Aposphragisma brunomanseri Thoma, 2014

THOMA, MARCO, KRANZ-BALTENSPERGER, YVONNE, KROPF, CHRISTIAN, GRABER, WERNER, NENTWIG, WOLFGANG & FRICK, HOLGER, 2014, The new Southeast Asian goblin spider genus Aposphragisma (Araneae, Oonopidae): diversity and phylogeny, Zootaxa 3798 (1), pp. 1-86 : 20-25

Aposphragisma brunomanseri Thoma , sp. nov.

( Figs. 9–12 )

Type material. HOLOTYPE: male ( PBI_OON 00031369 ), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), Bako National Park [01°42′N 110°27′E; inf.], 29./ 30.III.1985, leg. C.L. & P.R. Deeleman, deposited at RMNH . PARATYPES: 1 male & 1 female ( PBI_OON 00015245 ), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), 12 km E of Bau, 20 m [01°25′N 110°02′E; inf.], 14.V.1994, riverain forest, on fungi, leg. I. Löbl & D. Burckhardt, deposited at MHNG ; 1 male ( PBI_OON 00015254 ), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), Santubong, 32 km N of Kuching, 0–100 m [01°44′N 110°20′E; inf.], 11.–16.V.1994, sifting of vegetational debris and fungi in mixed dipterocarp forest, leg. I. Löbl & D. Burckhardt, deposited at NMBE ; 1 male (PBI_ OON 00016214 ), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), route Kuching to Matang , Gunung Serapi, 670 m [01°35′N 110°11′E; inf.], 9.XII.1987, prélèvement du sol dans la fôret le long de la route vers la station TV (Berlese à Kuching, Sarawak), leg. B. Hauser, deposited at MHNG ; 1 female ( PBI_OON 00031367 ), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), Semengoh arboretum [01°21′N 110°21′E; inf.], 27.III.1985, leg. C.L. Deeleman, deposited at RMNH ; 1 female (PBI_ OON 00031368 ), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), Semengoh arboretum, lower track [01°21′N 110°21′E; inf.], 23.III.1985, litter and humus, leg. C.L. Deeleman & P.R. Deeleman, deposited at RMNH ; 1 female ( PBI_OON 00031372 ; abdomen used for examination of internal genitalia), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), Bako N.P. [01°42′N 110°27′E; inf.], 30.III.1985, litière, lowland forest, leg. C.L. Deeleman, deposited at NMBE ; 1 female ( PBI_OON 00031392 ), collected with male holotype, deposited at RMNH ; 1 female ( PBI_OON 00031393 ), collected together with paratype (PBI_OON 00031372), deposited at RMNH .

Non-type material. 1 female (PBI_OON 00031347), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), Semengoh [01°21′N 110°21′E; inf.], 6.IV.1985, litière, leg. C.L. Deeleman, deposited at RMNH ; 1 female (PBI_OON 00031366; partly used for SEM), Sarawak ( MALAYSIA), Semengoh arboretum [01°21′N 110°21′E; inf.], 10.I.1984, litter, leg. C.L. Deeleman, deposited at RMNH ; 1 male ( PBI_OON 00031402 ; partly used for SEM), collected together with paratype (PBI_OON 00015254), deposited at MHNG .

Etymology. The species epithet is dedicated to Bruno Manser (*1954, missing, presumed dead), a Swiss environmental activist and ethnologist, most famous for his support of the nomadic indigenous Penan people against the destruction of pristine rain forest in the Malaysian state of Sarawak (see www.bmf.ch).

Diagnosis. A. brunomanseri sp. nov. belongs to the stripe-clade and can be distinguished from other species of this clade by the combination of the following traits: carapace with two pairs of spikes ( Figs. 9 E–F); carapace margin with pointed denticles (den) and sluice (slu) restricted to posterior margin ( Figs. 9F , 10A ); epigastric scutum in females posterolaterally with a single curved ridge (cr) ( Fig. 11C ). It resembles A. dayak sp. nov. and A. kolleri sp. nov., but A. dayak sp. nov. (only known from one female) lacks spikes and shows a row of longitudinal ridges on the epigastric scutum. Among other differences A. kolleri sp. nov. only has one pair of spikes, differs in sternum ornamentation and shows a pointed embolic spine.

Description. Description based on 5 males and 8 females.

MALE. With the characters of the genus except as noted. Body length 1.80–1.90 mm (n=5), carapace length 0.86–0.88 mm (n=5). Sclerotized parts uniformly coloured red-brown, approaching colour 32 ‘chestnut’; legs more orangish coloured, paler than rest of body. Habitus: Figs. 9 A–C.

CEPHALOTHORAX. Carapace: surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides strongly reticulate (dorsal part more striated; Figs. 9 D–F); posterior edge of pars cephalica with one pair of spikes (csp) ( Figs. 9 C–F); carapace margin with pointed denticles (den), sluice (slu) restricted to posterior margin, posterolateral corners with one pair of spikes (msp) ( Figs. 9 E–F, 10A). Eyes: posterior eye-row recurved from above, procurved from front ( Fig. 9E ); ALE largest, separated by their radius to diameter; ALE-PLE separated by less than ALE radius; PME touching throughout most of their length; PLE-PME separated by less than PME radius. Sternum coarsely ornamented except smooth median stripe and broadly smooth edges (ornamentation arranged in an ovoid band; Figs. 9 G–H); posterior margin expands into narrow single extension, posteriorly with a knob-like apophysis (ka) ( Figs. 9H , 10C ); setae appearing slightly plumose at SEM level. Pleura: (pl) surface smooth with pairs of large pits dorsally of each coxa I, II and III ( Fig. 10B ). Mouthparts: chelicerae posterior margin of inner surface proximally modified to a ridge with grooved surface (ri), covering about 2/3 of margin length, distally ending in a rounded knob ( Fig. 10D ); promargin with row of flattened setae (rfs) in combination with plumose setae, distally extending into a short inwards pointing tooth-like projection (tlp) ( Figs. 10 D–E); base of tooth-like projection posteriorly with a large plumose seta (lps) (about as long as fang; Fig. 10E ). Endites: inner margin distally with a brush of special wing-like setae (ws) ( Figs. 10 G–H); outer margin subdistally with a pair of rather long, inward bent plumose setae (ebs) ( Figs. 10 F–G).

ABDOMEN. Book lung covers large, elongated elliptical to dumbbell shaped (i.e. sides concave), about 5–6 times longer than wide. Epigastric scutum dorsally with widely oval subterminal ridge (sr) ( Figs. 11 A–B, D). Postepigastric scutum long, semicircular, with short posteriorly directed lateral apodemes (lap) ( Fig. 11A ). Setae appearing slightly plumose at SEM level ( Fig. 11C ); dorsal abdominal setae very long (lds) ( Figs. 9 C–D, 11D).

GENITALIA. Epigastric region: sperm pore situated between anterior and posterior spiracles ( Fig. 11A ). Palp: basal segments as well as bulb and cymbium lighter in colour than rest of body; bulb stout ( Figs. 12 A–B). Embolus tip spatulate ( Figs. 12 C–E); embolic spine with fringed tip (esp) ( Fig. 12C ). Conductor (con) with pronounced lateral comb (lc) and broad tip ( Figs. 12C, E ). Embolus-conductor-complex about as long as bulb.

FEMALE. As in males except as noted. Body length 1.88–2.21 mm (n=8), carapace length 0.88–0.97 mm (n=8). Epigastric scutum posterolaterally with a curved ridge (cr) ( Figs. 11 B–C, 12F). Postepigastric scutum almost semicircular ( Fig. 11B ).

GENITALIA. Dorsal view ( Figs. 12 F–G): receptaculum (re) triangular shaped with rounded posterior edge, laterally framed by short almost rectangular sclerites (apodemes; lap) and containing a triangular sac-like structure (sa); globular appendix (gap) lying dorsally of receptaculum short, only about 1/4 of receptaculum length; lateral and median part of receptaculum dorsally covered with papillae (pap); a transverse sclerite (tsc) lies anteriorly to the receptaculum and bears medially a nail-like structure (na) (the latter being superimposed by globular appendix and therefore hardly visible on the figures).

Intraspecific variation. Body size variable (see above); except for two yellowish coloured females body colour shows only very slight variation; the following characters are slightly variable as well: size of ‘spikes’ at posterior edge of pars cephalica, number of denticles on carapace margin, extension of smooth median stripe on sternum.

Distribution. W-Sarawak, MALAYSIA ( Fig. 49 ).

Figures

FIGURE 9. Aposphragisma brunomanseri sp. nov. Male: A. habitus dorsal view; B. habitus ventral view; C. habitus lateral view; D. carapace lateral view; E. carapace dorsal view; F. carapace dorsal view, SEM; G. prosoma ventral view; H. prosoma ventral view, SEM. Csp, posterior cephalic spikes (modified hair bases); ctg, continuous transverse groove; icg, infracoxal groove; ka, knob-like apophysis; msp, posterolateral margin spikes (modified hair bases); rf, faint radial furrow; slu, sluice. Scale bars: A–E, G 500 µm; F, H 200 µm.

FIGURE 10. Aposphragisma brunomanseri sp. nov. Male: A. carapace posterolateral margin dorsal view, SEM; B. sternum lateral part ventral view, SEM; C. detail of sternum posterior extension, SEM; D. chelicerae prolateral view, SEM; E. chelicerae tip prolateral view, SEM; F. mouthparts ventral view (chelicerae removed), SEM; G. distal part of endite ventral view; H. detail of endite tip inner margin, SEM. Ctg, continuous transverse groove; den, margin denticle (modified hair base); ebs, endites bent setae; icg, infracoxal groove; ka, knob-like apophysis; lps, single long plumose seta; msp, posterolateral margin spikes (modified hair bases); pl, pleura; rf, faint radial furrow; rfs, row of flattened setae; ser, serrula; ri, ridge with median slit; slu, sluice; tlp, tooth-like projection of male chelicerae; ws, wing-like setae. Scale bars: A–B, D, F 100 µm; C, E, G 50 µm; H 10 µm.

FIGURE 11. Aposphragisma brunomanseri sp. nov. Male: A. abdomen ventral view; E. special hairs on ventral apex of tibia IV retrolateral view, SEM; F. apex of metatarsus IV retrolateral view; G. detail of retrolateral apex of metatarsus IV with special hairs, SEM; H. trichobothrium base, SEM. Female: B. abdomen ventral view; C. abdomen epigastric region ventral view, SEM; D. detail of abdomen front view, SEM. Cr, curved ridge; das, dorsal abdominal scutum; ds, metatarsus dorsal shieldlike appendage; lap, postepigastric lateral apodemes; lds, special long dorsal setae; ms, metatarsus special setae; sr, subterminal widely oval scutal ridge. Scale bars: A–B 500 µm; C 100 µm; D–F 50 µm; G 10 µm; H 5 µm.

FIGURE 12. Aposphragisma brunomanseri sp. nov. Male: A–B. palp prolateral view (B: hairs omitted except trichobothria); C. embolus-conductor-complex prolateral view; D. bulb with embolus-conductor-complex dorsal view, SEM; E. embolusconductor-complex prolateral view, SEM. Female: F-G. epigastric region (internal genitalia) dorsal view (nail partly covered by transverse sclerite). Cb, conical bulge; con, conductor; cr, curved ridge; dc, dorsal comb; dps, cymbium distal patch of short setae; em, embolus; esp, embolic spine; gap, globular appendix; lap, postepigastric lateral apodemes; lc, lateral comb; na, nail; pa, papillae; re, receptaculum; sa, sac; spp, spermophor; tsc, transverse sclerite. Scale bars: A–B, D, F–G 100 µm; C, E 50 µm.

FIGURE 49. Distribution of Aposphragisma gen. nov. in Southeast Asia. Stripe clade: 1) A. baltenspergerae sp. nov., 2) A. borgulai sp. nov., 3) A. brunomanseri sp. nov., 4) A. dayak sp. nov., 5) A. dentatum sp. nov., 6) A. hausammannae sp. nov., 7) A. helvetiorum sp. nov., 8) A. kolleri sp. nov., 9) A. menzi sp. nov., 10) A. monoceros sp. nov., 11) A. retifer sp. nov., 12) A. salewskii sp. nov., 13) A. sepilok sp. nov. Non-stripe clade species: 14) A. confluens sp. nov., 15) A. draconigenum sp. nov., 16) A. nocturnum sp. nov., 17) A. rimba sp. nov., 18) A. scimitar sp. nov., 19) A. stannum sp. nov. Scale bars: 500 km.