Tephritis truncata ( Loew 1844 )

Korneyev, Severyn V. & Korneyev, Valery A., 2019, Revision of the Old World species of the genus Tephritis (Diptera, Tephritidae) with a pair of isolated apical spots, Zootaxa 4584 (1), pp. 1-73 : 61-62

Tephritis truncata ( Loew 1844)

( Figs 3a ; 35 )

Trypeta truncata Loew 1844: 379 ; Tephritis truncata Schiner 1858: 678 ; 1864: 158; Loew 1862: 98; Becker 1905: 141; Hendel 1927: 196; Drensky 1943: 115; Séguy 1934: 165; Mihályi 1960: 65; Richter 1970: 165; Foote 1984: 134; Merz 1994: 77; Norrbom et al. 1999: 220.

Type material: Lectotype ♀; “ Wien, 1841” (Coll. H. Loew) (MNKB); marked by B. Merz in 1991 (examined); designated here (examined).

Non–type material: Armenia : Khosrov Nature Reserve , 2.05.1982, 1♂, 2♀ (Ermolenko) (SIZK); Austria: “ Frauenf. [eld] ”, 2♂, 1? (Coll. H. Loew) ( MNKB) ; “ Env. de Vienne, Boyer de Fonscolombe ”, 1856, 1♂, 2♀ ( MNHNP) ; Bulgaria: Sv. Vlas, near Nesebar , c. 20 m, 1– 31.07.1998, 7♂, 2♀ (C. v. Achterberg, R. de Vries, P. V. Atanassova) ( RMNH) ; Greece: “ Graecia ”, 1♂, 1♀ (Krüper) ( MNKB) ; Iran: East Azerbaijan: Howrand vicinity, 38.77°N, 47.10°E, h= 1725m, 17.05.2014, 1♀ (S. & V. Korneyev) ( SIZK) ; Italy / Slovenia: “Görz, 39555” [Gorizia / Gorica ], 1.05.1???, 1♂ [Becker] ( MNKB) ; Ukraine: Crimea, Rybachye, Kanaka valley , 4.05.1992, 1♂, 3♀ (Korneyev) ( SIZK) .

Diagnosis. Tephritis truncata can be easily separated from other Palearctic Tephritis species by the combination of extensively dark brown and wing pattern including anal lobe, with numerous hyaline dots, of which 2 hyaline spots in pterostigma (one or no spot in pterostigma in all other species), aculeus with deep apical incision ( T. leontodontis (De Geer 1776) and T. mariannae Merz 1992 possessing a similarly deep incision, have the wing with only 1 dark spot in pterostigma and anal lobe hyaline).

Redescription. Head: As in T. bardanae , yellow with black ocellar triangle and occiput; length: height: width ratio 1: 1.1: 1.54, Frons as wide as long. Eye 1.6 × as high as long. First flagellomere of antenna 1.55 × as long as wide. Gena 0.55 × as high as length of first flagellomere. Antenna yellow to dark ochreous, arista brown except reddish base.

Thorax: Mostly dark brown or black, grey microtrichose, with faint brown vittae. Scutellum medially black, reddish brown laterally and ventrolaterally. Thoracic setae usual for Tephritis , dark brown to black, including posterior anepisternal and anepimeral setae brown; posterior notopleural seta white and lanceolate. Apical scutellar seta 1/3 as long as basal scutellar seta. Calypteres white, with whitish fringe; upper calypter conspicuously lobate; almost as long as wide, lower calypter narrow. Halter yellow.

Legs: Brownish yellow, femora often yellowish brown. Fore femur with 2 rows of posterodorsal setae, of them basal 3-5 white, and others brown to black, and 1 row of longer posteroventral setae, white in basal half (5–7 setae) and brown in apical half (6–7 setae). Hind tibia with parallel rows of yellow to dark brown or black setulae and distinct anterodorsal row of dark brown to black setae on basal 2/3, longest seta about as long as width of tibia; hind femur with black setulae on dorsum.

Wing ( Fig. 3a ): Cells bm and bcu hyaline; cell c with dark bar at middle, and usually narrowly darkened at base and apex. Pterostigma brown, with 2 hyaline spots. Cell r 1 posterior to pterostigma brown with 2–3 hyaline dots, at middle with 2 trapeziform hyaline spots separated by narrow brown bar, and third, small hyaline spot subapically. Cell r 2+3 with dark base, 2–3 hyaline spots posterior to pterostigma; 3 round, separated hyaline spots between R 1 apex and dm-cu levels, medial spot twice as wide as proximal and 3 × as wide as distal one; preapical brown area (posterior to cell r 1 apex) with narrow, triangular hyaline spot and 3–7 smaller hyaline dots. Cell br dark at base, with hyaline interval on cell c level; dark posterior to pterostigma with 2 small round hyaline spots and 3– 5 hyaline dots. Crossvein r-m surrounded by 4 hyaline spots. Cell r 4+5 with basal one–third anterior of crossvein dm-cu with 2 hyaline spots, posterior spot 3–4 × larger than anterior one; middle third of cell brown, with 4–8 rounded hyaline dots; subapically with hyaline T–shaped area with arms extending into cells r 2+3 and m and reaching anterior and posterior wing margins; apex of cell with 2 large dark spots in 75% of specimens forming “apical fork”, i.e., connected to other dark wing pattern, in lectotype apical spots isolated. Cell dm dark from base to apex, with 3–4 larger round hyaline spots and numerous (10–15) dots; all isolated. Cell m with 4 large isolated hyaline spots and 10–12 hyaline dots. Cell cua dark with 10–18 round hyaline spots and dots of various sizes. Anal cell dark with 3 round hyaline spots. Anal lobe widely darkened. Alula hyaline.

Abdomen: With tergites black, sometimes brownish yellow posteriorly and laterally, sparsely grey microtrichose, white setulose, with white marginal setae.

Terminalia: Male. Glans of phallus moderately short, mostly membranous, with apical gonopore, without dorsal tail-like process. Preglans without spines. Female. Oviscape reddish brown, as long as abdominal tergites 5 and 6 combined, entirely brown setulose. Eversible membrane with 2 pairs of taeniae 0.35 × as long as membrane itself; ventral side of membrane with scales of various size, medial scales larger than lateral ones and moderately pointed ( Fig. 35e ). Aculeus brown, 4 × as long as wide, with sharp scales or spines on its surface and deep apical incision ( Figs 35 b–c).

Measurements: Female. BL=4.5–5.5; WL=4.3–4.8; AL=0.7–1.0; AL/C2=0.7–0.91 (n=6); Male. BL=4.2– 4.7; WL=4.3–4.6 (n=5).

Host plants: Larvae develop in flower heads of Leontodon tenuiflorus , L. incanus , L. crispus ( Merz 1994) .

Distribution: Albania, Armenia, Austria ( Merz & Korneyev 2004), Bulgaria ( Drensky 1943), Czech Republic ( Heřman & Kinkorová 2009), France ( Séguy 1934), Greece ( Merz & Korneyev, 2004), Germany (Merz 1999), Iran (first record), Italy ( Belcari et al. 1995), Poland, Slovakia ( Heřman & Kinkorová 2009), Switzerland ( Merz 1994), Ukraine.

Remarks: Specimens of T. truncata usually have the apical fork connected with remaining wing pattern, except the lectotype, which has narrowly separated apical spots ( Fig. 35a ).

Figures

FIGURES 3a–h. Tephritis, spp. wings: a—T. truncata; b—T. stictica; c—T. arsenii; d—T. arsenii (paratype); e—T. ruralis; f— T. tridentata; g—T. conyzifoliae; h—T. crepidis. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURES 35a–d. Tephritis truncata: a—habitus (lectotype) ♀; b—tip of aculeus, ventral view; c—aculeus, ventral view; deversible membrane, ventral view. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.