Hoplismenus GRAVENHORST, 1829

Riedel, Matthias, 2021, The Western Palaearctic species of the subtribe Hoplismenina HEINRICH (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 53 (2), pp. 901-926 : 903-904

Hoplismenus GRAVENHORST, 1829

T y p e s p e c i e s: Hoplismenus maestus GRAVENHORST, 1829. syn. Peritaenius FÖRSTER, 1869. T y p e s p e c i e s: Peritaenius bavaricus CLÉMENT, 1927, monobasic, synonymized by

HEINRICH (1949). syn. Taeniaspis CLÉMENT, 1927 T y p e s p e c i e s: Taeniaspis flavitarsis CLÉMENT, 1927, monobasic, synonymized by

TOWNES et al. (1961).

D e s c r i p t i o n: Flagellum in ♀ slender and bristle-shaped, usually slightly widened centrally and pointed apically. Flagellum in ♁ with tyloids. Temple strongly narrowed behind eye. Gena narrowed ventrally. Genal carina straight, sometimes concave ventrally, reaching hypostomal carina away from mandibular base. Malar space long, at least as long as width of mandibular base. Clypeus moderately convex, with sharp and rounded apical margin. Mandible narrowed behind base, lower tooth usually smaller than upper tooth. Mesoscutum longer than wide, convex. Notaulus usually present in the frontal third of mesoscutum. Scutellum distinctly elevated, sometimes pyramidal, usually with ± complete lateral carina, in ♁ often with a transverse carina on top. Area superomedia about as long as wide or transverse, heart- or halfmoon-shaped, often hexagonal. Anterior transverse carina (costula) present or absent. Area dentipara with distinct apophysis. Hind coxa in ♀ without scopa. Legs long and slender, claws at most with short basal teeth.

Metasoma oval, usually ± narrowed apically, oxypygous or semi-amblypygous (hypopygium short or slightly elongate, at most as long as distance between apical margin of hypopygium and metasomal apex). Postpetiolus strongly widened, with separated median field, usually punctate or finely rugose. Gastrocoelus ± impressed and often with longitudinal ridges. Thyridium present, ± transverse, usually shorter than the interval. Ovipositor sheath rather long, usually reaching behind metasomal apex. Apical margin of hypopygium in ♁ with tongue-like or triangular median extension.

Color: Basic coloration black, sometimes ± reddish. Head and mesosoma with reduced yellow or ivory spots, apical tergites without ivory spots. Hind tarsomeres sometimes ± ivory. Sexual dimorphism small, ivory coloration usually more extended in ♁ than in ♀.

Biology: The ♀♀ overwinter as imagines. As far as known, species are mostly parasitoids of Nymphalidae ( Lepidoptera ), rarely of other lepidopteran families ( Erebidae ).