Coccidae, Fallen, 1814

Choi, Jinyeong, Soysouvanh, Pheophanh, Lee, Seunghwan & Hong, Ki-Jeong, 2018, Review of the family Coccidae (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha) in Laos, Zootaxa 4460 (1), pp. 1-62 : 6-7

Key to adult females of species of Coccidae in Laos

1. Stigmatic clefts each with a single stigmatic spine............................................................ 2

- Stigmatic clefts each with at least 3 stigmatic spines.......................................................... 3

2. Antenna with 4th and 5th segments each longer than wide; preopercular pores eXtending anteriorly onto thoraX; multilocular disc-pores absent from metathoraX............................................. Drepanococcus chiton ( Figs 4 , 5 )

- Antenna with 4th and 5th segments each shorter than wide, or of similar length to width; preopercular pores restricted to abdomen; multilocular disc-pores present on metathoraX........................................... D. cajani ( Figs 2 , 3 )

3. Marginal setae each fan-shaped.......................................................................... 4

- Marginal setae not fan-shaped............................................................................ 5

4. Preopercular pores present anterolateral to anal plates, in 3 groups on each side; legs entirely absent.............................................................................................. Paralecanium quadratum ( Fig. 34 )

- Preopercular pores present anterolateral to anal plates, in 2 groups on each side; legs represented by leg stubs............................................................................................. P. expansum ( Figs 32 , 33 )

5. Marginal setae truncate, of 2 types (slender and long, or thick and same length as slender ones or shorter); anal plates each with apical setae truncate..................................................... Megapulvinaria maxima ( Figs 35 , 36 )

- Marginal setae of a single type, tips pointed or frayed; anal plates each with apical setae sharply spinose................. 6

6. Body entirely covered with thick waX test; without white ovisac; anal plates situated on sclerotized caudal process at maturity; stigmatic spines conical or bullet-shaped................................................................... 7

- Body without obvious waXy test; sometimes with white ovisac; anal plates not situated on sclerotized caudal process; stigmatic spines normally spinose............................................................................... 11

7. WaX test star-shaped, with 7 rays; interantennal setae numbering about 7-10 pairs......... Ceroplastes stellifer ( Figs 14 , 15 )

- WaX test more or less round to oval; interantennal setae numbering about 1–3 pairs................................. 8

8. Stigmatic clefts each with a large medial seta; legs poorly developed, each with tibia and tarsus fused...................................................................................................... C. rubens ( Figs 12 , 13 )

- Stigmatic clefts each with medial seta, if present, never more than twice as large as other stigmatic setae; legs normally devel- oped, each with tibia and tarsus distinct.................................................................... 9

9. Ventral tubular ducts each with a swollen inner ductule, present in lateral submarginal areas of body; with about 8–10 slender marginal setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side............. C. floridensis ( Figs 11 , 12 )

- Ventral tubular ducts each with a narrow or filamentous inner ductule, present in submarginal area of posterior abdomen and head only; with about 2–4 slender marginal setae present between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side..... 10

10. WaX test forming a distinct horn at maturity; stigmatic spines arranged in about 6 rows by each cleft; antenna 6 segmented; legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses.................................................. C. ceriferus ( Figs 6 , 7 )

- WaX test without a horn at maturity; stigmatic spines arranged in 2 or 3 rows by each cleft; antenna 7 segmented; legs with tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses.................................................... C. cirripediformis ( Figs 8 , 9 )

11. Anal plates together kite-shaped, each plate with anterolateral margin over 1.7 times as long as posterolateral margin............................................................................. Milviscutulus mangiferae ( Figs 37 , 38 )

- Anal plates together approXimately quadrate, each plate with anterolateral margin similar in length to posterolateral margin 1 2

12. Ventral tubular ducts, each with a broad inner ductule, present in medial areas of head, thoraX and abdomen; in life, mature adult female with white ovisac.......................................................................... 13

- Ventral tubular ducts each with a broad inner ductule absent; or if present, either (i) present in medial area of thoraX only (e.g. Coccus celatus and C. viridis ), or (ii) mainly present in submarginal areas of body, as well as few ducts present around meso- and procoXa (e.g. Saissetia coffeae ); in life, mature adult female without white ovisac.............................. 15

13. Dorsum with polygonal reticulations; with 4 or 5 stigmatic spines present in each stigmatic cleft................................................................................................ Pulvinaria polygonata ( Figs 41 , 42 )

- Dorsum without polygonal reticulations; with only 3 stigmatic spines present in each stigmatic cleft................... 14

14. Multilocular disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi; with ventral tubular ducts of 3 types (type I: each with a broad inner ductule; type II: each with a narrow inner ductule; type III: each with a filamentous inner ductule)........ P. floccifera ( Figs 39 , 40 )

- Multilocular disc-pores mostly each with 10 loculi; with ventral tubular ducts of only 2 types (type III with filamentous inner ductules absent)....................................................................... P. psidii ( Figs 43 , 44 )

15. Submarginal band of ventral tubular ducts present........................................................... 16

- Submarginal band of ventral tubular ducts absent........................................................... 19

16. Dorsum with polygonal reticulations; anal plates each without a discal seta; in life, without H-shaped ridge on dorsum................................................................................ Parasaissetia nigra ( Figs 45 , 46 )

- Dorsum without polygonal reticulations; anal plates each with a discal seta; in life, young specimens with H-shaped ridge on dorsum............................................................................................. 17

17. With ventral tubular ducts of 3 types (type I: each with a broad inner ductule; type II: each with a narrow inner ductule; type III: each with a filamentous inner ductule), present in submarginal and medial areas of thoraX and abdomen............................................................................................ Saissetia coffeae ( Figs 47 , 48 )

- With ventral tubular ducts of only 1 type (type I: each with a narrow inner ductule), present in submarginal areas only..... 18

18. Marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side numbering 17–23...... S. miranda ( Figs 49 , 50 )

- Marginal setae between anterior and posterior stigmatic clefts on each side numbering 5–13.......... S. oleae ( Figs 51 , 52 )

19. Dorsum of mature adult female formed of polygonal sclerotized plates; ventral tubular ducts absent........................................................................................... Eucalymnatus tessellatus ( Figs 30 , 31 )

- Dorsum of mature adult female without polygonal plates; ventral tubular ducts present, of 1 or 2 types................. 20

20. Pregenital setae numbering 1 or 2 pairs; ventral tubular ducts absent from medial area of thoraX, present only in submarginal area of posterior abdomen...................................................... Coccus capparidis ( Figs 16 , 17 )

- Pregenital setae numbering 3 pairs; ventral tubular ducts present in medial area of thoraX............................ 21

21. Dorsal submarginal tubercles present..................................................................... 22

- Dorsal submarginal tubercles absent...................................................................... 25

22. Ventral tubular ducts in medial area of thoraX each with a broad or filamentous inner ductule......................... 23

- Ventral tubular ducts in medial area of thoraX each with a narrow inner ductule.................................... 24

23. Multilocular disc-pores mostly each with 10–12 loculi; ventral tubular ducts of 2 types (type I: each with a broad inner ductule; type II: each with a filamentous inner ductule); antenna 8 segmented........................... C. celatus ( Figs 18 , 19 )

- Multilocular disc-pores mostly each with 7 loculi; ventral tubular ducts of 1 type (type I: each with a broad inner ductule) only; antenna 7 segmented.................................................................. C. viridis ( Figs 28 , 29 )

24. Antennae each 8 segmented....................................................... C. gymnospori ( Figs 22 , 23 )

- Antennae each 7 segmented....................................................... C. hesperidum ( Figs 24 , 25 )

25. Dorsal setae tapering, sharply setose; marginal setae with pointed apices; ventral tubular ducts abundant, a continuous transverse band of ducts present on mesothoraX; legs without tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses........ C. formicarii ( Figs 20 , 21 )

- Dorsal setae cylindrical, bluntly spinose; marginal setae with bifid or fimbriate apices; ventral tubular ducts scarce, a continu- ous transverse band of ducts absent from mesothoraX, a few present near each mesocoXa; legs with tibio-tarsal articulatory scleroses................................................................... C. latioperculatum ( Figs 26 , 27 )

Figures

FIGURE 2. Drepanococcus cajani (Maskell, 1891). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, stigmatic spine. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 100 µm; D = 50 µm.

FIGURE 3. Drepanococcus cajani (Maskell, 1891), adult female, from Hodgson (1994). A, stigmatic spine; B1-2, marginal setae; C1-3, dorsal microducts; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, leg; G, multilocular disc-pore; H1-2, ventral tubular ducts; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore.

FIGURE 4. Drepanococcus chiton (Green, 1909). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, stigmatic spine. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 100 µm; D = 50 µm.

FIGURE 5. Drepanococcus chiton (Green, 1909), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal microduct; B, simple pore; C, preopercular pores; D, anal plates; E. multilocular disc-pore; F. anterior and lateral marginal setae on anogenital fold; G, ventral tubular duct; H, spiracular disc-pore; I, stigmatic spine (broken) and marginal setae; J, ventral microduct.

FIGURE 6. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 7. Ceroplastes ceriferus (Fabricius, 1798), adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-3, dorsal setae; B1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; C, stigmatic spine; D, simple microduct; E, submarginal seta; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, marginal seta; L, antenna.

FIGURE 8. Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock, 1881. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 9. Ceroplastes cirripediformis Comstock, 1881, adult female, from Gimpel et al. (1974). A1-4, Ceroplastes-type pores; B, stigmatic spine; C, dorsal setae; D, multilocular disc-pore; E, ventral tubular duct; F, leg; G, marginal seta; H, submarginal seta; I, spiracular disc-pore; J, cruciform pore; K, antenna.

FIGURE 11. Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, 1881, adult female, from Hodgson & Peronti (2012). A1-3, Ceroplastes-type pores; B, dorsal seta; C, reticulation on caudal process; D, anal plates; E, multilocular disc-pore; F, leg; G, ventral tubular duct; H, cruciform pore; I, spiracular disc-pore; J, marginal setae; K, stigmatic spines.

FIGURE 12. Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893. A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, antenna; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, F = 100 µm.

FIGURE 13. Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, 1893, adult female, from Hodgson & Peronti (2012). A, stigmatic spine; B, dorsal seta; C1-2, Ceroplastes-type pores; D, simple microduct; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, leg; H, ventral seta; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, antenna.

FIGURE 14. Ceroplastes stellifer (Westwood, 1871). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, interantennal setae; D, stigmatic spines; E, antenna; F, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, D = 50 µm; E, F = 100 µm.

FIGURE 15. Ceroplastes stellifer (Westwood, 1871), adult female, from Hodgson & Peronti (2012). A. dorsal seta; B, stigmatic spine; C, simple microduct; D, Ceroplastes-type pores with 0–2 satellite loculi; E, anal plates; F, multilocular discpore; G, leg; H, ventral seta; I, cruciform pore; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, antenna.

FIGURE 16. Coccus capparidis (Green, 1904). A, adult female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female. Scale line for B = 0.5 µm.

FIGURE 17. Coccus capparidis (Green, 1904), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal microduct; B, dorsal tubercle; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, spiracular disc-pore; J, stigmatic spines and marginal setae; K, antenna.

FIGURE 18. Coccus celatus De Lotto, 1960. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female. Scale line for B = 0.5 µm.

FIGURE 19. Coccus celatus De Lotto, 1960, adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dermal areolations and dorsal microduct; B, dorsal seta; C, preopercular pore; D, dorsal tubercle; E, multilocular disc-pore; F1–2, ventral tubular ducts; G, ventral microduct; H, simple pore; I, spiracular disc-pore; J, stigmatic spines and marginal setae.

FIGURE 20. Coccus formicarii (Green, 1896). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, ventral tubular ducts between mesocoxae; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 21. Coccus formicarii (Green, 1896), adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, stigmatic spines; B, marginal seta; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, dorsal microduct; F, anal plates; G, multilocular disc-pore; H, leg; I1-2, ventral tubular ducts; J, ventral microduct; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, antenna.

FIGURE 22. Coccus gymnospori (Green, 1908). A, adult females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, ventral tubular ducts between mesocoxae; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 100 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 23. Coccus gymnospori (Green, 1908), adult female, from Ben-Dov (1981). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal tubular duct; D, dorsal seta; E, preopercular pore; F, anal plates; G, multilocular disc-pore; H, ventral microduct; I, leg; J, ventral seta; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral tubular duct; M, stigmatic spines and marginal setae.

FIGURE 24. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, antenna; D, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; E, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 100 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 25. Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus, 1758, adult female, from Lin et al. (2013). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal tubercle; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, anal ring; K, ventral seta; L, leg; M, ventral tubular duct; N, ventral microduct; O, spiracular disc-pore; P, antenna.

FIGURE 26. Coccus latioperculatum (Green, 1922). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; E, leg. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 100 µm.

FIGURE 27. Coccus latioperculatum (Green, 1922), adult female, from Avasthi & Shafee (1991). A, dermal areolations; B, marginal setae; C1-2, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal setae; E, preopercular pore; F, anal plates; G, multilocular disc-pore; H, leg; I, spiracular disc-pore; J, ventral seta; K, ventral tubular duct; L, antenna.

FIGURE 28. Coccus viridis (Green, 1889). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, antenna; E, ventral tubular ducts between mesocoxae; F, leg (Arrow indicates a tibio-tarsal articulatory sclerosis). Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D, F = 100 µm; E = 10 µm.

FIGURE 29. Coccus viridis (Green, 1889), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal seta; B, dorsal microduct; C, stigmatic spines; D, simple pore; E, preopercular pore; F, dorsal tubercle; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, marginal seta; J, ventral microduct; K, anterior and lateral marginal setae on anogenital fold; L, ventral tubular duct; M, leg; N, spiracular disc-pore; O, antenna.

FIGURE 30. Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret, 1873). A, female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, polygonal plates; D, pregenital setae. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 200 µm; D = 100 µm.

FIGURE 31. Eucalymnatus tessellatus (Signoret, 1873), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal seta; C, dorsal microduct; D, anal plates; E, multilocular disc-pore; F, ventral microduct; G, leg; H, spiracular disc-pore; I, stigmatic spines and marginal setae; J, antenna.

FIGURE 32. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, leg stub near antenna; E, groups of preopercular pores. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C, E = 50 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 33. Paralecanium expansum (Green, 1896), adult female, from Hodgson & Williams (2018). A, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; B, simple pore near margin; C, simple pore more medially; D, dorsal seta; E, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; F, dorsal areolations; G, preopercular pore; H, marginal seta; I, multilocular disc-pore; J, leg stubs; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna.

FIGURE 34. Paralecanium quadratum (Green, 1904), adult female, from Hodgson & Williams (2018). A, marginal seta; B, stigmatic cleft with stigmatic spines; C, small simple pore; D, dorsal microduct; E, dorsal seta; F, dorsal and ventral view of anal plates and anogenital area; G, clear area with preopercular pores; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pores; K, antenna.

FIGURE 35. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, marginal setae; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm.

FIGURE 36. Megapulvinaria maxima (Green, 1904), adult female, from Wang & Feng (2012). A, dorsal seta; B1-2, marginal setae; C, stigmatic spine; D, dorsal microduct; E, simple pore; F, dorsal tubular duct; G, anal plates; H, multilocular disc-pore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, ventral microduct; M, antenna.

FIGURE 37. Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green, 1889). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, ventral tubular ducts near mesocoxa; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 10 µm; D = 100 µm.

FIGURE 38. Milviscutulus mangiferae (Green, 1889), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, simple pore; B, dorsal microduct; C, preopercular pore; D, dorsal tubercle; E, anal plates; F, dorsal setae; G, ventral seta; H1-2, ventral tubular ducts; I, anterior and lateral marginal setae on anogenital fold; J, leg; K, multilocular disc-pore; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, stigmatic spines and marginal setae; N, ventral microduct; O, preantennal pore; P, antenna.

FIGURE 39. Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood, 1870). A, female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area of abdomen. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 40. Pulvinaria floccifera (Westwood, 1870), adult female, from Tanaka & Amano (2007). A, dorsal seta; B, dorsal tubercle; C, dorsal microduct; D, marginal setae; E, stigmatic spines; F, preopercular pore; G, anal plates; H, multilocular discpore; I, leg; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular disc-pore; M, antenna.

FIGURE 41. Pulvinaria polygonata Cockerell, 1905. A, female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area of abdomen. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 42. Pulvinaria polygonata Cockerell, 1905, adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, marginal setae; B, dorsal seta; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal tubercle; E, dorsal tubular duct; F, dermal areolations and dorsal microduct; G, preopercular pore; H, anal plates; I, multilocular disc-pore; J1-3, ventral tubular ducts; K, ventral microduct; L, spiracular discpore.

FIGURE 43. Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893. A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, stigmatic spines; D, ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area of abdomen. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 10 µm.

FIGURE 44. Pulvinaria psidii Maskell, 1893, adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dermal areolations; B, dorsal microduct; C, stigmatic spines; D, dorsal tubercle; E, marginal setae; F, anal plates; G, preopercular pore; H, multilocular discpore; I1-2, ventral tubular ducts; J, ventral seta; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, spiracle; M, ventral microduct; N, antenna.

FIGURE 45. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, polygonal reticulations; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 50 µm; D = 100 µm.

FIGURE 46. Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner, 1861), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal tubercle; B, dorsal microduct; C, dorsal seta; D, preopercular pore; E, anal plates; F, multilocular disc-pore; G, ventral tubular duct; H, leg; I, ventral microduct; J, spiracular disc-pore; K, stigmatic spines and marginal setae.

FIGURE 47. Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area of abdomen; D, anal plates. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 10 µm; D = 100 µm.

FIGURE 48. Saissetia coffeae (Walker, 1852), adult female, from Choi & Lee (2017b). A, dorsal microduct; B, dorsal tubercle; C, dermal areolations; D, dorsal seta; E, stigmatic spines; F1-4, marginal setae; G, anal plates; H, preopercular pore; I, multilocular disc-pores; J, leg; K, ventral seta; L1-3, ventral tubular ducts; M, spiracular disc-pores; N, ventral microduct; O, antenna.

FIGURE 49. Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott in Cockerell, 1899). A, female in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area of abdomen; D, anal plates; E, marginal setae between stigmatic spines. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm.

FIGURE 50. Saissetia miranda (Cockerell & Parrott in Cockerell, 1899), adult female, from Choi & Lee (2017b). A, dorsal microduct; B, dorsal tubercle; C, dermal areolations; D, dorsal seta; E, stigmatic spines; F1-4, marginal setae; G, anal plates; H, preopercular pore; I, multilocular disc-pores; J, leg; K, ventral seta; L, ventral tubular duct; M, spiracular disc-pore; N, ventral microduct; O, antenna.

FIGURE 51. Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791). A, population of females in life; B, slide-mounted adult female; C, ventral tubular ducts on submarginal area of abdomen; D, anal plates; E, marginal setae between stigmatic spines. Scale lines for B = 0.5 mm; C = 10 µm; D = 100 µm; E = 50 µm.

FIGURE 52. Saissetia oleae (Olivier, 1791), adult female, from Williams & Watson (1990). A, dorsal seta; B, dorsal tubercle; C, dorsal microduct; D, simple pore; E, preopercular pore; F, anal plates; G, multilocular disc-pore; H, ventral tubular duct; I, leg; J, ventral microduct; K, spiracular disc-pore; L, stigmatic spines and marginal setae.