basal width, or 2.5× longer than stylus. Palpus yellow, with dark setulae. Proboscis largely yellow; apex of labrum reddish brown; labellum with dark setae.

Thorax yellow in ground-colour, largely clothed in thin whitish pruinescence; all major setae black. Scutum usually with narrow, dark brown median vitta. Pleura yellow, with thin whitish pruinescence. Proepisternum with several short, dark setae; prosternum bare. Antepronotum with row of stout dark setae. Postpronotum with 3–4 short, dark setae and 1 long seta. Scutum with short, fine biserial acr; dc uniserial, longer than acr, postsutural dc increasing in length posteriorly; 2–3 posterior npl, with several shorter anterior setae; 1 presut spal; 1 psut spal; 1 pal. Scutellum with 2 pairs of sctl, apical pair stouter, less than twice length of lateral pair. Laterotergite with 3 long, dark setae and several shorter setae. Anterior and posterior spiracles pale.

Legs long, entirely yellow, except for dark ring at trochanter-femur junction and apices of femora; tarsomere 5 usually darkened. Coxae with numerous dark lateral setae, longer and stouter along apical anterior margins. Hind trochanter unmodified. Fore and mid femora with distinct white ventral pile. Fore femur with anteroventral and posteroventral rows of fine setae, posteroventral setae longer. Fore tibia with pile of soft ventral setulae, with 2–3 anterodorsal and posterodorsal setae and several preapical setae. Fore tarsomere slightly swollen, slightly broader than fore tibia; shorter than remaining tarsomeres combined; all tarsomeres with pile of soft ventral setulae. Mid femur with anteroventral row of setae of various lengths, with cluster of longer basal setae; posteroventral face with distinct row of well separated setae, shorter than femur width. Mid tibia with dark, short, thickened ventral setae, shorter than width of tibia; 3–4 anterodorsal, 3–4 posterodorsal and several preapical setae. Hindlegs asymmetrical, tibiae geniculate at base. Left hind femur with slight basal swelling with long, dark setae, less than half width of femur; posteroventral row of thickened, erect black setae beyond mid-length ( Figs 2 , 18 ), when hindleg closed, row fits along posterior face of curved tibia; short posteroventral swelling on apical third with short, spine-like setae ( Fig. 19 ). Left hind tibia sinuous with black ventral spine-like setae beyond mid-length; preapex with thin posteroventral flange ( Figs 18, 19 ). Right hind femur with proximal two-thirds clothed in numerous short, black ventral setae; without short anteroventral digitiform lobe on apical third; apical fourth shallowly excavated ventrally with transverse ridge bearing brush of thick setae, ending at long tuft of fused, black anteroventral setae ( Fig. 28 ); apical third with pair of tufts of black posteroventral setae, longer than width of femur; apical third without lengthened posterior setae ( Fig. 29 ). Right hind tibia strongly bent at distal third, with saucer-like ridge arched into femur; anterior face of ridge with spine-like setae; flattened preapical anteroventral flange folds up against setal tuft of femur; saucer-like ridge on posteroventral face expanded into setae lobe, dividing paired tufted setae of femur ( Figs 28, 29 ). Tarsomeres 1–5 of fore and hind legs without rows of anteroventral and posteroventral spine-like setae ( Fig. 3 ); tarsomeres 1 and 2 of midleg with several pairs of spine-like anteroventral and posteroventral setae.

Wing clear with yellowish veins, mostly well sclerotized; CuA+CuP fading out prior to wing margin. Basal costal seta short, stouter and longer than surrounding costal setae. R 5 and M 1 parallel near wing margin; R 5 ending beyond wing tip; radial fork acute. Halter yellow.

Abdomen yellow with longest posteromarginal setae on tergite 2, decreasing in length posteriorly. Posteromarginal setae on segment 8 longer than length of sclerites. Pregenital segments unmodified; sclerites of segment 8 closely approximated laterally. Terminalia ( Fig. 38 ) yellow with cercus brown. Cercus narrow, linear, posterior end tapered with setae on inner face; clothed in dark setae, anterior setae longer than width of cercus. Hypoproct without setae. Subepandrial sclerite with process arching obliquely from ventral margin of cercus, extending more than one-third length of cercus; apex slightly upturned. Epandrial lamella subtriangular, posterior margin broadly rounded, without process; setae moderately long, some about width of lamella. Hypandrium short, truncate, apical margin with median notch, more than 0.5× as long as epandrium; base with several setae, shorter than length of hypandrium. Phallus deeply attenuated near base, middle section broad and tapered apically; apical third deeply attenuated, flexed at right angle, forming narrow bowl-like apex, with well sclerotized anterior margin; apex not emerging beyond epandrium; ejaculatory apodeme broad, flattened plate, not Y-shaped, three-quarters length of epandrium.

Female. Similar to male, except as follows: frons slightly narrower than ocellar triangle; mid femur with row of 5 widely spaced, strong posteroventral setae, weaker on anteroventral row; hindlegs symmetrical; hind femur swollen, wider than mid femur, with strong anteroventral and posteroventral setae on apical half ( Fig. 34 ); hind tibia geniculate at base; cercus brown, long and slender, with short dark setae.

Etymology. This species is named after William (Bill) J. Turner, an empidid specialist with a keen interest in western North American Empis and who collected long series of Enoplempis .

Distribution. This species is known from the extensive Columbia Plateau region of eastern Oregon, eastern Washington and northern Idaho ( Fig. 42 ).

Figures

FIGURES 1–5. Habitus photographs and male hindleg of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 1. Male of E. mira (Bigot), left lateral view. 2. Male left hindleg of E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 3. Male left hind tarsus of E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 4. Holotype male of E. winkleri sp. nov., left lateral view. 5. Female of E. winkleri sp. nov., left lateral view.

FIGURES 12–21. Male left hindlegs of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 12. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 13. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 14. E. mira (Bigot), anterior view. 15. E. mira (Bigot), posterior view. 16. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 17. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 18. E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 19. E. williamturneri sp. nov., posterior view. 20. E. winkleri sp. nov., anterior view. 21. E. winkleri sp. nov., posterior view.

FIGURES 22–31. Male right hindlegs of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 22. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 23. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 24. E. mira (Bigot), anterior view. 25. E. mira (Bigot), posterior view. 26. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, anterior view. 27. E. submira sp. nov., holotype, posterior view. 28. E. williamturneri sp. nov., anterior view. 29. E. williamturneri sp. nov., posterior view. 30. E. winkleri sp. nov., anterior view. 31. E. winkleri sp. nov., posterior view.

FIGURES 32–35. Female left hindlegs of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group in anterior view. 32. E. macdonaldi sp. nov. 33. E. mira (Bigot). 34. E. williamturneri sp. nov. 35. E. winkleri sp. nov.

FIGURES 36–40. Male terminalia of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group in left lateral view. 36. E. macdonaldi sp. nov. 37. E. mira (Bigot). 38. E. williamturneri sp. nov. 39. E. submira sp. nov. 40. E. winkleri sp. nov. Abbreviations: cerc – cercus; ej apod – ejaculatory apodeme; epand – epandrium; hypd – hypandrium; ph – phallus; sbepand proc – subepandrial process.

FIGURES 41–42. Known geographical distribution of the E. (Enoplempis) mira species group. 41. E. mira (Bigot) and E. winkleri sp. nov. 42. E. macdonaldi sp. nov., E. submira sp. nov. and E. williamturneri sp. nov.