Glyptapanteles chrisgrinteri Arias-Penna, sp. nov.

Arias-Penna, Diana Carolina, Whitfield, James B., Janzen, Daniel H., Winifred Hallwachs,, Dyer, Lee A., Smith, M. Alex, Hebert, Paul D. N. & Fernandez-Triana, Jose L., 2019, A species-level taxonomic review and host associations of Glyptapanteles (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Microgastrinae) with an emphasis on 136 new reared species from Costa Rica and Ecuador, ZooKeys 890, pp. 1-685 : 1

Glyptapanteles chrisgrinteri Arias-Penna, sp. nov. Figs 54 , 55

Female.

Body length 1.96 mm, antenna length 2.32 mm, fore wing length 2.07 mm.

Type material.

Holotype: COSTA RICA • 1♀; 00-SRNP-21162, DHJPAR0000003; Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector Rincón Rain Forest, Sendero Rincon ; 430 m; 10.8962, -85.27769; 23.xii.2000; José Pérez leg.; caterpillar collected in second instar; dark gray cocoons are glued hard side by side on a stem forming a single row of cordwood, cocoons formed on 07.i.2001; adult parasitoids emerged on 16.i.2001; ( CNC) . Paratypes. • 59 (3♀, 4♂) (48♀, 2♂); 00-SRNP-21162, DHJPAR0000003; same data as for holotype; ( CNC) .

Other material.

Reared material. COSTA RICA: Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Rio Blanco Abajo : • 9 (4♀, 2♂) (3♀, 0 ♂); 01-SRNP-3283, DHJPAR0000019; rain forest; 500 m; 10.90037, -85.37254; 30.viii.2001; Freddy Quesada leg. ; caterpillar collected in third instar; dark elongate cocoons adhered lightly to each other in no particular pattern and adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 11.ix.2001. • 46 (3♀, 0 ♂) (43♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-6549, DHJPAR0004773; same data as for preceding except: 18.x.2005 ; Elda Araya ; tightly packed dark cocoons adhered on midrib of leaf; adult parasitoids emerged on 05.xi.2005 . • 19 (3♀, 3♂) (13♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-6550, DHJPAR0004781; same data as for preceding except: 18.x.2005; Elda Araya leg. ; caterpillar collected in second instar; tightly packed dark cocoons, on a midrib; adult parasitoids emerged on 09.xi.2005. • 46 (3♀, 3♂) (39♀, 1♂); 05-SRNP-6551, DHJPAR0004782; same data as for preceding except: 18.x.2005; Elda Araya leg. ; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.xi.2005. • 52 (3♀, 3♂) (43♀, 3♂); 07-SRNP-2878, DHJPAR0020263; same data as for preceding except: 21.vi.2007; Anabelle Cordoba leg. ; cocoons adhered in tight clusters on the rachis of the leaf; adult parasitoids emerged on 01.xi.2005.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Vado Rio Cucaracho : • 46 (3♀, 3♂) (10♀, 30♂); 05-SRNP-6415, DHJPAR0004771; rain forest; 640 m; 10.8702, -85.39153; 14.x.2005; Elda Araya leg.; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; dark stack of cocoons along a midrib; adult parasitoids emerged on 26.x.2005. • 29 (3♀, 3♂) (18♀, 5♂); 05-SRNP-6416, DHJPAR0004785; same data as for preceding except: cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 28.x.2005. • 25 (3♀, 3♂) (13♀, 6♂); 05-SRNP-6417, DHJPAR0004775; same data as for preceding except: cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 28.x.2005. • 46 (3♀, 3♂) (5♀, 35♂); 05-SRNP-6418, DHJPAR0004776; same data as for preceding except: cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Sendero Huerta : • 37 (5♀, 5♂) (19♀, 8♂); 07-SRNP-289, DHJPAR0012679; rain forest; 527 m; 10.9305, -85.37223; 16.i.2007; Anabelle Cordoba leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 20.i.2007; adult parasitoids emerged on 02.ii.2007. • 58 (5♀, 3♂) (50♀, 0 ♂); 07-SRNP-290, DHJPAR0012682; same data as for preceding except: dark brown cocoons; date of cocoons not reported; adult parasitoids emerged on 26.i.2007 .

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, 1 km al Este Nueva Zelandia : • 42(3♀, 3♂) (29♀, 7♂); 05-SRNP-6172, DHJPAR0002895; rain forest; 675 m; 10.86564, -85.39561; 03.x.2005; Anabelle Cordoba leg. ; caterpillar collected in fifth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate and formed on 08.x.2005; adult parasitoids emerged on 17.x.2005 and caterpillar still alive.

Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela, Sector San Cristóbal, Puente Palma : • 29 (3♀, 0 ♂) (26♀, 0 ♂); 05-SRNP-6692, DHJPAR0004777; rain forest; 460 m; 10.9163, -85.37869; 23.x.2005; Gloria Sihezar leg. ; caterpillar collected in fourth instar; cocoons adhered to the leaf substrate; adult parasitoids emerged on 10.xi.2005.

Diagnosis.

In lateral view metasoma laterally compressed ( Figs 54A, G , 55A ), fore wing with 1 cu-a vein straight, complete, touching the edge of 1-1A vein, vein curved, outer side of junction of r and 2RS veins forming a slight stub ( Figs 54I , 55H ), inner margin of eyes straight throughout, scutellum in profile flat and on same plane as mesoscutum ( Figs 54E , 55E ), precoxal groove with faintly lineate sculpture ( Figs 54A, E , 55A, E ), dorsal carina delimiting a dorsal furrow on propleuron absent ( Figs 54E , 55E ), petiole on T1 parallel-sided, but narrowing over distal 1/3 ( Figs 54D , 55D ), precoxal groove deep ( Figs 54A , 55A ), anteroventral contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so ( Figs 54E , 55E ), and edges of median area on T2 polished and followed by a deep groove ( Figs 54D , 55D ).

Coloration

( Fig. 54A ). General body coloration brown-black except scape, pedicel, mandibles and labrum yellow-brown; glossa, maxillary and labial palps, and tegulae yellow. Eyes and ocelli silver. Fore and middle legs yellow except dark yellow-brown coxae and brown claws; hind legs yellow except coxae, a small dot on the apex of femora, distal half of tibiae, and tarsomeres brown. Petiole on T1 brown and sublateral areas yellow-brown; T2 with median and adjacent areas brown, and lateral ends yellow-brown; T3 brown with lateral ends narrow and yellow-brown; T4 and beyond completely brown; distally each tergum with a narrow whitish transparent band. In lateral view, T1-3 completely yellow; T4 yellow, but dorsally brown; T5 and beyond brown. S1-3 completely yellow; S4 proximal half yellow, distal half brown; penultimate sternum and hypopygium completely brown.

Description.

Head ( Fig. 54A, B, E ). Head rounded with pubescence long and dense. Proximal three antennal flagellomeres longer than wide (0.17:0.05, 0.18:0.05, 0.18:0.05), distal antennal flagellomere longer than penultimate (0.11:0.05, 0.09:0.05), antenna longer than body (2.32, 1.96); antennal scrobes-frons shallow. Face convex with scattered finely punctate, interspaces on face wavy and longitudinal median carina present. Frons with punctuate sculpture. Temple wide with punctate sculpture and interspaces wavy. Inner margin of eyes straight throughout; in lateral view, eye anteriorly convex and posteriorly straight. POL shorter than OOL (0.08, 0.11). Malar suture absent or difficult to see. Median area between lateral ocelli without depression. Vertex laterally rounded and dorsally wide.

Mesosoma ( Fig. 54 A–C, E ). Mesosoma dorsoventrally convex. Mesoscutum 1/4 distal with a central dent, punctation distinct throughout and interspaces wavy/lacunose. Scutellum triangular, apex sloped and fused with BS, scutellar punctation distinct throughout, in profile scutellum flat and on same plane as mesoscutum, phragma of the scutellum partially exposed; BS only very partially overlapping the MPM; ATS demilune with short stubs delineating the area; dorsal ATS groove smooth. Transscutal articulation with small and heterogeneous foveae, area just behind transscutal articulation with same kind of sculpture as mesoscutum and nearly at the same level as mesoscutum (flat). Metanotum with BM wider than PFM (clearly differentiated); MPM circular and bisected by a median longitudinal carina; AFM with a small lobe and not as well delineated as PFM; PFM thick and smooth; ATM proximally with semircular/undulate carina and distally smooth. Propodeum without median longitudinal carina, proximal half weakly curved with medium-sized sculpture and distal half relatively polished and with a shallow dent at each side of nucha; distal edge of propodeum with a flange at each side and without stubs; propodeal spiracle without distal carina; nucha surrounded by very short radiating carinae. Pronotum with a distinct dorsal furrow, dorsally with a well-defined smooth band; central area of pronotum and dorsal furrow smooth, but ventral furrow with short parallel carinae. Propleuron with fine rugae and dorsally without a carina. Metasternum flat or nearly so. Contour of mesopleuron straight/angulate or nearly so; precoxal groove deep with faintly lineate sculpture; epicnemial ridge elongated more fusiform (tapering at both ends).

Legs. Ventral margin of fore telotarsus entire, but with a tiny curved seta, fore telotarsus almost same width throughout and longer than fourth tarsomere (0.09, 0.06). Hind coxa with punctation only on ventral surface and dorsal outer depression absent. Inner spur of hind tibia longer than outer spur (0.19, 0.13), entire surface of hind tibia with dense strong spines clearly differentiated by color and length. Hind telotarsus longer than fourth tarsomere (0.11, 0.09).

Wings ( Fig. 54I, J ). Fore wing with r vein slightly curved; 2RS vein slightly convex to convex; r and 2RS veins forming an angle at their junction and outer side of junction forming a slight stub; 2M vein slightly curved/swollen; distally fore wing [where spectral veins are] with microtrichiae more densely concentrated than the rest of the wing; anal cell 1/3 proximally lacking microtrichiae; subbasal cell with a small smooth area; vein 2CUa absent and vein 2CUb spectral; vein 2 cu-a absent; vein 2-1A proximally tubular and distally spectral, although sometimes difficult to see; tubular vein 1 cu-a straight, complete and touching the edge of 1-1A vein. Hind wing with vannal lobe narrow, subdistally evenly convex and subproximally straightened, and setae present only proximally.

Metasoma ( Fig. 54A, D, F–H ). Metasoma laterally compressed. Petiole on T1 completely smooth and polished, with faint, satin-like sheen, virtually parallel-sided over most of length, but narrowing over distal 1/3 and apex truncate (length 0.21, maximum width 0.11, minimum width 0.05), and with scattered pubescence concentrated in the first distal third. Lateral grooves delimiting the median area on T2 clearly defined and reaching the distal edge of T2 (length median area 0.12, length T2 0.12), edges of median area polished and lateral grooves deep, median area as broad as long (length 0.12, maximum width 0.13, minimum width 0.05); T2 with scattered pubescence only distally. T3 longer than T2 (0.17, 0.12) and with scattered pubescence throughout. Pubescence on hypopygium dense.

Cocoons. Gray or brown oval cocoons with silk fibers evenly smooth. Tightly packed cocoons arranged in a single row of cordwood and adhered to the leaf substrate.

Comments.

The propodeum has a series of delicate rugae that appear to follow the median longitudinal carinae. Distally, the pronotum is at a different level than the mesopleuron, thus forming a deep hollow. The specimens have slim bodies.

Male

( Fig. 55 A–I ). Similar in coloration to female.

Etymology.

Christopher (Chris) C. Grinter is an American lepidopterist working as Collection Manager of Entomology at California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA, and is the assistant secretary/treasurer of The Lepidopterists’ Society.

Distribution.

The parasitized caterpillars were collected in Costa Rica, ACG, Sector Rincón Rain Forest (Sendero Rincón) and Sector San Cristóbal (Este Nueva Zelandia, Puente Palma, Río Blanco Abajo, Sendero Huerta, and Vado Río Cucaracho), during December 2000, August 2001, October 2005, and January and June 2007 at 430 m, 460 m, 500 m, 527 m, 640 m, and 675 m in rain forest.

Biology.

The lifestyle of this parasitoid species is gregarious.

Host.

Lesmone aemylia (Druce) ( Noctuidae : Catocalinae) feeding on Mimosa dormiens ( Fabaceae ). Caterpillars were collected in second, third, fourth, and fifth instar. Caterpillars were still alive after the adult parasitoids emerged.

Figures

Figure 54. Glyptapanteles chrisgrinteri sp. nov. female 00 - SRNP- 21162 DHJPAR 0000003 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Dorsolateral view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, dorsolateral view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F Genitalia: hypopygium, ovipositor sheaths, lateral view G, H Metasoma G Lateral view H Dorsolateral view I, J Wings I Fore J Hind.

Figure 55. Glyptapanteles chrisgrinteri sp. nov. male 00 - SRNP- 21162 DHJPAR 0000003 A Habitus B, E Head, mesosoma B Laterodorsal view E Lateral view C Metanotum, propodeum, laterodorsal view D T 1 - 2, dorsolateral view F, G Metasoma F Lateral view G Dorsolateral view H, I Wings H Fore I Hind.