Cacoecimorpha pronubana HÜBNER, 1799

Maharramova, Sheyda & Ayberk, Hamit, 2017, New records of leafrollers reared in Azerbaijan (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Linzer biologische Beiträge 49 (1), pp. 677-686 : 680-681

Cacoecimorpha pronubana HÜBNER, 1799

Tortrix pronubana HÜBNER , [1796-1799] Tortrix ambustana FRÖLICH , in GEYER & HÜBNER, 1830 Tortrix hermineana DUPONCHEL , in GODART, 1834 Tortrix herminiana DUPONCHEL, in GODART, 1834 Tortrix insolatana LUCAS, 1848 Tortrix musculana obsoletana STRAND, 1901 (form) Tortrix perochreana HERRICH- SCHÄFFER, 1856 S p e c i m e n s e x a m i n e d. Absheron penin., Mardakan settl. (40.488998° 50.159894°,

6 m a.s.l.), 06.06.1997, Laurus nobilis , 1♀; Absheron penin., Mardakan settl. (40.490087°

50.163831°, 8 m a.s.l.), 12.06.2000, Laurus nobilis , 1♀; Lankaran district, Hirkan National Park

(38.607268° 48.783872°, 97 m a.s.l.), 27.06.2003, Ligustrum lucidum , 233; Lankaran district,

Hirkan National Park (38.608021° 48.803839°, 103 m a.s.l.), 18.06.2008, Ligustrum lucidum , 13.

H o s t p l a n t s. Larvae are polyphagous, feeding on more than 160 species of plants in 42 families (GILLIGAN & EPSTEIN 2014): Aegopodium podagraria (Apiaceae) ( ALLEN 1992), Vinca sp. ( Apocynaceae ) ( DUGDALE et al. 2005), Hieracium sp. ( Asteraceae ) ( BRADLEY et al. 1973), Brassica sp. ( Brassicaceae ) ( GARDINER 1982), Dianthus sp. ( Caryophyllaceae ) ( BRADLEY et al. 1973), Euonymus japonicus ( BRADLEY et al. 1973; EMMET 1992; NIELSEN 1993), Cupressocyparis leylandii ( Cupressaceae ) ( SOKOLOFF 1983), Hippophae rhamnoides (Elaeagnaceae) ( BRADLEY et al. 1973), Vaccinium corymbosum (Ericaceae) ( EASTERBROOKE 1986), Vaccinium sp. (Ericaceae) (CALVO AND MOLINA 2003), Euphorbia amygdaloides (Euphorbiaceae) , Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae) , Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) ( BRADLEY et al. 1973), Narcissus sp. ( Liliaceae ) ( ALLEN 1987), Ligustrum sp. (Oleaceae) , Fuchsia sp. ( Onagraceae ) ( BRADLEY et al. 1973), Pinus halepensis (Pinaceae) ( CASTRESANA et al.1996), Punica granatum ( Punicaceae ) ( VASILYEVA 1982), Fragaria sp. ( Rosaceae ) ( BRADLEY et al. 1973), Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae) ( BRADLEY 1987), Lycopersicon esculentum ( Solanaceae ) ( BRADLEY et al. 1973), Vitis sp. ( Vitaceae ) ( JACOBS 1978).

D i s t r i b u t i o n. North America (Oregon state of U.S.A.), Europe ( Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Britain, Cyprus, France ( Corsica island), Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Balearic Is., Italy, Malta, Portugal, Romania, Sicily, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland, The Netherlands (Madeira island), Africa (Sinai Peninsula ( Egypt)), Asia (Asian Turkey, Caucasian countries, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Arabian peninsula, Iran, Iraq).

R e m a r k s. This species was collected as larvae in the Eastern and South-Eastern territories of Azerbaijan. The yellow or brownish-green larvae attach 2 or 3 leaves together with silk and eat the parenchyma tissue on the inside of the leaves. At the end of 3rd instar, the larvae cover the leaves with a silken web.

Larvae of all instars can overwinter in fruit on the tree, in fallen fruit, or in fallen leaves. They continue to feed in the winter when the weather is favorable, especially on evergreens. Pupation occurs in a silken cocoon on the food plant. Adults fly from late June until July. Eggs are light green, pupae are blackish brown. The number of generations varies from 2 to 6 depending upon latitude ( KUZNETSOV 1994). Newly reported for the Caucasian fauna.